diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ce65cae..f0ba6ab 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Run the same discovery locally with an explicit date:
 bun run history:news:pull -- --as-of 2026-08-20 --json-out /tmp/stripe-news.json --markdown-out /tmp/stripe-news.md
 ```
 
-The manual [leadership appearance backfill](./.github/workflows/appearance-backfill.yml) searches one bounded calendar window at a time from 2009 onward and uploads a review artifact. It does not edit public data or open issues. A reviewer can normalize a completed run into the public, nonindexable [appearance backfill queue](https://stripehistory.com/appearances/backfill); candidates remain separate from the reviewed appearance corpus until full source review. The same window can be inspected locally:
+The manual [leadership appearance backfill](./.github/workflows/appearance-backfill.yml) searches one bounded calendar window at a time from 2009 onward and uploads a private review artifact. It does not edit public data or open issues. Reviewers deduplicate the artifact, capture the retained sources, and merge only evidence-backed records into the main [leadership appearances](https://stripehistory.com/appearances) catalog. The same window can be inspected locally:
 
 ```sh
 bun run history:news:pull -- --from 2020-01-01 --as-of 2020-12-31 --monitor exa-stripe-leadership-appearances --json-out /tmp/stripe-appearances-2020.json --markdown-out /tmp/stripe-appearances-2020.md
diff --git a/app/appearances/backfill/page.test.tsx b/app/appearances/backfill/page.test.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index ad0cdb0..0000000
--- a/app/appearances/backfill/page.test.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import { renderToStaticMarkup } from "react-dom/server";
-
-import AppearanceBackfillPage, { metadata } from "./page";
-
-describe("leadership appearance backfill page", () => {
-  test("keeps unreviewed discovery results public but out of search results", () => {
-    expect(metadata).toMatchObject({
-      alternates: { canonical: "/appearances/backfill" },
-      robots: { follow: true, index: false },
-      title: "Leadership Appearance Backfill",
-    });
-  });
-
-  test("renders the complete normalized review queue with provenance", async () => {
-    const html = renderToStaticMarkup(await AppearanceBackfillPage());
-
-    expect(html).toContain('<h1 id="appearance-backfill-heading">Leadership Appearance Backfill</h1>');
-    expect(html).toContain("31 candidates");
-    expect(html).toContain("47 raw hits");
-    expect(html).toContain("not accepted historical records");
-    expect(html.match(/source review needed/gu)).toHaveLength(31);
-    expect(html).toContain('href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgYiF86h0yU"');
-    expect(html).toContain('href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_4emS6D4og"');
-    expect(html).toContain(
-      'href="https://github.com/hraness/stripe-history/actions/runs/32265726670"',
-    );
-    expect(html).not.toContain("OpenAI Co-founder Greg Brockman");
-  });
-});
diff --git a/app/appearances/backfill/page.tsx b/app/appearances/backfill/page.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index f2ccac0..0000000
--- a/app/appearances/backfill/page.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  loadAppearanceBackfill,
-  type AppearanceBackfill,
-} from "@/lib/appearance-backfill";
-import type { Metadata } from "next";
-import Link from "next/link";
-
-import { SiteFooter } from "../../site-footer";
-import { SiteHeader } from "../../site-header";
-import { site, socialMetadata } from "../../site";
-
-const title = "Leadership Appearance Backfill";
-const description =
-  "A public review queue of historical Stripe founder and executive podcast, interview, talk, and testimony candidates discovered through bounded Exa search.";
-
-export const dynamic = "force-static";
-
-export const metadata: Metadata = {
-  title,
-  description,
-  alternates: { canonical: "/appearances/backfill" },
-  robots: { follow: true, index: false },
-  ...socialMetadata(`${title} | ${site.domain}`, description, "/appearances/backfill"),
-};
-
-export default async function AppearanceBackfillPage() {
-  const backfill = await loadAppearanceBackfill();
-  const candidatesByYear = new Map<
-    string,
-    AppearanceBackfill["candidates"][number][]
-  >();
-  for (const candidate of backfill.candidates) {
-    const year = candidate.published_at.slice(0, 4);
-    const candidates = candidatesByYear.get(year) ?? [];
-    candidates.push(candidate);
-    candidatesByYear.set(year, candidates);
-  }
-
-  return (
-    <main className="plain-page stripe-history-main stripe-history-appearances-page" id="main-content">
-      <SiteHeader appearancesSelected />
-      <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" className="stripe-history-breadcrumbs">
-        <Link href="/">history</Link>
-        <span aria-hidden="true"> / </span>
-        <Link href="/appearances">appearances</Link>
-        <span aria-hidden="true"> / </span>
-        <span>backfill</span>
-      </nav>
-      <section aria-labelledby="appearance-backfill-heading" className="stripe-history-section">
-        <div className="stripe-history-section-heading">
-          <h1 id="appearance-backfill-heading">{title}</h1>
-          <span>{backfill.candidates.length} candidates</span>
-        </div>
-        <div className="stripe-history-backfill-intro">
-          <p>{description}</p>
-          <p>
-            These links are discovery results, not accepted historical records.
-            Each one still needs canonical deduplication, complete source capture,
-            role verification, and transcript-grounded editorial review before it
-            can join the <Link href="/appearances">reviewed appearances</Link>.
-          </p>
-          <p>
-            The <a href={backfill.workflow_run}>successful backfill run</a> searched
-            {" "}{backfill.review_window.from.slice(0, 4)} through{" "}
-            {backfill.review_window.through.slice(0, 4)} and returned{" "}
-            {backfill.counts.raw_hits} raw hits. Review collapsed{" "}
-            {backfill.counts.duplicate_variants} duplicate source variants, matched{" "}
-            {backfill.counts.already_reviewed_variants} variants to existing records,
-            and excluded {backfill.counts.excluded_hits} unrelated hits.
-          </p>
-        </div>
-        <div className="stripe-history-backfill-years">
-          {[...candidatesByYear.entries()].map(([year, candidates]) => (
-            <section aria-labelledby={`backfill-${year}`} key={year}>
-              <div className="stripe-history-section-heading">
-                <h2 id={`backfill-${year}`}>{year}</h2>
-                <span>{candidates.length}</span>
-              </div>
-              <ol className="stripe-history-backfill-list">
-                {candidates.map((candidate) => (
-                  <li key={candidate.url}>
-                    <article>
-                      <p className="stripe-history-appearance-kicker">
-                        <time dateTime={candidate.published_at}>{candidate.published_at}</time>
-                        <span>source review needed</span>
-                      </p>
-                      <h3><a href={candidate.url}>{candidate.title}</a></h3>
-                      <p className="stripe-history-appearance-participants">
-                        {candidate.participants.join(" · ")}
-                      </p>
-                      <p className="stripe-history-backfill-source">
-                        {new URL(candidate.url).hostname}
-                      </p>
-                    </article>
-                  </li>
-                ))}
-              </ol>
-            </section>
-          ))}
-        </div>
-      </section>
-      <SiteFooter />
-    </main>
-  );
-}
diff --git a/app/appearances/page.test.tsx b/app/appearances/page.test.tsx
index e8cf2e7..906e968 100644
--- a/app/appearances/page.test.tsx
+++ b/app/appearances/page.test.tsx
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ describe("Stripe leadership appearances", () => {
     expect(html).toContain('"@type":"CollectionPage"');
     expect(html).toContain('"@type":"PodcastEpisode"');
     expect(html).toContain('"@type":"VideoObject"');
-    expect(html).toContain('href="/appearances/backfill"');
-    expect(html).toContain("Review 31 historical appearance candidates");
+    expect(html).not.toContain('href="/appearances/backfill"');
   });
 });
diff --git a/app/appearances/page.tsx b/app/appearances/page.tsx
index aa1229e..26f04ff 100644
--- a/app/appearances/page.tsx
+++ b/app/appearances/page.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { loadHistory } from "@/lib/content";
-import { loadAppearanceBackfill } from "@/lib/appearance-backfill";
 import { JsonLdScript } from "@hraness/web-discovery/json-ld";
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import Link from "next/link";
@@ -30,10 +29,7 @@ function durationLabel(seconds: number | undefined): string | null {
 }
 
 export default async function AppearancesPage() {
-  const [history, backfill] = await Promise.all([
-    loadHistory(),
-    loadAppearanceBackfill(),
-  ]);
+  const history = await loadHistory();
   const sourceById = new Map(history.sources.map((source) => [source.id, source]));
 
   return (
@@ -60,12 +56,6 @@ export default async function AppearancesPage() {
           <span>{history.appearances.length} reviewed</span>
         </div>
         <p className="stripe-history-appearances-intro">{description}</p>
-        <p className="stripe-history-appearances-intro">
-          <Link href="/appearances/backfill">
-            Review {backfill.candidates.length} historical appearance candidates
-          </Link>{" "}
-          from the public 2009–2026 leadership backfill.
