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Test: Run ABI checks as Zephyr applications - #1318

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Test: Run ABI checks as Zephyr applications#1318
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enable-zephyr-abicheck

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@bremoran bremoran commented Jul 28, 2026

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Summary

Enable ABI checking for the mps3-an547 Cortex-M55 Zephyr target.

Previously, the ABI-check target bypassed the custom platform build path and linked an executable directly with $(LD). Under Zephyr CI this produced a host executable, which was then passed to Arm QEMU and faulted at startup.

This change:

  • routes the ABI-check target through the existing $(LINK)/CUSTOM_BUILD mechanism;
  • builds the ABI driver, self-tests, generated checks, and Armv8.1-M assembly sources as a standalone Zephyr application;
  • selects armv81m explicitly for mps3-an547, rather than inferring it from the generic arm-none-eabi compiler prefix;
  • preserves OPT and AUTO when scripts/tests invokes run_abicheck, ensuring the optimized ABI check is actually executed; and
  • rejects ABI-check requests for unsupported Zephyr targets explicitly.

Normal non-Zephyr ABI-check builds continue to use the existing linker path.

This PR is an alternative to #1312.

Scope

This initially enables Zephyr ABI checking only for mps3-an547. Other Zephyr targets are unchanged unless ABI checking is explicitly requested, in which case they report that the target is unsupported.

Validation

  • M55 Zephyr ABI-check self-tests: passed
  • keccak_f1600_x4_mve_asm ABI check under M55 QEMU: passed
  • M55 Zephyr functional tests for ML-DSA-44, ML-DSA-65, and ML-DSA-87: passed
  • Native ABI-check regression: passed
  • Unsupported M7 Zephyr ABI-check request: rejected as expected
  • Repository lint: passed on the complete implementation before the final documentation/default-selection adjustment
  • git diff --check: passed

Closes #1312

Build the ABI checker and assembly sources directly with Zephyr's target toolchain. Select the Armv8.1-M checker for M55 and preserve OPT/AUTO through the run stage so the checker is actually executed.

Signed-off-by: Brendan Moran <brendan.moran@arm.com>
@bremoran
bremoran requested a review from a team as a code owner July 28, 2026 13:42
@bremoran
bremoran marked this pull request as draft July 28, 2026 13:43
@oqs-bot

oqs-bot commented Jul 28, 2026

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2002s 1436s +39.4%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 42s 12s +250%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 214s 34s +529%
rej_uniform ⚠️ 21s 7s +200%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 53s 6s +783%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 247s 47s +426%
Full Results (210 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2002s 1436s +39.4%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 247s 47s +426%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 214s 34s +529%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 193s 196s -2%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 116s 125s -7%
mld_invntt_layer 100s 111s -10%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 53s 6s +783%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 42s 12s +250%
mld_ntt_layer 42s 44s -5%
fqmul 40s 39s +3%
polyvecl_chknorm 32s 38s -16%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 22s 25s -12%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 22s 23s -4%
rej_uniform ⚠️ 21s 7s +200%
sig_unpack_hints 19s 4s +375%
poly_ntt_c 18s 19s -5%
rej_uniform_native_x86_64 18s - new
sign_keypair_internal 18s 6s +200%
sign_signature_internal 18s 3s +500%
rej_uniform_c 16s 18s -11%
polyeta_unpack 15s 13s +15%
polyveck_decompose 15s 12s +25%
poly_chknorm_c 14s 13s +8%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 12s 9s +33%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 12s 13s -8%
polyt0_unpack 11s 14s -21%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 10s 8s +25%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 10s 12s -17%
polyveck_chknorm 10s 9s +11%
mld_sample_s1_s2 8s 8s +0%
polyz_unpack_c 8s 7s +14%
keccak_absorb 7s 4s +75%
mld_check_pct 7s 15s -53%
mld_compute_pack_z 7s 6s +17%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 7s 8s -12%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 7s 8s -12%
poly_decompose_c 7s 6s +17%
polyveck_caddq 7s 8s -12%
polyveck_reduce 7s 6s +17%
polyvecl_ntt 7s 8s -12%
rej_eta_native 7s 4s +75%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 6s 4s +50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 6s 1s +500%
pack_sk_s1 6s 2s +200%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 6s 5s +20%
poly_add 6s 8s -25%
shake256_release 6s 5s +20%
sign_keypair 6s 4s +50%
unpack_sk 6s 4s +50%
intt_native_aarch64 5s 4s +25%
keccak_finalize 5s 1s +400%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 5s 4s +25%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 5s 3s +67%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 5s 6s -17%
mld_sign_attempt 5s - new
nttunpack_native_x86_64 5s 3s +67%
pack_sig_c 5s 2s +150%
pointwise_native_x86_64 5s 5s +0%
poly_caddq_c 5s 3s +67%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 5s 3s +67%
poly_challenge 5s 4s +25%
poly_reduce 5s 4s +25%
poly_shiftl 5s 4s +25%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 5s 4s +25%
polyveck_pack_eta 5s 5s +0%
polyz_pack 5s 4s +25%
sign_signature_extmu 5s 4s +25%
caddq 4s 3s +33%
decompose 4s 2s +100%
fqscale 4s 1s +300%
keccak_squeeze 4s 5s -20%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 4s 1s +300%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 4s 1s +300%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 4s 5s -20%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 4s 2s +100%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 4s 3s +33%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 4s 1s +300%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 4s 3s +33%
mld_sign_finish 4s - new
ntt_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
poly_caddq 4s 5s -20%
poly_caddq_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_chknorm_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 4s 2s +100%
poly_power2round 4s 7s -43%
poly_sub 4s 5s -20%
poly_uniform 4s 4s +0%
poly_uniform_4x 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 5s -20%
poly_use_hint 4s 4s +0%
poly_use_hint_native 4s 1s +300%
polyeta_pack 4s 3s +33%
polyt1_pack 4s 5s -20%
polyt1_unpack 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_unpack_eta 4s 3s +33%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 4s 2s +100%
polyz_unpack 4s 3s +33%
polyz_unpack_native 4s 1s +300%
power2round 4s 3s +33%
rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
rej_uniform_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
shake128_release 4s 3s +33%
shake256 4s 3s +33%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 4s 2s +100%
sign_verify_extmu 4s 4s +0%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 4s 3s +33%
unpack_pk_t1 4s 2s +100%
unpack_sk_s2hat 4s 3s +33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 1s +200%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 2s +50%
make_hint 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_memcmp 3s 1s +200%
mld_ct_sel_int32 3s 2s +50%
mld_h 3s 2s +50%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 3s 4s -25%
mld_sign_resume 3s - new
mld_value_barrier_u8 3s 2s +50%
montgomery_reduce 3s 2s +50%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
poly_chknorm 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native 3s 1s +200%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 3s 2s +50%
poly_ntt_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint_c 3s 4s -25%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint_native_x86_64 3s - new
polyvec_matrix_expand 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_ntt 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_pack_w1 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_z 3s 3s +0%
polyw1_pack 3s 2s +50%
polyw1_pack_32 3s 3s +0%
polyw1_pack_88 3s 2s +50%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
polyz_unpack_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
rej_eta_c 3s 4s -25%
rej_uniform_native 3s 5s -40%
shake128_absorb 3s 2s +50%
shake128x4_absorb_once 3s 4s -25%
shake256_absorb 3s 3s +0%
shake256_finalize 3s 3s +0%
shake256_squeeze 3s 2s +50%
sign_signature 3s 4s -25%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 3s 3s +0%
sign_verify 3s 2s +50%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 3s 2s +50%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 3s 3s +0%
sys_check_capability 3s 2s +50%
unpack_sk_s1hat 3s 3s +0%
yvec_init 3s 4s -25%
intt_native_x86_64 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 2s 3s -33%
keccak_init 2s 1s +100%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_abs_i32 2s 1s +100%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_i64 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_u32 2s 3s -33%
ntt_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
pack_sig_h 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_z 2s 3s -33%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 2s 5s -60%
poly_decompose_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
poly_invntt_tomont 2s 4s -50%
poly_ntt 2s 2s +0%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 3s -33%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_pack_eta 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 2s 2s +0%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
reduce32 2s 3s -33%
rej_eta 2s 2s +0%
rej_uniform_eta_native_x86_64 2s - new
shake128_squeeze 2s 1s +100%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 1s +100%
shake256x4_absorb_once 2s 5s -60%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 2s 7s -71%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_t0hat 2s 4s -50%
use_hint 2s 3s -33%
yvec_get_poly 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute 1s 2s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 1s 2s -50%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 1s 1s +0%
pointwise_native_aarch64 1s 4s -75%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 1s 3s -67%
polyt0_pack 1s 3s -67%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 1s 3s -67%
shake128_finalize 1s 2s -50%
shake128_init 1s 2s -50%
shake256_init 1s 3s -67%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 1s 4s -75%

