A Python-based simulation of the Banker's Algorithm used in Operating Systems for deadlock avoidance.
This project implements the algorithm step-by-step and generates multiple visualizations to demonstrate how resources are allocated and released during safe execution.
The program calculates the Need Matrix, checks whether the system is in a Safe State, determines the Safe Sequence, and generates graphical outputs using Matplotlib.
The goal of this project is to simulate how an operating system avoids deadlocks using the Banker's Algorithm.
The program evaluates whether processes can safely execute based on available resources and maximum resource requirements.
The simulation also provides visual insights into resource allocation and system safety using graphs.
- Python 3
- NumPy
- Matplotlib
- VS Code
bankers-algorithm-simulation/ │ ├── main.py # Runs the program ├── bankers_algorithm.py # Core Banker’s Algorithm logic ├── visualization.py # Graph generation functions ├── graphs/ # Generated output graphs │ ├── README.md └── requirements.txt (optional)
Banker's Algorithm determines whether the system is in a safe state by checking if there exists a sequence of processes such that each process can finish execution without causing a deadlock.
The algorithm uses the following matrices:
Resources currently allocated to each process.
Maximum resources each process may require.
Need = Maximum - Allocation
Resources currently available in the system.
The algorithm simulates process execution and checks if a safe sequence exists.
The program prints:
- Maximum Resource Matrix
- Allocation Matrix
- Need Matrix
- Available Resources
- Safe Sequence
- Safe / Unsafe system state
Example output: System is in SAFE state Safe sequence: P1 P3 P4 P0 P2
Graphs generated successfully in 'graphs' folder.
The program automatically generates the following graphs inside the graphs/ folder.
Shows how resources are distributed among processes.
Visual representation of resources still required by processes.
Displays maximum possible resource demand.
Shows the order in which processes safely execute.
Demonstrates how available resources change after each process execution.
pip install numpy matplotlib
python main.py
Graphs will be generated automatically in the graphs/ folder.
Processes: 5
Resources: 3
Allocation Matrix: P0: 0 1 0 P1: 2 0 0 P2: 3 0 2 P3: 2 1 1 P4: 0 0 2
Maximum Matrix: P0: 7 5 3 P1: 3 2 2 P2: 9 0 2 P3: 2 2 2 P4: 4 3 3
Available Resources: [3,3,2]
- Implementation of Banker's Deadlock Avoidance Algorithm
- Safe state detection
- Safe sequence generation
- Matrix calculations using NumPy
- Multiple Matplotlib visualizations
- Automatic graph export
This project is designed for Operating System coursework and practical demonstrations.
It helps visualize how operating systems manage resources safely and prevent deadlocks.
Krishna
B.Tech Computer Science Engineering
Operating Systems Project