ForestSense

Wireless forest sensor system using FSO (Free Space Optical / Laser) communication. Transmitter node collects environmental data and sends it over a laser link to a receiver node.

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System Architecture

Block Diagram	Prototype

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How It Works

Transmitter reads sensors every 5 seconds and sends a CSV packet over UART → FSO transceiver:

temperature,humidity,soilMoisture,irState,objectCount,uptime_ms

Receiver parses the incoming packet and prints it to the control center over UART.

Sensor	Pin	Data
DHT11 (Temp & Humidity)	A0 (PC0)	°C and %
Soil Moisture	A1 (ADC1)	0–1023
IR Movement	D2 (PD2)	0/1 + hourly count

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Pin Map

Transmitter

Signal	Arduino Pin	AVR Pin
DHT11 Data	A0	PC0
Soil Moisture	A1	PC1 / ADC1
IR Sensor	D2	PD2
UART TX (to FSO)	D1	PD1

Receiver

Signal	Arduino Pin	AVR Pin
UART RX (from FSO)	D0	PD0
UART TX (to PC)	D1	PD1

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Flash the Firmware

Install toolchain (Ubuntu):

sudo apt install gcc-avr avr-libc avrdude

Transmitter:

cd transmitter
make
make flash

Receiver:

cd receiver
make
make flash

Change PROGRAMMER and PORT in each Makefile as needed.

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UART Output

Transmitter (debug monitor):

Sensors Data Transfer

Object detected!
Data transmitted:
27,65,430,1,3,15000

Receiver:

ForestSense Receiver Ready
---- Received Data ----
Temperature  : 27 C
Humidity     : 65 %
Soil Moisture: 430
IR State     : 1
Object Count : 3
Uptime (ms)  : 15000
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