@oqs-bot

oqs-bot commented Jul 28, 2026

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2441s 1514s +61.2%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 110s 50s +120%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 370s 58s +538%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 46s 2s +2200%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 45s 5s +800%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 78s 26s +200%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 304s 114s +167%
Full Results (210 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2441s 1514s +61.2%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 370s 58s +538%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 304s 114s +167%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 178s 131s +36%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 151s 114s +32%
mld_invntt_layer 124s 107s +16%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 110s 50s +120%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 78s 26s +200%
mld_ntt_layer 46s 42s +10%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 46s 2s +2200%
fqmul 45s 39s +15%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 45s 5s +800%
polyvec_matrix_expand 28s 28s +0%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 24s 23s +4%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 23s 22s +5%
poly_ntt_c 21s 19s +11%
rej_uniform 18s 18s +0%
poly_chknorm_c 17s 17s +0%
polyeta_unpack 17s 14s +21%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 17s 15s +13%
sign_keypair_internal 17s 4s +325%
polyt0_unpack 16s 15s +7%
rej_uniform_c 16s 15s +7%
rej_uniform_native_x86_64 15s - new
poly_uniform_4x 14s 14s +0%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 13s 11s +18%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 11s 11s +0%
polyz_unpack_c 11s 11s +0%
mld_compute_pack_z 10s 7s +43%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 9s 4s +125%
polyvecl_chknorm 9s 10s -10%
sign_keypair 9s 4s +125%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 8s 9s -11%
poly_add 8s 7s +14%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 8s 8s +0%
ntt_native_x86_64 7s 3s +133%
polyveck_chknorm 7s 5s +40%
polyveck_decompose 7s 4s +75%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 6s 1s +500%
mld_check_pct 6s 14s -57%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 6s 8s -25%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 6s 2s +200%
mld_sign_finish 6s - new
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 6s 7s -14%
poly_challenge 6s 3s +100%
poly_ntt_native 6s 5s +20%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 6s 2s +200%
poly_uniform 6s 6s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 6s 5s +20%
rej_uniform_native_aarch64 6s 5s +20%
sign_verify 6s 4s +50%
sign_verify_extmu 6s 3s +100%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 6s 2s +200%
caddq 5s 2s +150%
keccak_absorb 5s 5s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 5s 2s +150%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 5s 3s +67%
mld_h 5s 4s +25%
mld_sample_s1_s2 5s 4s +25%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 5s 3s +67%
pointwise_native_aarch64 5s 5s +0%
poly_decompose_c 5s 4s +25%
poly_use_hint 5s 4s +25%
polyt0_pack 5s 2s +150%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 5s 5s +0%
polyw1_pack 5s 3s +67%
polyw1_pack_32 5s 2s +150%
rej_uniform_native 5s 4s +25%
sign_signature 5s 3s +67%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 5s 6s -17%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 5s 5s +0%
unpack_sk_t0hat 5s 3s +67%
decompose 4s 2s +100%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 4s 3s +33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 4s 3s +33%
keccak_squeeze 4s 1s +300%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 4s 2s +100%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 4s 2s +100%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 4s 3s +33%
mld_ct_abs_i32 4s 2s +100%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 4s 2s +100%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 4s 1s +300%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 4s 4s +0%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 4s 3s +33%
mld_sign_attempt 4s - new
mld_sign_resume 4s - new
ntt_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
poly_caddq 4s 2s +100%
poly_caddq_native_x86_64 4s 4s +0%
poly_decompose_native_x86_64 4s 3s +33%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 4s 4s +0%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_power2round 4s 4s +0%
poly_shiftl 4s 3s +33%
polyt1_pack 4s 4s +0%
polyt1_unpack 4s 5s -20%
polyveck_caddq 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_ntt 4s 5s -20%
polyveck_unpack_eta 4s 2s +100%
polyvecl_unpack_z 4s 2s +100%
polyz_unpack 4s 3s +33%
rej_eta 4s 3s +33%
shake128_absorb 4s 2s +100%
shake128_release 4s 1s +300%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 4s 1s +300%
shake256 4s 1s +300%
shake256_finalize 4s 2s +100%
shake256_init 4s 3s +33%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 4s +0%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 4s 2s +100%
use_hint 4s 2s +100%
yvec_get_poly 4s 3s +33%
yvec_init 4s 3s +33%
intt_native_aarch64 3s 9s -67%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
keccak_finalize 3s 3s +0%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 3s 4s -25%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_memcmp 3s 3s +0%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 3s 1s +200%
pack_sig_h 3s 3s +0%
pack_sk_s1 3s 2s +50%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
poly_caddq_native 3s 5s -40%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
poly_decompose_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont 3s 4s -25%
poly_ntt 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_eta 3s 5s -40%
poly_use_hint_native 3s 4s -25%
polyeta_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_pack_eta 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_pack_w1 3s 1s +200%
polyvecl_ntt 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pack_eta 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 4s -25%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 3s 2s +50%
polyw1_pack_88 3s 1s +200%
polyz_pack 3s 2s +50%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
polyz_unpack_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
power2round 3s 3s +0%
rej_eta_native 3s 6s -50%
rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
shake128_squeeze 3s 1s +200%
shake256_release 3s 2s +50%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 3s 4s -25%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 3s 3s +0%
unpack_pk_t1 3s 5s -40%
unpack_sk_s1hat 3s 1s +200%
unpack_sk_s2hat 3s 4s -25%
fqscale 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 1s +100%
keccak_init 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 3s -33%
make_hint 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 2s 4s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 2s 1s +100%
mld_ct_sel_int32 2s 2s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 2s 2s +0%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 2s 2s +0%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 2s 3s -33%
mld_value_barrier_u8 2s 3s -33%
montgomery_reduce 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_c 2s 2s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 2s 4s -50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 3s -33%
poly_reduce 2s 3s -33%
poly_sub 2s 3s -33%
poly_uniform_gamma1 2s 4s -50%
poly_use_hint_c 2s 3s -33%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
poly_use_hint_native_x86_64 2s - new
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 2s 2s +0%
polyveck_reduce 2s 5s -60%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 2s 5s -60%
polyz_unpack_native 2s 2s +0%
reduce32 2s 2s +0%
rej_eta_c 2s 4s -50%
rej_uniform_eta_native_x86_64 2s - new
shake128_init 2s 3s -33%
shake128x4_absorb_once 2s 3s -33%
shake256_absorb 2s 3s -33%
shake256_squeeze 2s 2s +0%
shake256x4_absorb_once 2s 3s -33%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 2s 3s -33%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 2s 3s -33%
sys_check_capability 2s 4s -50%
unpack_sk 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 1s 3s -67%
keccakf1600x4_permute 1s 4s -75%
mld_value_barrier_i64 1s 2s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u32 1s 2s -50%
pack_sig_z 1s 4s -75%
poly_caddq_c 1s 2s -50%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 1s 2s -50%
shake128_finalize 1s 2s -50%