-        </p>
         <ol className="stripe-history-appearance-list">
           {history.appearances.map((appearance) => {
             const sources = appearance.source_ids.flatMap((sourceId) => {
diff --git a/app/data/page.test.tsx b/app/data/page.test.tsx
index c53ac48..0017868 100644
--- a/app/data/page.test.tsx
+++ b/app/data/page.test.tsx
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ describe("Stripe company history dataset", () => {
     expect(html).toContain('href="/research/sources.yml"');
     expect(html).toContain('href="/research/valuations.yml"');
     expect(html).toContain('href="/research/appearances.yml"');
-    expect(html).toContain('href="/appearances/backfill"');
-    expect(html).toContain('href="/research/appearance-backfill.yml"');
-    expect(html).toContain("31 candidates");
+    expect(html).not.toContain('href="/appearances/backfill"');
+    expect(html).not.toContain('href="/research/appearance-backfill.yml"');
     expect(html).toContain('href="/research/collections.yml"');
     expect(html).toContain('href="/research/runs.yml"');
     expect(html).toContain(`${history.sources.length} canonical sources`);
diff --git a/app/data/page.tsx b/app/data/page.tsx
index 26005c0..3bacf7f 100644
--- a/app/data/page.tsx
+++ b/app/data/page.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { loadHistory } from "@/lib/content";
-import { loadAppearanceBackfill } from "@/lib/appearance-backfill";
 import { JsonLdScript } from "@hraness/web-discovery/json-ld";
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import Link from "next/link";
@@ -24,10 +23,7 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
 };
 
 export default async function DataPage() {
-  const [history, appearanceBackfill] = await Promise.all([
-    loadHistory(),
-    loadAppearanceBackfill(),
-  ]);
+  const history = await loadHistory();
   const countByCategory = new Map(
     history.categories.map(({ id }) => [
       id,
@@ -170,11 +166,6 @@ export default async function DataPage() {
               <a href="/research/appearances.yml">YAML</a> ·{" "}
               {history.appearances.length} appearances
             </li>
-            <li>
-              <Link href="/appearances/backfill">appearance backfill queue</Link> ·{" "}
-              <a href="/research/appearance-backfill.yml">YAML</a> ·{" "}
-              {appearanceBackfill.candidates.length} candidates
-            </li>
             <li>
               <a href="/research/collections.yml">research collections YAML</a>
             </li>
diff --git a/app/globals.css b/app/globals.css
index 46f725f..266ec77 100644
--- a/app/globals.css
+++ b/app/globals.css
@@ -291,59 +291,6 @@
   text-align: end;
 }
 
-.stripe-history-backfill-intro {
-  color: var(--plain-muted);
-  display: grid;
-  gap: 0.7rem;
-  margin-bottom: 2rem;
-  max-width: 42rem;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-intro p,
-.stripe-history-backfill-list h3,
-.stripe-history-backfill-list p {
-  margin: 0;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-years {
-  display: grid;
-  gap: 2rem;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-years > section > .stripe-history-section-heading {
-  border-top: 2px solid var(--plain-foreground);
-  margin-bottom: 0;
-  padding-top: 0.5rem;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-list {
-  list-style: none;
-  margin: 0;
-  padding: 0;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-list > li {
-  border-top: 1px solid var(--plain-line);
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-list article {
-  padding-block: 0.85rem 1rem;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-list h3 {
-  font-family: var(--font-heading);
-  font-size: var(--text-label);
-  line-height: 1.35;
-  margin-top: 0.25rem;
-}
-
-.stripe-history-backfill-list .stripe-history-appearance-participants,
-.stripe-history-backfill-source {
-  color: var(--plain-muted);
-  font-size: var(--text-caption);
-  margin-top: 0.3rem;
-}
-
 .stripe-history-state button {
   background: var(--plain-foreground);
   border: 1px solid var(--plain-foreground);
diff --git a/lib/appearance-backfill.test.ts b/lib/appearance-backfill.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 558b71e..0000000
--- a/lib/appearance-backfill.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
-import { join } from "node:path";
-
-import { parse } from "yaml";
-
-import {
-  AppearanceBackfillFileSchema,
-  loadAppearanceBackfill,
-} from "./appearance-backfill";
-
-describe("leadership appearance backfill", () => {
-  test("accounts for every raw discovery hit without promoting candidates", async () => {
-    const backfill = await loadAppearanceBackfill();
-
-    expect(backfill.counts).toEqual({
-      already_reviewed_variants: 9,
-      duplicate_variants: 5,
-      excluded_hits: 2,
-      raw_hits: 47,
-    });
-    expect(backfill.candidates).toHaveLength(31);
-    expect(backfill.candidates.every(({ review_status: status }) =>
-      status === "source-review-needed")).toBe(true);
-    expect(backfill.candidates[0]?.published_at).toBe("2026-05-21");
-    expect(backfill.candidates.at(-1)?.published_at).toBe("2013-08-13");
-  });
-
-  test("rejects incomplete hit accounting", async () => {
-    const value = parse(await readFile(join(
-      process.cwd(),
-      "public",
-      "research",
-      "appearance-backfill.yml",
-    ), "utf8")) as Record<string, unknown>;
-    const counts = value.counts as Record<string, unknown>;
-    counts.raw_hits = 48;
-
-    expect(() => AppearanceBackfillFileSchema.parse(value)).toThrow(
-      "Backfill accounting covers 47 of 48 raw hits",
-    );
-  });
-});
diff --git a/lib/appearance-backfill.ts b/lib/appearance-backfill.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 55e3ccd..0000000
--- a/lib/appearance-backfill.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
-import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
-
-import { parse } from "yaml";
-import { z } from "zod";
-
-import { CompactTextSchema, HttpsUrlSchema, PartialDateSchema } from "./history-schema";
-
-export const STRIPE_HISTORY_APPEARANCE_BACKFILL_SCHEMA_VERSION =
-  "stripe-history/appearance-backfill/v1" as const;
-
-const ExactDateSchema = PartialDateSchema.refine(
-  (value) => value.length === 10,
-  "Backfill dates must include year, month, and day",
-);
-
-const AppearanceBackfillCandidateSchema = z.strictObject({
-  participants: z.array(CompactTextSchema.max(100)).min(1).max(2),
-  published_at: ExactDateSchema,
-  review_status: z.literal("source-review-needed"),
-  title: CompactTextSchema.max(240),
-  url: HttpsUrlSchema,
-});
-
-export const AppearanceBackfillFileSchema = z.strictObject({
-  candidates: z.array(AppearanceBackfillCandidateSchema).min(1).max(100),
-  completed_at: z.iso.datetime({ offset: true }),
-  counts: z.strictObject({
-    already_reviewed_variants: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    duplicate_variants: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    excluded_hits: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    raw_hits: z.number().int().positive(),
-  }),
-  monitor_id: z.literal("exa-stripe-leadership-appearances"),
-  review_window: z.strictObject({
-    from: ExactDateSchema,
-    through: ExactDateSchema,
-  }),
-  schema: z.literal(STRIPE_HISTORY_APPEARANCE_BACKFILL_SCHEMA_VERSION),
-  workflow_run: HttpsUrlSchema,
-}).superRefine((file, context) => {
-  if (file.review_window.from > file.review_window.through) {
-    context.addIssue({
-      code: "custom",
-      message: "Backfill review window must be ordered",
-      path: ["review_window"],
-    });
-  }
-  const accountedHits = file.candidates.length
-    + file.counts.already_reviewed_variants
-    + file.counts.duplicate_variants
-    + file.counts.excluded_hits;
-  if (accountedHits !== file.counts.raw_hits) {
-    context.addIssue({
-      code: "custom",
-      message: `Backfill accounting covers ${accountedHits} of ${file.counts.raw_hits} raw hits`,
-      path: ["counts"],
-    });
-  }
-  const urls = new Set<string>();
-  for (const [index, candidate] of file.candidates.entries()) {
-    if (
-      candidate.published_at < file.review_window.from
-      || candidate.published_at > file.review_window.through
-    ) {
-      context.addIssue({
-        code: "custom",
-        message: "Candidate date falls outside the reviewed window",
-        path: ["candidates", index, "published_at"],
-      });
-    }
-    if (urls.has(candidate.url)) {
-      context.addIssue({
-        code: "custom",
-        message: "Candidate URLs must be unique",
-        path: ["candidates", index, "url"],
-      });
-    }
-    urls.add(candidate.url);
-    const previous = file.candidates[index - 1];
-    if (
-      previous !== undefined
-      && (
-        previous.published_at < candidate.published_at
-        || (
-          previous.published_at === candidate.published_at
-          && previous.title.localeCompare(candidate.title) > 0
-        )
-      )
-    ) {
-      context.addIssue({
-        code: "custom",
-        message: "Candidates must be reverse chronological, then title ordered",
-        path: ["candidates", index],
-      });
-    }
-  }
-});
-
-export type AppearanceBackfill = z.infer<typeof AppearanceBackfillFileSchema>;
-
-const PROJECT_DIRECTORY = dirname(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)));
-const DEFAULT_PATH = join(
-  PROJECT_DIRECTORY,
-  "public",
-  "research",
-  "appearance-backfill.yml",
-);
-
-export async function loadAppearanceBackfill(
-  path = DEFAULT_PATH,
-): Promise<AppearanceBackfill> {
-  return AppearanceBackfillFileSchema.parse(parse(await readFile(path, "utf8")) as unknown);
-}
diff --git a/lib/research-schema.ts b/lib/research-schema.ts
index 65aa6e3..48e2bad 100644
--- a/lib/research-schema.ts
+++ b/lib/research-schema.ts
@@ -800,6 +800,33 @@ const ResearchCandidateDecisionSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("disposition", [
   }),
 ]);
 
+const researchBackfillDecisionBase = {
+  candidate_id: z.string().regex(/^candidate-[a-f0-9]{20}$/u),
+  candidate_url: HttpsUrlSchema,
+  native_id: CompactTextSchema.max(160).optional(),
+  reason: CompactTextSchema,
+} as const;
+
+const ResearchBackfillDecisionSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("disposition", [
+  z.strictObject({
+    ...researchBackfillDecisionBase,
+    disposition: z.literal("accepted"),
+    evidence: ResearchCaptureEvidenceSchema,
+    source_id: SourceIdSchema,
+  }),
+  z.strictObject({
+    ...researchBackfillDecisionBase,
+    disposition: z.literal("duplicate"),
+    duplicate_of_source_id: SourceIdSchema,
+    evidence: ResearchCaptureEvidenceSchema.optional(),
+  }),
+  z.strictObject({
+    ...researchBackfillDecisionBase,
+    disposition: z.literal("rejected"),
+    evidence: ResearchCaptureEvidenceSchema.optional(),
+  }),
+]);
+
 const ResearchBaselineImportRunSchema = z.strictObject({
   accepted_input_sha256: Sha256Schema,
   candidate_history: z.literal("not-reconstructible-pre-ledger"),
@@ -871,16 +898,80 @@ const ResearchDiscoveryRunSchema = z.strictObject({
   }
 });
 
+const ResearchBackfillRunSchema = z.strictObject({
+  accepted_input_sha256: Sha256Schema,
+  accepted_source_ids: z.array(SourceIdSchema).min(1).max(300),
+  artifact_url: HttpsUrlSchema,
+  collection: z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*$/u),
+  completed_on: ExactDateSchema,
+  decisions: z.array(ResearchBackfillDecisionSchema).min(1).max(2_000),
+  kind: z.literal("backfill"),
+  plan_sha256: Sha256Schema,
+  recorded_on: ExactDateSchema,
+  review_window: z.strictObject({
+    from: ExactDateSchema,
+    through: ExactDateSchema,
+  }),
+  status: z.literal("complete"),
+}).superRefine((run, context) => {
+  if (run.recorded_on > run.completed_on) {
+    context.addIssue({
+      code: "custom",
+      message: "Backfill run must be recorded by its completion date",
+      path: ["recorded_on"],
+    });
+  }
+  if (run.review_window.from > run.review_window.through) {
+    context.addIssue({
+      code: "custom",
+      message: "Backfill review window must be chronological",
+      path: ["review_window"],
+    });
+  }
+  if (run.review_window.through > run.completed_on) {
+    context.addIssue({
+      code: "custom",
+      message: "Backfill review window must not follow its completion date",
+      path: ["review_window", "through"],
+    });
+  }
+  uniqueValues(run.accepted_source_ids, context, ["accepted_source_ids"]);
+  uniqueValues(run.decisions.map(({ candidate_id: id }) => id), context, ["decisions"]);
+  const sortedInputs = run.accepted_source_ids.toSorted();
+  if (run.accepted_source_ids.some((id, index) => id !== sortedInputs[index])) {
+    context.addIssue({
+      code: "custom",
+      message: "Backfill accepted inputs must be ordered by source ID",
+      path: ["accepted_source_ids"],
+    });
+  }
+  const sortedDecisions = run.decisions.map(({ candidate_id: id }) => id).toSorted();
+  if (run.decisions.some(({ candidate_id: id }, index) => id !== sortedDecisions[index])) {
+    context.addIssue({
+      code: "custom",
+      message: "Backfill candidate decisions must be ordered by ID",
+      path: ["decisions"],
+    });
+  }
+});
+
 export const ResearchRunLedgerSchema = z.strictObject({
   runs: z.array(z.discriminatedUnion("kind", [
     ResearchBaselineImportRunSchema,
+    ResearchBackfillRunSchema,
     ResearchDiscoveryRunSchema,
   ])).min(1).max(500),
   schema: z.literal(STRIPE_HISTORY_RESEARCH_RUNS_SCHEMA_VERSION),
 }).superRefine((ledger, context) => {
-  const keys = ledger.runs.map((run) => run.kind === "baseline-import"
-    ? `${run.collection}:${run.target_through}:${run.plan_sha256}`
-    : `${run.collection}:${run.plan.watermark.targetThrough}:${run.plan.planSha256}`);
+  const keys = ledger.runs.map((run) => {
+    if (run.kind === "baseline-import") {
+      return `${run.collection}:${run.target_through}:0-baseline:${run.plan_sha256}`;
+    }
+    if (run.kind === "discovery") {
+      return `${run.collection}:${run.plan.watermark.targetThrough}:1-discovery:${run.plan.planSha256}`;
+    }
+    return `${run.collection}:${run.completed_on}:2-backfill:${run.plan_sha256}`;
+  });
   uniqueValues(keys, context, ["runs"]);
   const sortedKeys = keys.toSorted();
   if (keys.some((key, index) => key !== sortedKeys[index])) {
diff --git a/public/research/appearance-backfill.yml b/public/research/appearance-backfill.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 34eee75..0000000
--- a/public/research/appearance-backfill.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-schema: stripe-history/appearance-backfill/v1
-completed_at: 2026-08-19T14:45:15Z
-workflow_run: https://github.com/hraness/stripe-history/actions/runs/32265726670
-monitor_id: exa-stripe-leadership-appearances
-review_window:
-  from: 2009-01-01
-  through: 2026-08-19
-counts:
-  raw_hits: 47
-  already_reviewed_variants: 9
-  duplicate_variants: 5
-  excluded_hits: 2
-candidates:
-  - published_at: 2026-05-21
-    title: "The Best Time in History to Start a Company | Patrick Collison & Amjad Masad"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgYiF86h0yU
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2026-05-19
-    title: "Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross in conversation with John and Patrick Collison"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9wzs_QIyp0
-    participants: [John Collison, Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2026-05-16
-    title: "Stripe's John Collison on How Agentic Commerce Will Reshape the Internet | Odd Lots"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhGqLqCzFac
-    participants: [John Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2026-04-28
-    title: "John and Patrick Collison on Stripe's Growth, Agent Commerce, and the Future of Software"
-    url: https://a16z.com/podcast/john-and-patrick-collison-on-stripes-growth-agent-commerce-and-the-future-of-software
-    participants: [John Collison, Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2026-02-20
-    title: "Patrick Collison on Stripe's Early Choices, Smalltalk, and What Comes After Coding"
-    url: https://a16z.com/podcast/patrick-collison-on-stripes-early-choices-smalltalk-and-what-comes-after-coding
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2025-11-13
-    title: "Inside Stripe: Stablecoins, AI, and (not) Going Public | Will Gaybrick"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM1_NADNSgI
-    participants: [Will Gaybrick]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2025-07-17
-    title: "Patrick Collison on programming languages, AI, and Stripe"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/id/podcast/patrick-collison-on-programming-languages-ai-and/id1819406817?i=1000717598878
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2025-06-27
-    title: "Hard Fork Live, with Patrick Collison, Kathryn Zealand, Sam Altman & Brad Lightcap"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdNwzYMtPN8
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2025-02-28
-    title: "Bonus Episode: Stripe CEO John Collison"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bonus-episode-stripe-ceo-john-collison-2-28-25/id1480890290?i=1000696834852
-    participants: [John Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2024-09-20
-    title: "Will Gaybrick on capital allocation, org design, AI, and global growth"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-118-will-gaybrick-president-of-product-and/id1606770839?i=1000670156025
-    participants: [Will Gaybrick]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-10-06
-    title: "Arthur Mensch and John Collison | Stripe AI Day Paris"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXN5xSXJ1Is
-    participants: [John Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-08-08
-    title: "Scaling People with Claire Hughes Johnson"
-    url: https://www.newcomer.co/p/scaling-people-with-claire-hughes
-    participants: [Claire Hughes Johnson]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-05-24
-    title: "Claire Hughes Johnson on scaling operations and culture at Stripe"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/claire-hughes-johnson-stripe-scaling-operations-and/id80867514?i=1000614322138
-    participants: [Claire Hughes Johnson]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-05-15
-    title: "Stripe CEO Patrick Collison on innovating e-commerce and accelerating biomedical research"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripe-ceo-patrick-collison-on-innovating-e-commerce/id1610419911?i=1000613083611
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-05-04
-    title: "Building a culture of excellence | David Singleton"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0_IKKY3HCk
-    participants: [David Singleton]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-03-06
-    title: "Former Stripe COO Claire Hughes Johnson on scaling people"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/128-former-coo-corporate-officer-at-stripe-claire-hughes/id1510985491?i=1000602919224
-    participants: [Claire Hughes Johnson]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-03-05
-    title: "Lessons from scaling Stripe | Claire Hughes Johnson"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lessons-from-scaling-stripe-claire-hughes-johnson-ex/id1627920305?i=1000602823726
-    participants: [Claire Hughes Johnson]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-02-22
-    title: "Extreme Product Design with Stripe CTO David Singleton"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/saastr-636-extreme-product-design-building-things-people/id1089973241?i=1000601129097
-    participants: [David Singleton]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2023-02-14
-    title: "Stripe's Patrick Collison: Micro Pessimism, Macro Optimism"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/mu/podcast/stripes-patrick-collison-micro-pessimism-macro-optimism/id1089013200?i=1000599602701
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2022-07-13
-    title: "Stripe's David Singleton on technology innovation, customers, and the CTO role"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripes-david-singleton-on-technology-innovation-putting/id962121995?i=1000569774533
-    participants: [David Singleton]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2022-06-20
-    title: "The future of the internet economy with John Collison"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-future-of-the-internet-economy-with-stripe/id1462649946?i=1000567104995
-    participants: [John Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2022-06-10
-    title: "John Collison in conversation with Stanley Druckenmiller | Sohn 2022"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7sWLIybWnQ
-    participants: [John Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2021-10-11
-    title: "Stripe CRO Mike Clayville: Building Tornado Companies"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cro-stripe-mike-clayville-building-tornado-companies/id1510985491?i=1000538185612
-    participants: [Mike Clayville]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2021-05-10
-    title: "Claire Hughes Johnson, COO of Stripe | The #ANGELS Podcast"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/claire-hughes-johnson-coo-of-stripe/id1550832941?i=1000521087003
-    participants: [Claire Hughes Johnson]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2019-11-25
-    title: "Tech and Progress with Patrick Collison and Tyler Cowen"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tech-and-progress-with-patrick-collison-and-tyler-cowen/id1460731098?i=1000457824338
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2018-05-02
-    title: "Patrick Collison: Earning Your Stripes | The Knowledge Project"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/32-patrick-collison-earning-your-stripes/id990149481?i=1000410487693
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2018-03-02
-    title: "Stripe's Patrick Collison: I'm petrified of getting too big"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripes-patrick-collison-im-petrified-of-getting-too/id1233991021?i=1000404469689
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2017-04-12
-    title: "Patrick Collison has a few questions for Tyler (live)"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/jp/podcast/patrick-collison-has-a-few-questions-for-tyler-live/id983795625?i=1000384289632
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2016-12-06
-    title: "Stripe CEO Patrick Collison on management, rationalism, and the Enlightenment"
-    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/no/podcast/stripe-ceo-patrick-collison-on-management-rationalism/id1081584611?i=1000378637097
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2014-10-28
-    title: "Hiring and Culture, Part 2 | Patrick and John Collison"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Dl8rZ6qwE
-    participants: [Patrick Collison, John Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
-  - published_at: 2013-08-13
-    title: "unSEXY Conf 2013: Patrick Collison, Stripe"
-    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_4emS6D4og
-    participants: [Patrick Collison]
-    review_status: source-review-needed
diff --git a/public/research/appearances.yml b/public/research/appearances.yml
index aca7368..2201ea2 100644
--- a/public/research/appearances.yml
+++ b/public/research/appearances.yml
@@ -34,6 +34,178 @@ appearances:
           detail: Checkout, delegation, fraud, payments, stablecoins, and model-token infrastructure must change when software agents initiate purchases and machines buy services from machines.
     source_ids: [source-523815a4d8be2b7368b9]
     review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2026-05-patrick-collison-replit
+    occurred_at: 2026-05-21
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2026-05-21
+    title: The Best Time in History to Start a Company
+    venue: Replit
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 2111
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-119db9dd4efb34c354fa
+    topics: [ai, entrepreneurship, company-creation, software, internet-economy]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2026]
+    significance: Patrick uses current Stripe formation data to explain the acceleration in new company creation, then connects AI-assisted software development to smaller teams, faster revenue, and new entrepreneurial opportunities.
+    source_ids: [source-119db9dd4efb34c354fa]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2026-05-patrick-john-collison-friedman-gross
+    occurred_at: 2026-05-19
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2026-05-19
+    title: Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross in conversation with John and Patrick Collison
+    venue: Stripe
+    participants:
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: speaker
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: speaker
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 3358
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-18b5f3a0d6c6c83811f7
+    topics: [ai, company-building, software, product-strategy, entrepreneurship]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2026]
+    significance: John and Patrick join Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross for a first-person discussion of how AI changes software creation, company formation, organizational design, and Stripe's product environment.
+    source_ids: [source-18b5f3a0d6c6c83811f7]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2026-05-john-collison-odd-lots
+    occurred_at: 2026-05-16
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2026-05-16
+    title: How agentic commerce will reshape the internet
+    venue: Bloomberg Odd Lots
+    participants:
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+    media: [podcast, video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 2975
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-98566fabeed1b3474821
+    topics: [agentic-commerce, payments, stablecoins, internet-economy, product-strategy]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2026]
+    significance: John explains how autonomous buyers alter discovery, checkout, delegated authority, fraud, and settlement, providing Stripe's current view of the infrastructure required for agentic commerce.
+    source_ids: [source-98566fabeed1b3474821]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2026-04-patrick-john-collison-a16z
+    occurred_at: 2026-04-28
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2026-04-28
+    title: Stripe's growth, agent commerce, and the future of software
+    venue: a16z
+    series: The a16z Show
+    participants:
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [growth, agentic-commerce, stablecoins, software, employee-liquidity]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2026]
+    significance: John and Patrick discuss Stripe's reported growth, employee tender, agent commerce, stablecoins, and the shift from mass-produced software toward bespoke systems generated when needed.
+    source_ids: [source-c8cf9fc9a738a7673ab5]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2026-02-patrick-collison-a16z
+    occurred_at: 2026-02-20
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2026-02-20
+    title: Stripe's early choices, Smalltalk, and what comes after coding
+    venue: a16z
+    series: The a16z Show
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [programming-languages, early-company, software, ai, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [pre-stripe, stripe-2009-2026]
+    significance: Patrick revisits Stripe's early technical choices and Smalltalk roots while considering how AI changes programming, software architecture, and the work of building enduring technology companies.
+    source_ids: [source-3e4c405e9bd479571d83]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2025-11-will-gaybrick-the-peel
+    occurred_at: 2025-11-13
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2025-11-13
+    title: "Inside Stripe: Stablecoins, AI, and (not) going public"
+    venue: The Peel
+    participants:
+      - name: Will Gaybrick
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: President of Product and Business
+    media: [podcast, video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 5769
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-ef5f15ce3644987cd0d2
+    topics: [stablecoins, ai, product-strategy, organization-design, public-markets]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2015-2025]
+    significance: Will gives a long first-person account of Stripe's product expansion, stablecoin strategy, AI work, organization, capital allocation, and decision to remain private.
+    source_ids: [source-ef5f15ce3644987cd0d2]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2025-07-patrick-collison-cursor
+    occurred_at: 2025-07-17
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2025-07-17
+    title: Programming languages, AI, and Stripe's biggest engineering decisions
+    venue: Cursor
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [programming-languages, ai, engineering, software-architecture, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [pre-stripe, stripe-2009-2025]
+    significance: Patrick discusses the programming-language ideas behind his early work, Stripe's major architectural decisions and rewrites, his use of AI, and the relationship between software and human organizations.
+    source_ids: [source-6c270caf7a0f7aea8142]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2025-06-patrick-collison-hard-fork
+    occurred_at: 2025-06-27
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2025-06-27
+    title: Patrick Collison at Hard Fork Live
+    venue: Hard Fork Live
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast, video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 6598
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-af973a63a7068c0ccff9
+    topics: [agentic-commerce, biotechnology, long-term-thinking, payments, progress]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2025]
+    significance: Patrick connects Stripe's approach to long-duration company building with agentic commerce and his work in biotechnology, including the Arc Institute and a broader case for institutional ambition.
+    source_ids: [source-af973a63a7068c0ccff9]
+    review_status: reviewed
   - id: appearance-2025-05-patrick-john-collison-sessions-ama
     occurred_at: 2025-05
     date_precision: month
@@ -74,6 +246,42 @@ appearances:
     significance: Patrick's written congressional testimony gives a first-person account of Stripe's founding, scale, payment-method coverage, Bridge acquisition, and policy case for stablecoins.
     source_ids: [source-18cef128fcb5c9083568, source-bbf6b0fb0b8942bc569f]
     review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2025-02-john-collison-squawk-pod
+    occurred_at: 2025-02-28
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2025-02-28
+    title: Stripe CEO John Collison
+    venue: Squawk Pod
+    participants:
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [growth, valuation, private-markets, payments, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2025]
+    significance: John discusses Stripe's scale, private valuation, long operating horizon, and the company's position in payments with Andrew Ross Sorkin in a rare current interview.
+    source_ids: [source-d5562f80014ab418430b]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2024-09-will-gaybrick-logan-bartlett
+    occurred_at: 2024-09-20
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2024-09-20
+    title: Capital allocation, organization design, AI, and global growth
+    venue: The Logan Bartlett Show
+    participants:
+      - name: Will Gaybrick
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: President of Product and Business
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [capital-allocation, organization-design, ai, global-growth, product-strategy]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2015-2024]
+    significance: Will traces his path from investor to Stripe executive and explains how the company approaches capital allocation, product organization, AI, and international growth.
+    source_ids: [source-39cb086a5372e02b17bc]
+    review_status: reviewed
   - id: appearance-2024-04-patrick-john-collison-sessions-ama
     occurred_at: 2024-04-24
     date_precision: day
@@ -181,6 +389,250 @@ appearances:
     significance: Patrick and John discuss Stripe's strategy, culture, attention to detail, capital allocation, and the internet economy together in a long-form primary interview.
     source_ids: [source-1278271efc6181fee94f]
     review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-10-john-collison-stripe-ai-day
+    occurred_at: 2023-10-06
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-10-06
+    title: Arthur Mensch and John Collison at Stripe AI Day Paris
+    venue: Stripe AI Day Paris
+    participants:
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: speaker
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+    media: [video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 2330
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-daf244691067ecfd0a84
+    topics: [ai, machine-learning, software, entrepreneurship, product-strategy]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2023]
+    significance: John discusses the AI company landscape with Mistral co-founder Arthur Mensch at a Stripe event, connecting model development, startup formation, and the infrastructure needs of fast-growing AI businesses.
+    source_ids: [source-daf244691067ecfd0a84]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-08-claire-hughes-johnson-newcomer
+    occurred_at: 2023-08-08
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-08-08
+    title: Scaling People with Claire Hughes Johnson
+    venue: Newcomer
+    participants:
+      - name: Claire Hughes Johnson
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Corporate Officer and Adviser
+    media: [article]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [operations, organization-design, hiring, management, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2014-2021]
+    significance: Claire explains the operating systems, hiring practices, management expectations, and organizational mechanisms she used while helping Stripe scale from an early company into a global organization.
+    source_ids: [source-a83d235b649d61ebd04a]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-05-claire-hughes-johnson-stanford
+    occurred_at: 2023-05-24
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-05-24
+    title: Scaling Operations and People
+    venue: Stanford eCorner
+    series: Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders
+    participants:
+      - name: Claire Hughes Johnson
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Corporate Officer and Adviser
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [operations, people, management, culture, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2014-2021]
+    significance: Claire turns her experience scaling Stripe's operations and people systems into practical guidance on management, culture, organizational design, and the transition from startup improvisation to durable operating practice.
+    source_ids: [source-57a7fe4d5d7acd711d7b]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-05-patrick-collison-minor-consult
+    occurred_at: 2023-05-15
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-05-15
+    title: Innovating e-commerce and accelerating biomedical research
+    venue: The Minor Consult
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [founding, ecommerce, biomedical-research, arc-institute, progress]
+    historical_periods: [pre-stripe, stripe-2009-2023]
+    significance: Patrick recounts his path into entrepreneurship and Stripe while explaining why he helped create Arc Institute and how stronger institutions could accelerate biomedical research.
+    source_ids: [source-d09d6a2687fa0f13d64c]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-05-david-singleton-lenny
+    occurred_at: 2023-05-04
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-05-04
+    title: Building a culture of excellence
+    venue: Lenny's Podcast
+    participants:
+      - name: David Singleton
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Chief Technology Officer
+    media: [podcast, video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 5399
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-644e7df552ad28028b3a
+    topics: [engineering, culture, product-development, quality, management]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2021-2023]
+    significance: David gives a detailed account of Stripe's engineering culture, product quality bar, user feedback loops, leadership expectations, and mechanisms for keeping technical teams focused on customer outcomes.
+    source_ids: [source-644e7df552ad28028b3a]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-03-claire-hughes-johnson-grit
+    occurred_at: 2023-03-06
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-03-06
+    title: Scaling People
+    venue: Grit
+    participants:
+      - name: Claire Hughes Johnson
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Former Chief Operating Officer
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [management, hiring, operations, leadership, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2014-2021]
+    significance: Claire explains the frameworks she developed while scaling Stripe, including how leaders establish operating principles, diagnose organizational problems, and build management systems without losing speed.
+    source_ids: [source-9dee161b28ef4003aeb3]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-03-claire-hughes-johnson-lenny
+    occurred_at: 2023-03-05
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-03-05
+    title: Lessons from scaling Stripe
+    venue: Lenny's Podcast
+    participants:
+      - name: Claire Hughes Johnson
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Former Chief Operating Officer
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [operations, management, hiring, culture, performance]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2014-2021]
+    significance: Claire describes the management infrastructure behind Stripe's growth, including goal setting, hiring, performance systems, feedback, and the operating cadences needed as a company moves through successive stages of scale.
+    source_ids: [source-34e9256f6b05d1c012cb]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-02-david-singleton-saastr
+    occurred_at: 2023-02-22
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-02-22
+    title: Extreme Product Design
+    venue: SaaStr
+    participants:
+      - name: David Singleton
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Chief Technology Officer
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [product-design, user-research, engineering, quality, product-development]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2021-2023]
+    significance: David explains how Stripe turns close user observation into product and engineering decisions, arguing for unusually direct feedback loops and a quality bar grounded in what customers actually do.
+    source_ids: [source-ff6b00bcb15ca05ca7f4]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2023-02-patrick-collison-greymatter
+    occurred_at: 2023-02-14
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2023-02-14
+    title: Micro Pessimism, Macro Optimism
+    venue: Greymatter
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [company-building, economic-outlook, strategy, startups, long-term-thinking]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2023]
+    significance: Patrick discusses how Stripe and its users navigate a difficult economic cycle while maintaining a long-term view of internet business formation, technological progress, and the opportunity for new companies.
+    source_ids: [source-4cf5bde77c3a4330d227]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2022-07-david-singleton-seedcamp
+    occurred_at: 2022-07-13
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2022-07-13
+    title: Technology innovation, customers, and the CTO role
+    venue: This Much I Know
+    series: The Seedcamp Podcast
+    participants:
+      - name: David Singleton
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Chief Technology Officer
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [engineering, customers, innovation, leadership, product-development]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2021-2022]
+    significance: David describes the CTO role at Stripe, the company's customer-centered approach to technical innovation, and the leadership practices required to connect engineering investment with useful products.
+    source_ids: [source-15f3382443f13e368075]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2022-06-john-collison-david-mcwilliams
+    occurred_at: 2022-06-20
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2022-06-20
+    title: The future of the internet economy
+    venue: The David McWilliams Podcast
+    participants:
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [internet-economy, innovation, entrepreneurship, payments, global-growth]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2022]
+    significance: John connects Stripe's mission and product development to broader changes in internet business formation, innovation, globalization, and the economic conditions facing entrepreneurs.
+    source_ids: [source-6321e360d21ebafc1539]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2021-10-mike-clayville-grit
+    occurred_at: 2021-10-11
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2021-10-11
+    title: Building Tornado Companies
+    venue: Grit
+    participants:
+      - name: Mike Clayville
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Chief Revenue Officer
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [sales, growth, leadership, organization-design, enterprise]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2020-2021]
+    significance: Mike explains how Stripe was building its revenue organization for rapid enterprise growth, including leadership, go-to-market design, hiring, and the operating demands of a fast-scaling company.
+    source_ids: [source-28538b94e9867ad8ddea]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2021-05-claire-hughes-johnson-angels
+    occurred_at: 2021-05-10
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2021-05-10
+    title: Claire Hughes Johnson, COO of Stripe
+    venue: "The #ANGELS Podcast"
+    participants:
+      - name: Claire Hughes Johnson
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Chief Operating Officer
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [operations, leadership, hiring, culture, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2014-2021]
+    significance: Claire reflects on joining Stripe early, building its operating function, developing leaders and culture, and scaling the company across products, geographies, and organizational stages.
+    source_ids: [source-472eb2b12343ba3fa8e5]
+    review_status: reviewed
   - id: appearance-2020-06-john-collison-colossus
     occurred_at: 2020-06-16
     date_precision: day
@@ -220,6 +672,61 @@ appearances:
     significance: Patrick gives an unusually detailed account of his early programming, Auctomatic, Stripe's origin, reading practice, recruiting, and interest in technological progress.
     source_ids: [source-7365200928b2c76a48b7]
     review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2018-05-patrick-collison-knowledge-project
+    occurred_at: 2018-05-02
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2018-05-02
+    title: Earning Your Stripes
+    venue: The Knowledge Project
+    series: Episode 32
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [founding, company-building, decision-making, learning, payments]
+    historical_periods: [pre-stripe, stripe-2009-2018]
+    significance: Patrick gives a broad account of Stripe's origin and growth while discussing decision-making, learning, organizational quality, and the habits he uses to build a long-duration company.
+    source_ids: [source-5abe9c3805865ebd263c]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2018-03-patrick-collison-times-tech
+    occurred_at: 2018-03-02
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2018-03-02
+    title: I'm petrified of getting too confident
+    venue: The Times Tech Podcast
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [company-building, payments, growth, competition, culture]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2018]
+    significance: Patrick discusses Stripe's position in financial infrastructure, its growth and valuation, and why maintaining uncertainty and intellectual humility mattered as the company became larger.
+    source_ids: [source-1c1ccd634b5f7d73f612]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2016-12-patrick-collison-gray-area
+    occurred_at: 2016-12-06
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2016-12-06
+    title: Management, rationalism, and the Enlightenment
+    venue: The Gray Area
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: interviewee
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [podcast]
+    transcript:
+      availability: none
+    topics: [management, rationalism, company-building, culture, payments]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2016]
+    significance: Patrick explains Stripe's business and management philosophy while connecting the company's operating culture to rationalism, intellectual history, and a belief in technological and institutional progress.
+    source_ids: [source-4091456d98a90957fe07]
+    review_status: reviewed
   - id: appearance-2016-05-patrick-john-collison-cbs
     occurred_at: 2016-05-01
     date_precision: day
@@ -263,6 +770,54 @@ appearances:
     significance: John explains how celebrated startups repeatedly pass through uncertainty and failure, placing Stripe's early path in the context of startup evolution and durable company vision.
     source_ids: [source-a5d1d621862fa7f1cac0]
     review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2014-10-patrick-john-collison-yc
+    occurred_at: 2014-10-28
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2014-10-28
+    title: Hiring and Culture, Part 2
+    venue: Y Combinator
+    series: Hiring and Culture
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: speaker
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+      - name: John Collison
+        role: speaker
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and President
+    media: [video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 3037
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-c7d664518b9bba629716
+    topics: [hiring, culture, management, early-company, company-building]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2014]
+    significance: Patrick and John explain Stripe's early hiring bar, interview process, cultural choices, and management lessons while the company was moving beyond its founding team.
+    source_ids: [source-c7d664518b9bba629716]
+    review_status: reviewed
+  - id: appearance-2013-08-patrick-collison-unsexy
+    occurred_at: 2013-08-13
+    date_precision: day
+    published_at: 2013-08-13
+    title: Patrick Collison at unSEXY Conf 2013
+    venue: unSEXY Conference
+    participants:
+      - name: Patrick Collison
+        role: speaker
+        stripe_role: Co-founder and CEO
+    media: [video, transcript]
+    duration_seconds: 676
+    duration_precision: exact
+    transcript:
+      availability: automatic
+      language: en
+      source_id: source-650f1c1afaf31f558df3
+    topics: [founding, payments, early-company, product, entrepreneurship]
+    historical_periods: [stripe-2009-2013]
+    significance: Patrick gives a compact contemporaneous account of the payments problem Stripe set out to solve, the early product, and the company's progress while it was still a young startup.
+    source_ids: [source-650f1c1afaf31f558df3]
+    review_status: reviewed
   - id: appearance-2012-04-patrick-collison-startup-grind
     occurred_at: '2012'
     date_precision: year
diff --git a/public/research/collections.yml b/public/research/collections.yml
index a308933..60a7231 100644
--- a/public/research/collections.yml
+++ b/public/research/collections.yml
@@ -27,19 +27,47 @@ collections:
       - research/appearances.yml
     input_source_ids:
       - source-001e51b689b259d0b4e3
+      - source-119db9dd4efb34c354fa
       - source-1278271efc6181fee94f
+      - source-15f3382443f13e368075
+      - source-18b5f3a0d6c6c83811f7
       - source-18cef128fcb5c9083568
+      - source-1c1ccd634b5f7d73f612
       - source-26410b426525f71187bb
+      - source-28538b94e9867ad8ddea
+      - source-34e9256f6b05d1c012cb
+      - source-39cb086a5372e02b17bc
+      - source-3e4c405e9bd479571d83
+      - source-4091456d98a90957fe07
+      - source-472eb2b12343ba3fa8e5
+      - source-4cf5bde77c3a4330d227
       - source-4d80199395399e9e47d8
       - source-51a0e1edbe8fc1ce9d5a
       - source-523815a4d8be2b7368b9
+      - source-57a7fe4d5d7acd711d7b
+      - source-5abe9c3805865ebd263c
+      - source-6321e360d21ebafc1539
+      - source-644e7df552ad28028b3a
+      - source-650f1c1afaf31f558df3
+      - source-6c270caf7a0f7aea8142
       - source-7365200928b2c76a48b7
       - source-7db75f16638fc07f166c
+      - source-98566fabeed1b3474821
+      - source-9dee161b28ef4003aeb3
       - source-a5d1d621862fa7f1cac0
+      - source-a83d235b649d61ebd04a
+      - source-af973a63a7068c0ccff9
       - source-bbf6b0fb0b8942bc569f
       - source-bda69e86e22cf8e2c66f
+      - source-c7d664518b9bba629716
+      - source-c8cf9fc9a738a7673ab5
       - source-ca9f69ba263dbc27bda3
+      - source-d09d6a2687fa0f13d64c
+      - source-d5562f80014ab418430b
       - source-d8e4c6cb20568d496b94
+      - source-daf244691067ecfd0a84
+      - source-ef5f15ce3644987cd0d2
+      - source-ff6b00bcb15ca05ca7f4
     supporting_source_ids: []
     discovery_sources:
       - https://stripe.com/newsroom/information
diff --git a/public/research/runs.yml b/public/research/runs.yml
index 09b4044..3d4ddf9 100644
--- a/public/research/runs.yml
+++ b/public/research/runs.yml
@@ -100,6 +100,381 @@ runs:
           status: complete
           evidence_path: evidence/source.html
           sha256: 19cb7d6ab7fd4e4fd12e6a9ca59bddd5432cd53a8964bdf1e9f7ce61dc126015
+  - kind: backfill
+    collection: founder-appearances
+    status: complete
+    recorded_on: 2026-08-19
+    completed_on: 2026-08-19
+    review_window:
+      from: 2009-01-01
+      through: 2026-08-19
+    artifact_url: https://github.com/hraness/stripe-history/actions/runs/32265726670
+    accepted_input_sha256: 429813dbfb2842dd711b5a6d3069724981a0e75b4a0f6cb82452f6ca6ea33a88
+    accepted_source_ids:
+      - source-001e51b689b259d0b4e3
+      - source-1278271efc6181fee94f
+      - source-18cef128fcb5c9083568
+      - source-26410b426525f71187bb
+      - source-4d80199395399e9e47d8
+      - source-51a0e1edbe8fc1ce9d5a
+      - source-523815a4d8be2b7368b9
+      - source-7365200928b2c76a48b7
+      - source-7db75f16638fc07f166c
+      - source-a5d1d621862fa7f1cac0
+      - source-bbf6b0fb0b8942bc569f
+      - source-bda69e86e22cf8e2c66f
+      - source-ca9f69ba263dbc27bda3
+      - source-d8e4c6cb20568d496b94
+    plan_sha256: 6b072148a122798067e3f9846b6f6221393a4ee8ac309ffa9eb7577325ace725
+    decisions:
+      - candidate_id: candidate-08034f0f05d785abe204
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bonus-episode-stripe-ceo-john-collison-2-28-25/id1480890290?i=1000696834852
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-d5562f80014ab418430b
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-collison-bonus-podcast-2025
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: f38f6215c83abd0c27e4d21f4abf5ec80526c33485be94d7692a2875ed81d7b5
+      - candidate_id: candidate-08906a117f80cb97e57e
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/saastr-636-extreme-product-design-building-things-people/id1089973241?i=1000601129097
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-ff6b00bcb15ca05ca7f4
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: david-singleton-extreme-product-design-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: b34e8f2b4312e0ee196962aa27deed8f6304172a3bda3c2d40d5f1f1bf1d08c9
+      - candidate_id: candidate-08b9d49899a5e3373992
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdNwzYMtPN8
+        native_id: youtube:jdNwzYMtPN8
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-af973a63a7068c0ccff9
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-hard-fork-live-2025
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 73006cef6a92e6affb7d188b70c95e074f8c1fce061d9792107d35f3dbfe1f8b
+      - candidate_id: candidate-0c6b8b8665b1dc406b2d
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Dl8rZ6qwE
+        native_id: youtube:H8Dl8rZ6qwE
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-c7d664518b9bba629716
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-john-collison-hiring-culture-2014
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: b502f4e293592683e173126453bb376c9d90b265202ecdfbe3d31f138ed42273
+      - candidate_id: candidate-1127057da8a648bf1325
