internal/config: make storage file paths overwritable via env vars (cherry-pick #24177 to version-2026.5)

[authentik-cherry-pick]

Cherry-pick of #24177 to version-2026.5 branch.

Original PR: #24177
Original Author: @alexeyabel
Cherry-picked commit: 84f89e0

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 93.38%. Comparing base (611cf6f) to head (4c84160).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on version-2026.5.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                Coverage Diff                 @@
##           version-2026.5   #24220      +/-   ##
==================================================
+ Coverage           93.35%   93.38%   +0.02%     
==================================================
  Files                1043     1043              
  Lines               61242    61242              
  Branches              400      400              
==================================================
+ Hits                57175    57191      +16     
+ Misses               4067     4051      -16     

Flag	Coverage Δ
conformance	36.07% <ø> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
e2e	41.27% <ø> (+0.03%)	⬆️
integration	32.53% <ø> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
rust	0.00% <ø> (ø)
unit	92.38% <ø> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
unit-migrate	92.41% <ø> (+0.02%)	⬆️

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[github-actions]

authentik PR Installation instructions

Instructions for docker-compose

Add the following block to your .env file:

AUTHENTIK_IMAGE=ghcr.io/goauthentik/dev-server
AUTHENTIK_TAG=gh-4c84160eaef6cbceade35308883da7fcc27716c7
AUTHENTIK_OUTPOSTS__CONTAINER_IMAGE_BASE=ghcr.io/goauthentik/dev-%(type)s:gh-%(build_hash)s

Afterwards, run the upgrade commands from the latest release notes.

Instructions for Kubernetes

Add the following block to your values.yml file:

authentik:
    outposts:
        container_image_base: ghcr.io/goauthentik/dev-%(type)s:gh-%(build_hash)s
global:
    image:
        repository: ghcr.io/goauthentik/dev-server
        tag: gh-4c84160eaef6cbceade35308883da7fcc27716c7

Afterwards, run the upgrade commands from the latest release notes.