@oqs-bot

oqs-bot commented Jul 28, 2026

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 1966s 1364s +44.1%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 40s 12s +233%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 189s 19s +895%
rej_uniform ⚠️ 22s 8s +175%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 40s 2s +1900%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 40s 5s +700%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 20s 4s +400%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 262s 49s +435%
Full Results (210 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 1966s 1364s +44.1%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 262s 49s +435%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 189s 19s +895%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 153s 149s +3%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 124s 112s +11%
mld_invntt_layer 106s 105s +1%
polyveck_chknorm 62s 67s -7%
mld_ntt_layer 47s 41s +15%
fqmul 42s 39s +8%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 40s 12s +233%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 40s 2s +1900%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 40s 5s +700%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 25s 22s +14%
rej_uniform ⚠️ 22s 8s +175%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 21s 23s -9%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 20s 4s +400%
poly_ntt_c 19s 21s -10%
polyt0_unpack 15s 12s +25%
rej_uniform_native_x86_64 15s - new
sign_keypair_internal 15s 4s +275%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 14s 12s +17%
polyeta_unpack 14s 14s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 13s 11s +18%
polyvecl_chknorm 13s 11s +18%
rej_uniform_c 13s 16s -19%
poly_chknorm_c 11s 11s +0%
polyveck_decompose 10s 7s +43%
sign_keypair 9s 5s +80%
mld_check_pct 8s 15s -47%
polyz_unpack_c 8s 8s +0%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 7s 8s -12%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 7s 7s +0%
pointwise_native_x86_64 7s 4s +75%
poly_add 7s 7s +0%
poly_decompose_c 7s 5s +40%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 7s 3s +133%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 7s 4s +75%
keccak_absorb 6s 3s +100%
mld_compute_pack_z 6s 6s +0%
mld_sign_finish 6s - new
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 6s 4s +50%
poly_caddq_native 6s 3s +100%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 6s 6s +0%
polyw1_pack_88 6s 2s +200%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 6s 4s +50%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 6s 5s +20%
mld_sign_resume 5s - new
nttunpack_native_x86_64 5s 4s +25%
pack_sk_s1 5s 3s +67%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 5s 6s -17%
poly_chknorm 5s 3s +67%
poly_ntt 5s 3s +67%
poly_reduce 5s 4s +25%
poly_uniform_4x 5s 3s +67%
poly_uniform_gamma1 5s 3s +67%
polyt1_pack 5s 3s +67%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 5s 5s +0%
polyveck_reduce 5s 4s +25%
polyvecl_ntt 5s 3s +67%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 5s 2s +150%
polyz_unpack_native 5s 3s +67%
rej_uniform_native 5s 5s +0%
sign_signature 5s 6s -17%
sign_verify 5s 4s +25%
decompose 4s 3s +33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 4s 2s +100%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 4s 2s +100%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 4s 2s +100%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 4s 4s +0%
mld_sign_attempt 4s - new
poly_challenge 4s 6s -33%
poly_chknorm_native 4s 4s +0%
poly_decompose_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
poly_invntt_tomont 4s 2s +100%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_ntt_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 4s 3s +33%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_power2round 4s 4s +0%
poly_uniform 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 2s +100%
poly_use_hint 4s 2s +100%
poly_use_hint_c 4s 5s -20%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
polyvec_matrix_expand 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_caddq 4s 3s +33%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 4s 4s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 4s 4s +0%
polyw1_pack_32 4s 3s +33%
polyz_pack 4s 2s +100%
reduce32 4s 3s +33%
rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
rej_uniform_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
shake256_release 4s 1s +300%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 4s 5s -20%
unpack_pk_t1 4s 3s +33%
unpack_sk 4s 3s +33%
yvec_get_poly 4s 3s +33%
yvec_init 4s 1s +300%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 2s +50%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_abs_i32 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 3s 2s +50%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 3s 3s +0%
mld_sample_s1_s2 3s 1s +200%
mld_value_barrier_i64 3s 3s +0%
ntt_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
ntt_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
pack_sig_h 3s 4s -25%
pack_sig_z 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq_c 3s 3s +0%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_caddq_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_chknorm_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_shiftl 3s 4s -25%
poly_sub 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 3s 5s -40%
poly_use_hint_native_x86_64 3s - new
polyeta_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyt0_pack 3s 4s -25%
polyveck_ntt 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_pack_eta 3s 4s -25%
polyveck_pack_w1 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pack_eta 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_z 3s 3s +0%
power2round 3s 2s +50%
rej_eta 3s 5s -40%
rej_eta_c 3s 4s -25%
rej_eta_native 3s 3s +0%
rej_uniform_eta_native_x86_64 3s - new
shake128_absorb 3s 3s +0%
shake128x4_absorb_once 3s 2s +50%
shake256_absorb 3s 2s +50%
shake256_finalize 3s 2s +50%
shake256_squeeze 3s 2s +50%
shake256x4_absorb_once 3s 1s +200%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 3s 2s +50%
sign_signature_extmu 3s 4s -25%
sign_verify_extmu 3s 5s -40%
unpack_sk_s1hat 3s 3s +0%
unpack_sk_s2hat 3s 4s -25%
unpack_sk_t0hat 3s 2s +50%
caddq 2s 6s -67%
fqscale 2s 2s +0%
intt_native_aarch64 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 3s -33%
keccak_finalize 2s 2s +0%
keccak_squeeze 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 2s 6s -67%
keccakf1600x4_permute 2s 4s -50%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 2s 5s -60%
make_hint 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 2s 4s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_memcmp 2s 1s +100%
mld_ct_sel_int32 2s 3s -33%
mld_h 2s 4s -50%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 2s 4s -50%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 2s 4s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u32 2s 1s +100%
mld_value_barrier_u8 2s 4s -50%
montgomery_reduce 2s 2s +0%
pack_sig_c 2s 5s -60%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 5s -60%
poly_caddq 2s 4s -50%
poly_decompose 2s 2s +0%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 2s 5s -60%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 2s 3s -33%
polyt1_unpack 2s 2s +0%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 2s 4s -50%
polyveck_unpack_eta 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 2s 2s +0%
polyw1_pack 2s 4s -50%
polyz_unpack 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
polyz_unpack_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
shake128_release 2s 2s +0%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 2s +0%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 2s 5s -60%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 2s +0%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 2s 1s +100%
use_hint 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 1s 3s -67%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 1s 3s -67%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 1s 2s -50%
keccak_init 1s 3s -67%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 1s 3s -67%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 1s 2s -50%
pointwise_native_aarch64 1s 2s -50%
poly_use_hint_native 1s 3s -67%
shake128_finalize 1s 3s -67%
shake128_init 1s 2s -50%
shake128_squeeze 1s 2s -50%
shake256 1s 1s +0%
shake256_init 1s 4s -75%
sys_check_capability 1s 2s -50%

@oqs-bot

oqs-bot commented Jul 28, 2026

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2585s 1784s +44.9%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 73s 13s +462%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 386s 63s +513%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 32s 2s +1500%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 50s 6s +733%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 102s 55s +85%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 388s 177s +119%
Full Results (210 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2585s 1784s +44.9%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 388s 177s +119%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 386s 63s +513%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 218s 210s +4%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 123s 125s -2%
mld_invntt_layer 111s 109s +2%
polyvec_matrix_expand 110s 110s +0%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 102s 55s +85%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 73s 13s +462%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 50s 6s +733%
fqmul 42s 40s +5%
mld_ntt_layer 42s 41s +2%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 32s 2s +1500%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 28s 27s +4%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 23s 24s -4%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 22s 23s -4%
poly_ntt_c 20s 19s +5%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 18s 18s +0%
rej_uniform_native_x86_64 18s - new
sign_keypair_internal 16s 5s +220%
poly_chknorm_c 15s 15s +0%
polyt0_unpack 14s 16s -12%
polyveck_decompose 14s 12s +17%
rej_uniform_c 14s 14s +0%
poly_uniform_4x 13s 13s +0%
rej_uniform 13s 18s -28%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 12s 14s -14%
polyz_unpack_c 11s 13s -15%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 10s 11s -9%
mld_check_pct 9s 14s -36%
poly_add 9s 9s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 8s 6s +33%
poly_decompose_c 8s 5s +60%
poly_uniform 8s 4s +100%
sign_keypair 8s 3s +167%
keccak_absorb 7s 3s +133%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 7s 8s -12%
poly_use_hint_c 7s 5s +40%
polyveck_caddq 7s 6s +17%
polyveck_chknorm 7s 6s +17%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 7s 8s -12%
polyveck_ntt 7s 7s +0%
polyvecl_ntt 7s 4s +75%
rej_uniform_native 7s 4s +75%
mld_compute_pack_z 6s 7s -14%
mld_sample_s1_s2 6s 6s +0%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 6s 8s -25%
poly_shiftl 6s 3s +100%
polyeta_unpack 6s 8s -25%
polyt1_unpack 6s 5s +20%
polyveck_unpack_eta 6s 6s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 6s 2s +200%
shake256_finalize 6s 1s +500%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 6s 3s +100%
unpack_sk_t0hat 6s 5s +20%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 5s 5s +0%
mld_ct_sel_int32 5s 3s +67%
pack_sig_z 5s 2s +150%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 5s 6s -17%
pointwise_native_aarch64 5s 5s +0%
poly_challenge 5s 6s -17%
poly_chknorm_native_x86_64 5s 3s +67%
poly_use_hint 5s 3s +67%
poly_use_hint_native 5s 2s +150%
polyveck_pack_w1 5s 3s +67%
polyvecl_chknorm 5s 7s -29%
sign_signature_extmu 5s 2s +150%
sign_verify 5s 3s +67%
sign_verify_extmu 5s 3s +67%
decompose 4s 1s +300%
fqscale 4s 3s +33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 4s 3s +33%
keccak_init 4s 1s +300%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 4s 4s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 4s 1s +300%
mld_ct_memcmp 4s 2s +100%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 4s 4s +0%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 4s 2s +100%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 4s 4s +0%
mld_sign_attempt 4s - new
montgomery_reduce 4s 4s +0%
ntt_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
pack_sig_c 4s 5s -20%
pointwise_native_x86_64 4s 3s +33%
poly_caddq 4s 2s +100%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_power2round 4s 4s +0%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 4s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 4s 4s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 4s 3s +33%
polyw1_pack_32 4s 4s +0%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
reduce32 4s 3s +33%
rej_eta_native 4s 3s +33%
shake128x4_absorb_once 4s 3s +33%
sign_signature 4s 6s -33%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 4s 3s +33%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 4s 5s -20%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 5s -20%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 4s 2s +100%
unpack_sk_s1hat 4s 2s +100%
intt_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 3s 2s +50%
keccak_finalize 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_permute 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 4s -25%
make_hint 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 3s 3s +0%
mld_h 3s 2s +50%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 3s 1s +200%
mld_sign_finish 3s - new
mld_sign_resume 3s - new
ntt_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
pack_sk_s1 3s 5s -40%
poly_caddq_native 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_chknorm 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 1s +200%
poly_decompose_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
poly_ntt 3s 2s +50%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 3s 2s +50%
poly_reduce 3s 3s +0%
poly_sub 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint_native_x86_64 3s - new
polyeta_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyt0_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyt1_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_pack_eta 3s 4s -25%
polyveck_reduce 3s 4s -25%
polyw1_pack_88 3s 2s +50%
polyz_unpack 3s 3s +0%
power2round 3s 1s +200%
rej_eta 3s 2s +50%
rej_eta_c 3s 5s -40%
rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
rej_uniform_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
shake128_release 3s 3s +0%
shake128_squeeze 3s 2s +50%
shake256 3s 2s +50%
shake256_absorb 3s 2s +50%
shake256_init 3s 2s +50%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 3s 2s +50%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 3s 6s -50%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 3s 2s +50%
unpack_pk_t1 3s 5s -40%
caddq 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 2s 2s +0%
keccak_squeeze 2s 4s -50%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 2s 4s -50%
mld_ct_abs_i32 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 2s 4s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 2s 2s +0%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 2s 3s -33%
mld_value_barrier_i64 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_u32 2s 3s -33%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_h 2s 5s -60%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 2s +0%
poly_caddq_c 2s 2s +0%
poly_caddq_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
poly_decompose 2s 2s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont 2s 3s -33%
poly_ntt_native 2s 4s -50%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 2s 4s -50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_pack_eta 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_unpack_z 2s 3s -33%
polyw1_pack 2s 4s -50%
polyz_pack 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_native 2s 4s -50%
polyz_unpack_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
rej_uniform_eta_native_x86_64 2s - new
shake128_absorb 2s 2s +0%
shake128_finalize 2s 1s +100%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 3s -33%
shake256_release 2s 2s +0%
shake256_squeeze 2s 3s -33%
sys_check_capability 2s 4s -50%
unpack_sk 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_s2hat 2s 4s -50%
yvec_init 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 1s 2s -50%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 1s 2s -50%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 1s 3s -67%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 1s 2s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u8 1s 3s -67%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 1s 1s +0%
shake128_init 1s 2s -50%
shake256x4_absorb_once 1s 3s -67%
use_hint 1s 2s -50%
yvec_get_poly 1s 3s -67%

