diff --git a/src/cargo/core/package.rs b/src/cargo/core/package.rs
index e0f0e5f96cf..917a844f353 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/package.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/package.rs
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ impl<'gctx> PackageSet<'gctx> {
         root_ids: &[PackageId],
         has_dev_units: HasDevUnits,
         requested_kinds: &[CompileKind],
-        target_data: &RustcTargetData<'gctx>,
+        target_data: &mut RustcTargetData<'gctx>,
         force_all_targets: ForceAllTargets,
     ) -> CargoResult<()> {
         fn collect_used_deps(
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ impl<'gctx> PackageSet<'gctx> {
             pkg_id: PackageId,
             has_dev_units: HasDevUnits,
             requested_kind: CompileKind,
-            target_data: &RustcTargetData<'_>,
+            target_data: &mut RustcTargetData<'_>,
             force_all_targets: ForceAllTargets,
         ) -> CargoResult<()> {
             if !used.insert((pkg_id, requested_kind)) {
@@ -645,29 +645,45 @@ impl<'gctx> PackageSet<'gctx> {
                 requested_kinds,
                 target_data,
                 force_all_targets,
-            );
-            for (pkg_id, deps) in filtered_deps {
+            )
+            .map(|(dep_pkg_id, deps)| {
+                let artifact_kinds = deps
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|dep| {
+                        Some((
+                            dep.artifact()?
+                                .target()?
+                                .to_resolved_compile_kind(requested_kind),
+                            dep.name_in_toml(),
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                (dep_pkg_id, artifact_kinds)
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            for (dep_pkg_id, deps) in filtered_deps {
                 collect_used_deps(
                     used,
                     resolve,
-                    pkg_id,
+                    dep_pkg_id,
                     has_dev_units,
                     requested_kind,
                     target_data,
                     force_all_targets,
                 )?;
-                let artifact_kinds = deps.iter().filter_map(|dep| {
-                    Some(
-                        dep.artifact()?
-                            .target()?
-                            .to_resolved_compile_kind(*requested_kinds.iter().next().unwrap()),
-                    )
-                });
-                for artifact_kind in artifact_kinds {
+                for (artifact_kind, dep_name) in deps {
+                    let target_name = target_data.short_name(&artifact_kind).to_owned();
+                    target_data.merge_compile_kind(artifact_kind).with_context(|| {
+                        format!(
+                            "failed to determine target information for target `{target_name}`.\n  \
+                             Artifact dependency `{dep_name}` in package `{pkg_id}` requires \
+                             building for `{target_name}`"
+                        )
+                    })?;
                     collect_used_deps(
                         used,
                         resolve,
-                        pkg_id,
+                        dep_pkg_id,
                         has_dev_units,
                         artifact_kind,
                         target_data,
@@ -678,6 +694,14 @@ impl<'gctx> PackageSet<'gctx> {
             Ok(())
         }
 
+        let default_kinds;
+        let requested_kinds = if requested_kinds.is_empty() {
+            default_kinds = [CompileKind::Host];
+            &default_kinds
+        } else {
+            requested_kinds
+        };
+
         // This is sorted by PackageId to get consistent behavior and error
         // messages for Cargo's testsuite. Perhaps there is a better ordering
         // that optimizes download time?
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/artifact_dep.rs b/tests/testsuite/artifact_dep.rs
index db28f921e59..622fca2a692 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/artifact_dep.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/artifact_dep.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use cargo_test_support::compare::assert_e2e;
 use cargo_test_support::registry::{Package, RegistryBuilder};
 use cargo_test_support::str;
 use cargo_test_support::{
-    Project, basic_bin_manifest, basic_manifest, cross_compile, project, publish, registry,
+    Project, basic_bin_manifest, basic_manifest, cross_compile, git, project, publish, registry,
     rustc_host,
 };
 
@@ -3318,6 +3318,87 @@ Caused by:
         .run();
 }
 
+#[cargo_test]
+fn transitive_build_script_artifact_dependency_with_valid_target_does_not_panic() {
+    if cross_compile_disabled() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let target = cross_compile::alternate();
+    let fdb = git::new("fdb", |project| {
+        project
+            .file(
+                "Cargo.toml",
+                &format!(
+                    r#"
+                        [package]
+                        name = "fdb"
+                        version = "0.0.0"
+                        edition = "2015"
+                        build = "build.rs"
+
+                        [dependencies]
+                        redux_helper32 = {{ path = "redux_helper32/" }}
+
+                        [build-dependencies]
+                        redux_helper32 = {{ path = "redux_helper32/", artifact = "bin", target = "{target}" }}
+                    "#,
+                ),
+            )
+            .file("src/lib.rs", "")
+            .file(
+                "build.rs",
+                r#"fn main() {
+                    let bin = std::env::var_os("CARGO_BIN_FILE_REDUX_HELPER32").unwrap();
+                    assert!(std::path::PathBuf::from(bin).exists());
+                }"#,
+            )
+            .file(
+                "redux_helper32/Cargo.toml",
+                r#"
+                    [package]
+                    name = "redux_helper32"
+                    version = "0.0.0"
+                    edition = "2015"
+                "#,
+            )
+            .file("redux_helper32/src/lib.rs", "")
+            .file("redux_helper32/src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+    });
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            &format!(
+                r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [dependencies]
+                fdb = {{ git = '{}' }}
+            "#,
+                fdb.url()
+            ),
+        )
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -Z bindeps")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["bindeps"])
+        .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
+[UPDATING] git repository `[ROOTURL]/fdb`
+[LOCKING] 2 packages to latest compatible versions
+[COMPILING] redux_helper32 v0.0.0 ([ROOTURL]/fdb#[..])
+[COMPILING] fdb v0.0.0 ([ROOTURL]/fdb#[..])
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.0 ([ROOT]/foo)
+[FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
+
+"#]])
+        .with_status(0)
+        .run();
+}
+
 #[cargo_test]
 fn build_only_specified_artifact_library() {
     // Create a project with: