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Security

Defense-in-depth across build, supply chain, admission, runtime, and secrets.

Layers at a glance

Stage Control Where
Source Secret scanning (Gitleaks), SAST + Quality Gate (SonarCloud) CI
Build Image vuln scan (Trivy), IaC scan (Checkov) CI
Supply chain Cosign keyless signing; Kyverno signature verification CI + admission
Admission Kyverno ClusterPolicies policy-system
Runtime Pod Security Standards, securityContext, NetworkPolicy, RBAC app namespaces
Secrets External Secrets Operator + AWS Secrets Manager EKS

Container hardening (Phase 3 + 6)

  • Dockerfile: multi-stage, non-root appuser (uid 1001), minimal oven/bun:1-slim, no secrets baked in.
  • Manifest securityContext (backend deployments — base + blue + green):
    • pod: runAsNonRoot, runAsUser/Group: 1001, fsGroup: 1001, seccompProfile: RuntimeDefault
    • container: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false, readOnlyRootFilesystem: true, capabilities.drop: [ALL]
    • writable /tmp via emptyDir (compatible with read-only root fs)
    • automountServiceAccountToken: false

Verified on the live pod:

Pod securityContext hardened

Pod Security Standards

Namespace labels (k8s/namespaces/namespaces.yaml): enforce baseline, audit/warn restricted on dev, staging, production. Baseline is enforced (not restricted) because in-namespace postgres/redis need writable filesystems; the backend app independently meets the restricted bar via its securityContext. For a production runtime, prefer managed RDS/ElastiCache and enforce restricted.

Kyverno policies (k8s/kyverno/policies/)

Policy Mode
disallow-privileged-containers Enforce (all app ns)
require-resource-limits Enforce
require-run-as-non-root Enforce (staging/prod), Audit (dev)
disallow-latest-tag Enforce (staging/prod)
require-securitycontext Enforce (prod), Audit (dev/staging)
verify-image-signatures Enforce (staging/prod)

Install + demo: ../k8s/kyverno/install-notes.md.

Enforcement in action — a violating pod rejected at admission:

Kyverno policy enforcement

Supply chain — Cosign

CI signs every pushed image keylessly via GitHub Actions OIDC (Sigstore/Fulcio), recording the signature in the Rekor transparency log. Kyverno verify-image-signatures admits only images whose signature matches the expected workflow identity (.github/workflows/ci.yaml@refs/heads/main). This blocks unsigned or tampered images from running.

cosign verify \
  --certificate-identity-regexp 'https://github.com/mck21/devsecops-platform/.*' \
  --certificate-oidc-issuer https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com \
  125156866917.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/mck21-devsecops-staging-backend:<sha>

Network policies

Default-deny ingress per app namespace, plus explicit allows: ingress-nginx → backend:3000, monitoring → backend:3000 (scrape), backend → postgres:5432 / redis:6379, and DNS + Istiod egress. See k8s/security/network-policies.yaml.

NetworkPolicies and RBAC applied

RBAC

Least-privilege: cluster-wide read-only platform-readonly for auditors; namespaced app-developer (read/write on dev, read-only on staging/production — prod changes go through GitOps only). Subjects are groups mapped from AWS IAM / OIDC. See k8s/security/rbac.yaml.

Secrets management

Env Backend
dev (Minikube) local secret.yaml template (never real values)
staging/production (EKS) AWS Secrets Manager via External Secrets Operator (IRSA)

See ../k8s/external-secrets/install-notes.md.

CI security scans

ci.yaml (Trivy, build) plus the documented Phase 4 scanners (Gitleaks, Checkov, OWASP Dependency Check) and the SonarCloud Quality Gate with security hotspots. See sonarqube.md.