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oqs-bot commented Jul 28, 2026

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2285s 1482s +54.2%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 50s 7s +614%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 453s 31s +1361%
rej_uniform ⚠️ 21s 7s +200%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 42s 5s +740%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 266s 71s +275%
Full Results (210 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 2285s 1482s +54.2%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 453s 31s +1361%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 266s 71s +275%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 204s 201s +1%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 122s 116s +5%
mld_invntt_layer 109s 108s +1%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 50s 7s +614%
mld_ntt_layer 44s 43s +2%
polyvecl_chknorm 43s 43s +0%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 42s 5s +740%
fqmul 39s 40s -3%
polyveck_chknorm 36s 36s +0%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 24s 22s +9%
rej_uniform ⚠️ 21s 7s +200%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 20s 25s -20%
poly_ntt_c 19s 22s -14%
sig_unpack_hints 19s 1s +1800%
sign_keypair_internal 17s 3s +467%
sign_signature_internal 17s 6s +183%
rej_uniform_native_x86_64 15s - new
poly_chknorm_c 13s 13s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 12s 10s +20%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 12s 13s -8%
polyt0_unpack 12s 13s -8%
rej_uniform_c 12s 16s -25%
polyveck_decompose 11s 14s -21%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 10s 10s +0%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 10s 8s +25%
sign_keypair 9s 4s +125%
sign_signature_extmu 9s 4s +125%
polyz_unpack_c 8s 9s -11%
keccak_absorb 7s 3s +133%
mld_check_pct 7s 12s -42%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 7s 7s +0%
mld_sample_s1_s2 7s 6s +17%
poly_add 7s 7s +0%
polyveck_caddq 7s 7s +0%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 7s 7s +0%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 6s 4s +50%
mld_compute_pack_z 6s 5s +20%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 6s 2s +200%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 6s 5s +20%
poly_decompose_c 6s 8s -25%
polyveck_reduce 6s 6s +0%
polyvecl_ntt 6s 7s -14%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 5s 3s +67%
mld_h 5s 3s +67%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 5s 4s +25%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 5s 6s -17%
poly_caddq_c 5s 5s +0%
poly_challenge 5s 5s +0%
poly_chknorm_native_x86_64 5s 4s +25%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 5s 4s +25%
poly_decompose_native 5s 5s +0%
poly_ntt_native 5s 2s +150%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 5s 3s +67%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 5s 4s +25%
poly_power2round 5s 7s -29%
poly_reduce 5s 4s +25%
poly_uniform 5s 2s +150%
poly_uniform_gamma1 5s 3s +67%
polyeta_unpack 5s 4s +25%
polyvecl_pack_eta 5s 2s +150%
polyw1_pack_88 5s 3s +67%
polyz_unpack_native 5s 3s +67%
shake128_squeeze 5s 3s +67%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 5s 3s +67%
sign_verify 5s 6s -17%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 5s 1s +400%
intt_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 4s 2s +100%
make_hint 4s 3s +33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 4s 3s +33%
mld_ct_sel_int32 4s 2s +100%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 4s 3s +33%
mld_value_barrier_i64 4s 2s +100%
montgomery_reduce 4s 1s +300%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 4s 3s +33%
pack_sig_h 4s 2s +100%
poly_chknorm_native 4s 4s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 4s 5s -20%
poly_ntt 4s 2s +100%
poly_shiftl 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 5s -20%
poly_use_hint_c 4s 2s +100%
poly_use_hint_native 4s 7s -43%
polyeta_pack 4s 1s +300%
polyt1_unpack 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 4s 7s -43%
polyveck_ntt 4s 4s +0%
polyveck_pack_w1 4s 4s +0%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 4s 1s +300%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
rej_uniform_native 4s 4s +0%
rej_uniform_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
shake256_absorb 4s 4s +0%
shake256_init 4s 4s +0%
shake256_squeeze 4s 4s +0%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 6s -33%
unpack_sk_s1hat 4s 1s +300%
yvec_get_poly 4s 3s +33%
caddq 3s 2s +50%
decompose 3s 4s -25%
fqscale 3s 3s +0%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 3s 2s +50%
keccak_finalize 3s 2s +50%
keccak_init 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600_permute 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600_permute_native 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 1s +200%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_abs_i32 3s 6s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 3s 4s -25%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 3s 2s +50%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 3s 3s +0%
mld_sign_attempt 3s - new
mld_sign_finish 3s - new
mld_sign_resume 3s - new
ntt_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
ntt_native_x86_64 3s 5s -40%
pointwise_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq 3s 3s +0%
poly_caddq_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq_native_x86_64 3s 1s +200%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_invntt_tomont 3s 5s -40%
poly_sub 3s 4s -25%
poly_use_hint 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
polyt1_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyvec_matrix_expand 3s 6s -50%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 3s 3s +0%
polyw1_pack_32 3s 2s +50%
polyz_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyz_unpack 3s 3s +0%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
polyz_unpack_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
power2round 3s 2s +50%
reduce32 3s 2s +50%
rej_eta_c 3s 4s -25%
rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
shake128_release 3s 2s +50%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 3s 2s +50%
shake256x4_absorb_once 3s 2s +50%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 3s 2s +50%
sign_signature 3s 5s -40%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 3s 5s -40%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 3s 1s +200%
sys_check_capability 3s 1s +200%
use_hint 3s 2s +50%
yvec_init 3s 5s -40%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 2s 3s -33%
keccak_squeeze 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 2s 1s +100%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 2s 1s +100%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_u32 2s 4s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u8 2s 1s +100%
pack_sig_c 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_z 2s 1s +100%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 2s +0%
pack_sk_s1 2s 3s -33%
poly_chknorm 2s 3s -33%
poly_decompose 2s 2s +0%
poly_decompose_native_x86_64 2s 2s +0%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 2s 3s -33%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 2s +0%
poly_uniform_4x 2s 4s -50%
poly_use_hint_native_x86_64 2s - new
polyt0_pack 2s 5s -60%
polyveck_pack_eta 2s 3s -33%
polyveck_unpack_eta 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 2s 4s -50%
polyvecl_unpack_z 2s 1s +100%
polyw1_pack 2s 3s -33%
rej_eta_native 2s 3s -33%
rej_uniform_eta_native_x86_64 2s - new
shake128_absorb 2s 2s +0%
shake128x4_absorb_once 2s 2s +0%
shake256 2s 2s +0%
shake256_finalize 2s 1s +100%
shake256_release 2s 3s -33%
sign_verify_extmu 2s 2s +0%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_s2hat 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_t0hat 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 1s 2s -50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 1s 2s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 1s 3s -67%
mld_ct_memcmp 1s 4s -75%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 1s 2s -50%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 1s 3s -67%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 1s 2s -50%
rej_eta 1s 5s -80%
shake128_finalize 1s 2s -50%
shake128_init 1s 6s -83%
unpack_pk_t1 1s 2s -50%
unpack_sk 1s 3s -67%

