Enhance definitions of point operations and transformations

[Martinioini]

Clarified logarithmic and power-law transformations with additional constants in the equations.

Description

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Checklist

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• I used the custom \qa{Question}{Answer} command.
• I did not modify main.tex (unless I am explicitly adding a completely new lecture file).
• I am reasonably sure my LaTeX syntax is correct (watch out for unescaped characters like %, _, or &!).
• The content is relevant to our Computer Vision course.

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