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 3777s 2151s +75.6%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 94s 19s +395%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 424s 55s +671%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 32s 3s +967%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 49s 6s +717%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 177s 42s +321%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 636s 97s +556%
Full Results (210 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** ⚠️ 3777s 2151s +75.6%
sign_verify_internal ⚠️ 636s 97s +556%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 516s 353s +46%
mld_attempt_signature_generation ⚠️ 424s 55s +671%
polyvec_matrix_expand 389s 324s +20%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 182s 144s +26%
sign_signature_internal ⚠️ 177s 42s +321%
mld_invntt_layer 138s 115s +20%
compute_pack_t0_t1 ⚠️ 94s 19s +395%
fqmul 53s 43s +23%
mld_ntt_layer 50s 45s +11%
sign_pk_from_sk ⚠️ 49s 6s +717%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 42s 38s +11%
sig_unpack_hints ⚠️ 32s 3s +967%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 27s 24s +12%
poly_ntt_c 26s 21s +24%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 23s 23s +0%
poly_chknorm_c 21s 15s +40%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 19s 12s +58%
polyeta_unpack 19s 17s +12%
polyt0_unpack 19s 14s +36%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 19s 18s +6%
rej_uniform_native_x86_64 19s - new
sign_keypair_internal 19s 6s +217%
rej_uniform_c 18s 19s -5%
rej_uniform 16s 15s +7%
poly_uniform_4x 15s 13s +15%
polyveck_decompose 14s 13s +8%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 13s 11s +18%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 10s 9s +11%
mld_compute_pack_z 10s 8s +25%
polyveck_ntt 10s 11s -9%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 9s 6s +50%
polyveck_caddq 9s 8s +12%
mld_sample_s1_s2 8s 6s +33%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 8s 6s +33%
poly_add 8s 6s +33%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 8s 9s -11%
sign_verify 8s 5s +60%
unpack_sk_t0hat 8s 7s +14%
keccak_absorb 7s 3s +133%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 7s 8s -12%
polyt1_unpack 7s 4s +75%
polyveck_chknorm 7s 3s +133%
polyvecl_ntt 7s 7s +0%
rej_eta_c 7s 5s +40%
rej_uniform_native 7s 8s -12%
sign_signature 7s 5s +40%
keccakf1600_permute 6s 3s +100%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 6s 7s -14%
polyt0_pack 6s 4s +50%
polyw1_pack_32 6s 4s +50%
shake128_finalize 6s 2s +200%
shake256x4_absorb_once 6s 2s +200%
sign_keypair 6s 4s +50%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 6s 6s +0%
sign_verify_extmu 6s 3s +100%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 5s 2s +150%
make_hint 5s 3s +67%
mld_check_pct 5s 16s -69%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 5s 4s +25%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 5s 3s +67%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 5s 3s +67%
mld_sign_finish 5s - new
montgomery_reduce 5s 3s +67%
ntt_native_x86_64 5s 2s +150%
pack_sig_c 5s 4s +25%
poly_caddq_c 5s 3s +67%
poly_caddq_native 5s 4s +25%
poly_challenge 5s 5s +0%
poly_decompose_c 5s 5s +0%
poly_ntt 5s 3s +67%
poly_use_hint_c 5s 2s +150%
polyeta_pack 5s 4s +25%
polyt1_pack 5s 3s +67%
polyvecl_unpack_z 5s 4s +25%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 5s 3s +67%
power2round 5s 4s +25%
rej_eta 5s 4s +25%
rej_eta_native 5s 6s -17%
shake128_release 5s 4s +25%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 5s 4s +25%
caddq 4s 4s +0%
fqscale 4s 3s +33%
intt_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 4s 1s +300%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 4s 4s +0%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 4s 3s +33%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 4s 3s +33%
mld_h 4s 3s +33%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 4s 2s +100%
mld_sign_attempt 4s - new
mld_sign_resume 4s - new
mld_value_barrier_i64 4s 1s +300%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 4s 3s +33%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
poly_chknorm_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_reduce 4s 2s +100%
poly_shiftl 4s 4s +0%
poly_uniform 4s 4s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 4s 3s +33%
poly_use_hint 4s 1s +300%
poly_use_hint_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
polyveck_pack_eta 4s 6s -33%
polyveck_unpack_eta 4s 4s +0%
polyvecl_chknorm 4s 7s -43%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 4s 3s +33%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 4s 2s +100%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 4s 5s -20%
polyw1_pack 4s 4s +0%
polyw1_pack_88 4s 3s +33%
polyz_unpack 4s 2s +100%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 4s 4s +0%
polyz_unpack_c 4s 3s +33%
polyz_unpack_native 4s 4s +0%
rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
rej_uniform_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
shake128_init 4s 1s +300%
shake256_absorb 4s 2s +100%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 4s +0%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 4s 5s -20%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 3s +33%
sys_check_capability 4s 3s +33%
unpack_sk 4s 5s -20%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 3s 1s +200%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 3s 3s +0%
keccak_finalize 3s 1s +200%
keccak_init 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 3s 3s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 3s 4s -25%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 3s 4s -25%
pack_sk_s1 3s 1s +200%
pointwise_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_chknorm_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 3s 5s -40%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 3s 3s +0%
poly_sub 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1 3s 4s -25%
poly_use_hint_native_x86_64 3s - new
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_pack_w1 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 5s -40%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 3s 4s -25%
polyz_pack 3s 5s -40%
polyz_unpack_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
shake128_squeeze 3s 2s +50%
shake256 3s 2s +50%
shake256_finalize 3s 2s +50%
shake256_release 3s 3s +0%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 3s 1s +200%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 3s 3s +0%
unpack_sk_s2hat 3s 3s +0%
decompose 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 4s -50%
keccak_squeeze 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_abs_i32 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_memcmp 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_sel_int32 2s 3s -33%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 2s 4s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u32 2s 2s +0%
ntt_native_aarch64 2s 6s -67%
pack_sig_h 2s 4s -50%
pack_sig_z 2s 5s -60%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 3s -33%
poly_chknorm 2s 3s -33%
poly_decompose 2s 3s -33%
poly_invntt_tomont 2s 1s +100%
poly_ntt_native 2s 3s -33%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 2s 5s -60%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 4s -50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 2s 5s -60%
poly_power2round 2s 3s -33%
polyveck_reduce 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_pack_eta 2s 3s -33%
reduce32 2s 3s -33%
rej_uniform_eta_native_x86_64 2s - new
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 3s -33%
shake256_init 2s 2s +0%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 2s 3s -33%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
unpack_pk_t1 2s 1s +100%
unpack_sk_s1hat 2s 2s +0%
use_hint 2s 3s -33%
yvec_get_poly 2s 4s -50%
yvec_init 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 1s 4s -75%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 1s 2s -50%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 1s 2s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u8 1s 3s -67%
poly_uniform_eta 1s 4s -75%
shake128_absorb 1s 4s -75%
shake128x4_absorb_once 1s 5s -80%
shake256_squeeze 1s 2s -50%

@bremoran
bremoran marked this pull request as ready for review July 28, 2026 15:57
Include OPT, the selected FIPS202 backend, and configurable test counts in the active build marker so changes to those inputs rebuild stale Zephyr binaries. Track the native assembly amalgamation and its direct development-source include as explicit dependencies, and allow QEMU execution timeouts to be overridden.

Signed-off-by: Brendan Moran <brendan.moran@arm.com>

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Mac Mini (M1, 2020) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 46508 cycles 46513 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 131107 cycles 131135 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 47332 cycles 47337 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 81725 cycles 81706 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 215525 cycles 215412 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 79336 cycles 79328 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 132437 cycles 132458 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 277496 cycles 277522 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 133590 cycles 133603 cycles 1.00

This comment was automatically generated by workflow using github-action-benchmark.

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Mac Mini (M1, 2020) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 112854 cycles 113111 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 401397 cycles 402435 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 119457 cycles 119734 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 192977 cycles 192965 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 650054 cycles 650025 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 193034 cycles 193034 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 keypair 318991 cycles 318942 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 828972 cycles 828891 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 321846 cycles 321789 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-A76 (Raspberry Pi 5) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 112171 cycles 112330 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 353453 cycles 353551 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 117256 cycles 117062 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 194268 cycles 194722 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 583812 cycles 583744 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 193154 cycles 192815 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 319972 cycles 320714 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 747761 cycles 747066 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 317817 cycles 318491 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-A76 (Raspberry Pi 5) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 211647 cycles 211728 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 758952 cycles 760109 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 228909 cycles 229502 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 375121 cycles 376008 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 1247459 cycles 1247901 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 371351 cycles 372060 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 600321 cycles 601421 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1584179 cycles 1584160 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 616037 cycles 617191 cycles 1.00

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Intel Xeon 4th gen (c7i)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 43392 cycles 43263 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 130045 cycles 130366 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 45214 cycles 45182 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 75858 cycles 75598 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 213603 cycles 213718 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 74435 cycles 74455 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 122992 cycles 123023 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 271057 cycles 271302 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 120694 cycles 120667 cycles 1.00

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Intel Xeon 4th gen (c7i) (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 91638 cycles 91783 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 350875 cycles 351152 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 99310 cycles 99373 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 154153 cycles 154245 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 570979 cycles 571358 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 160106 cycles 159962 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 255595 cycles 255684 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 721247 cycles 721581 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 264639 cycles 264500 cycles 1.00

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AMD EPYC 4th gen (c7a)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 46912 cycles 46815 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 140220 cycles 139083 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-44 verify 50177 cycles 49716 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-65 keypair 82954 cycles 82146 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-65 sign 229193 cycles 227761 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-65 verify 84942 cycles 81848 cycles 1.04
ML-DSA-87 keypair 131317 cycles 130894 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 285080 cycles 280929 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 verify 130131 cycles 129910 cycles 1.00

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⚠️ Performance Alert ⚠️

Possible performance regression was detected for benchmark 'AMD EPYC 4th gen (c7a)'.
Benchmark result of this commit is worse than the previous benchmark result exceeding threshold 1.03.

Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-65 verify 84942 cycles 81848 cycles 1.04

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Graviton5

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 51561 cycles 51554 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 162082 cycles 162116 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 54689 cycles 54683 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 90123 cycles 90128 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 267346 cycles 267370 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 89804 cycles 89787 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 145833 cycles 145945 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 336157 cycles 336126 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 145434 cycles 145433 cycles 1.00

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Graviton3

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 71577 cycles 71611 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 209180 cycles 209213 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 74891 cycles 74885 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 125973 cycles 125974 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 345386 cycles 345443 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 124117 cycles 124066 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 206131 cycles 206188 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 439573 cycles 439586 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 204619 cycles 204608 cycles 1.00

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Graviton3 (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 138507 cycles 138213 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 485764 cycles 485757 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 149249 cycles 149268 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 241614 cycles 241525 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 791757 cycles 791668 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 241535 cycles 241531 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 395319 cycles 395213 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1014300 cycles 1014034 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 404135 cycles 404022 cycles 1.00

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Graviton2

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 112425 cycles 112420 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 353839 cycles 353921 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 117190 cycles 117209 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 194756 cycles 194771 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 584015 cycles 584013 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 192993 cycles 193002 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 320858 cycles 322044 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 747201 cycles 750253 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 318607 cycles 319948 cycles 1.00

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Graviton2 (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 212324 cycles 212379 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 760952 cycles 761588 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 229894 cycles 230058 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 376865 cycles 376620 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 1251424 cycles 1248734 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 373154 cycles 372591 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 601328 cycles 601584 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1584529 cycles 1608263 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 617458 cycles 617795 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-A72 (Raspberry Pi 4) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: f4cf612 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 218141 cycles 215701 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-44 sign 599969 cycles 594374 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-44 verify 216942 cycles 214981 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-65 keypair 380296 cycles 378444 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 991970 cycles 978381 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-65 verify 364915 cycles 360940 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 keypair 640436 cycles 636245 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 sign 1326613 cycles 1316684 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 verify 620612 cycles 618556 cycles 1.00

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⚠️ Performance Alert ⚠️

Possible performance regression was detected for benchmark 'Arm Cortex-A72 (Raspberry Pi 4) benchmarks (opt)'.
Benchmark result of this commit is worse than the previous benchmark result exceeding threshold 1.03.

Benchmark suite Current: e979f85 Previous: f4cf612 Ratio
ML-DSA-65 verify 373100 cycles 360940 cycles 1.03

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Arm Cortex-A72 (Raspberry Pi 4) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: f4cf612 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 296972 cycles 301643 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-44 sign 1123840 cycles 1141890 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-44 verify 326177 cycles 331704 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-65 keypair 547501 cycles 547829 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 1860180 cycles 1866763 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 526610 cycles 529253 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 842689 cycles 850050 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 sign 2343362 cycles 2368120 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 871540 cycles 877810 cycles 0.99

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SpacemiT K1 8 (Banana Pi F3) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 760363 cycles 760547 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 3140312 cycles 3141975 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 859475 cycles 859659 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 1288909 cycles 1289672 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 5082499 cycles 5094204 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 1367852 cycles 1368660 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 2110619 cycles 2109927 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 6371152 cycles 6359962 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 2226580 cycles 2226328 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-M55 (NUCLEO-N657X0-Q) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 2129870 cycles 2328440 cycles 0.91
ML-DSA-44 sign 17851737 cycles 17851737 cycles 1
ML-DSA-44 verify 2398861 cycles 2398876 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 3731128 cycles 4025122 cycles 0.93
ML-DSA-65 sign 14793522 cycles 14793522 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 verify 4012814 cycles 4012792 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 6482838 cycles 6864887 cycles 0.94
ML-DSA-87 sign 24785143 cycles 24785157 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 6864412 cycles 6864412 cycles 1

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Arm Cortex-M55 (NUCLEO-N657X0-Q) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: 054cbd9 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 2328440 cycles 2328440 cycles 1
ML-DSA-44 sign 17851737 cycles 17851737 cycles 1
ML-DSA-44 verify 2398876 cycles 2398876 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 keypair 4025122 cycles 4025122 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 sign 14793522 cycles 14793522 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 verify 4012792 cycles 4012792 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 keypair 6864887 cycles 6864887 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 sign 24785157 cycles 24785157 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 verify 6864412 cycles 6864412 cycles 1

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Arm Cortex-A55 (Snapdragon 888) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: f4cf612 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 271840 cycles 271896 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 812569 cycles 812577 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 272459 cycles 273810 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 473077 cycles 465436 cycles 1.02
ML-DSA-65 sign 1377280 cycles 1340764 cycles 1.03
ML-DSA-65 verify 456763 cycles 453631 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 keypair 796635 cycles 798294 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1834256 cycles 1827503 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 776010 cycles 773667 cycles 1.00

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The benchmarks in CI are the same for OPT=1 and OPT=0 so something does not seem to be working correctly.

Could you look into that @bremoran as you are already touching the OPT=0/1 parts?

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Arm Cortex-A55 (Snapdragon 888) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: 5ee4dbb Previous: f4cf612 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 465352 cycles 466025 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 2141420 cycles 2142080 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 558987 cycles 558559 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 784185 cycles 784222 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 3486212 cycles 3496946 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 867563 cycles 867603 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 1274348 cycles 1269447 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 4360898 cycles 4335969 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 verify 1398209 cycles 1393383 cycles 1.00

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Signed-off-by: Brendan Moran <brendan.moran@arm.com>
@bremoran
bremoran force-pushed the enable-zephyr-abicheck branch from d730a9b to 5ee4dbb Compare August 3, 2026 06:30
@bremoran

bremoran commented Aug 4, 2026

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The benchmarks in CI are the same for OPT=1 and OPT=0 so something does not seem to be working correctly.

Could you look into that @bremoran as you are already touching the OPT=0/1 parts?

This is demonstrated resolved in PR #1277, which is rebased on top of #1318:
Here is the benchmark with OPT=1: #1277 (review)

Benchmark suite Current: 91039f7 Previous: 27aebe7 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 1690331 cycles 2328440 cycles 0.73
ML-DSA-44 sign 13600033 cycles 17851737 cycles 0.76
ML-DSA-44 verify 1806518 cycles 2398876 cycles 0.75
ML-DSA-65 keypair 2895358 cycles 4025122 cycles 0.72
ML-DSA-65 sign 11228232 cycles 14793522 cycles 0.76
ML-DSA-65 verify 2973684 cycles 4012792 cycles 0.74
ML-DSA-87 keypair 4888795 cycles 6864887 cycles 0.71
ML-DSA-87 sign 18455928 cycles 24785157 cycles 0.74
ML-DSA-87 verify 5009804 cycles 6864412 cycles 0.73

Here is the benchmark with OPT=0: #1277 (review)

Benchmark suite Current: 91039f7 Previous: 27aebe7 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 2328440 cycles 2328440 cycles 1
ML-DSA-44 sign 17851737 cycles 17851737 cycles 1
ML-DSA-44 verify 2398876 cycles 2398876 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 keypair 4025122 cycles 4025122 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 sign 14793522 cycles 14793522 cycles 1
ML-DSA-65 verify 4012792 cycles 4012792 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 keypair 6864887 cycles 6864887 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 sign 24785157 cycles 24785157 cycles 1
ML-DSA-87 verify 6864412 cycles 6864412 cycles 1

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Thanks @bremoran. The core of the PR looks good.
Could you slightly clean up the abicheck.c for consistency with the other tests?

Comment thread test/abicheck/abicheck.c Outdated
@mkannwischer mkannwischer added this to the v2.1 milestone Aug 6, 2026
Signed-off-by: Brendan Moran <brendan.moran@arm.com>
@bremoran

bremoran commented Aug 6, 2026

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Thanks @bremoran. The core of the PR looks good. Could you slightly clean up the abicheck.c for consistency with the other tests?

Hi @mkannwischer thank you for your review. I have pushed an update to address your comments.

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Thanks. LGTM.

I prefer to wait with the merge until after v2 has been released (which should be very shortly).

@mkannwischer
mkannwischer added this pull request to the merge queue Aug 7, 2026
Any commits made after this event will not be merged.
@github-merge-queue
github-merge-queue Bot removed this pull request from the merge queue due to failed status checks Aug 7, 2026
@mkannwischer
mkannwischer added this pull request to the merge queue Aug 7, 2026
Any commits made after this event will not be merged.
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