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/mu/podcast/stripes-patrick-collison-micro-pessimism-macro-optimism/id1089013200?i=1000599602701
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-4cf5bde77c3a4330d227
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-micro-pessimism-macro-optimism-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 493a556d2095a01b6072884c3334a8c25e981a3c4e08be52f406af5b41652b62
+      - candidate_id: candidate-13936ecf14d65dd28c31
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/claire-hughes-johnson-coo-of-stripe/id1550832941?i=1000521087003
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-472eb2b12343ba3fa8e5
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: claire-hughes-johnson-angels-podcast-2021
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 152b20ef78d4529ebc15f9a0b2468857057cb0e2450164d388683dc27028d5fd
+      - candidate_id: candidate-1439b0c30bf1445c321a
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_4emS6D4og
+        native_id: youtube:y_4emS6D4og
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-650f1c1afaf31f558df3
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-unsexy-conf-2013
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 41b3089d7f16c2f6933b8f603b7981b738ef3ae26afb37fb5d2da4d4971e9255
+      - candidate_id: candidate-1629cdd0b52b7485e8c3
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM1_NADNSgI
+        native_id: youtube:AM1_NADNSgI
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-ef5f15ce3644987cd0d2
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: will-gaybrick-inside-stripe-2025
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 87703359c15b05ddb8922c9714ae7b65f4c2b125d8ca01cc6d8ba8575625f8df
+      - candidate_id: candidate-185aa164d5de11d6c5df
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/claire-hughes-johnson-stripe-scaling-operations-and/id80867514?i=1000614322138
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-57a7fe4d5d7acd711d7b
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: claire-hughes-johnson-scaling-operations-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: b32e9afb9382c6b6aa4c55e0c6fdf021ddf8d479d8179b7ac1e411de6ae05a55
+      - candidate_id: candidate-3d4f461f17d71f4cd763
+        candidate_url: https://a16z.com/podcast/john-and-patrick-collison-on-stripes-growth-agent-commerce-and-the-future-of-software
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-c8cf9fc9a738a7673ab5
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-patrick-collison-stripe-growth-agent-commerce-2026
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 96312e0e64cf5cb3d26109b839fa15f0c0a489e54791c7012b6e54064b0db6fe
+      - candidate_id: candidate-41cecf83fd68f40211f7
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripes-david-singleton-on-technology-innovation-putting/id962121995?i=1000569774533
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-15f3382443f13e368075
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: david-singleton-technology-innovation-2022
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: a13a496da36a7dfd2ad0085fe599b82a071a3fbffb66c945c5f023f771d5477d
+      - candidate_id: candidate-45ffc95252f7c441f9ea
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/128-former-coo-corporate-officer-at-stripe-claire-hughes/id1510985491?i=1000602919224
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-9dee161b28ef4003aeb3
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: claire-hughes-johnson-scaling-people-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: d35a8712233fbffafd092a0ec9da60365ae42ec791f77c47ba8cc82d764ce14d
+      - candidate_id: candidate-55a7fe20f52aa39d04c8
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXN5xSXJ1Is
+        native_id: youtube:yXN5xSXJ1Is
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-daf244691067ecfd0a84
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-collison-stripe-ai-day-paris-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 92548fb2c910ac19ca657ce54724d2dd9e8fc63c26392a2c8234314705697c78
+      - candidate_id: candidate-57efd8e62dc65eb2b27d
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhGqLqCzFac
+        native_id: youtube:QhGqLqCzFac
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-98566fabeed1b3474821
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-collison-odd-lots-agentic-commerce-2026
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 9ea29f6259f15d3939dd6c5ea2597180677d6828291b02fd19e597eb8eb2e282
+      - candidate_id: candidate-67aa73c93b621ed7f57f
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/jp/podcast/patrick-collison-has-a-few-questions-for-tyler-live/id983795625?i=1000384289632
+        disposition: rejected
+        reason: Patrick Collison is the interviewer, and the complete capture does not provide material first-person evidence about Stripe or its operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-questions-tyler-live-2017
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: a169461140e144ca5fcfd1899fab7db644dbb1bb1e282c33f37bf3789a663b3c
+      - candidate_id: candidate-706e2306f17330f3136f
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripe-ceo-patrick-collison-on-innovating-e-commerce/id1610419911?i=1000613083611
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-d09d6a2687fa0f13d64c
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-ecommerce-biomedical-research-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: bdc4d6634d0ed81366000d6461450ba48f7f9f5b27b85adce78f0fc5a1054dbd
+      - candidate_id: candidate-77053ee631e0eb928516
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0_IKKY3HCk
+        native_id: youtube:F0_IKKY3HCk
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-644e7df552ad28028b3a
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: david-singleton-culture-excellence-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 6f6b453e78cd17d4ce4dfb43bcefd2f34befb76305e0d02de31d1bdce0a51675
+      - candidate_id: candidate-7d85ac896cc0297dfb63
+        candidate_url: https://www.newcomer.co/p/scaling-people-with-claire-hughes
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-a83d235b649d61ebd04a
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: claire-hughes-johnson-scaling-people-newcomer-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 715089f0a258f7e085dbd59b1ddd1e08a26066ac9fbafc4cf8b9be9cd7f03895
+      - candidate_id: candidate-854f7cf473710458e390
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cro-stripe-mike-clayville-building-tornado-companies/id1510985491?i=1000538185612
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-28538b94e9867ad8ddea
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: mike-clayville-building-tornado-companies-2021
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 2ca41b9f8aa88d2c43958098b52179a522ebb3d54ee31e35c4a6e83d45271b1a
+      - candidate_id: candidate-87e61f8d1c6c3e38fc93
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-future-of-the-internet-economy-with-stripe/id1462649946?i=1000567104995
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-6321e360d21ebafc1539
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-collison-future-internet-economy-2022
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: ae73fcc54480b4c7423490bd8f051a9603bf07c2bc86d09346eee6dd55815b92
+      - candidate_id: candidate-b861fb2001b954d8ecb3
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgYiF86h0yU
+        native_id: youtube:YgYiF86h0yU
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-119db9dd4efb34c354fa
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-amjad-masad-start-company-2026
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: d6d3f3c9cc8cb0e2daeb49ce98cbe76fe52bb14f1bd2e6433bf94fd92af16a42
+      - candidate_id: candidate-bf88346930cc77ac95f6
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/no/podcast/stripe-ceo-patrick-collison-on-management-rationalism/id1081584611?i=1000378637097
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-4091456d98a90957fe07
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-management-rationalism-2016
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 9d3ce93a839804418f6937fb6e39e2463ffa087f7966ee45f2c68e2eac1121fc
+      - candidate_id: candidate-c09e1de34bf8384cefbb
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripes-patrick-collison-im-petrified-of-getting-too/id1233991021?i=1000404469689
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-1c1ccd634b5f7d73f612
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-petrified-getting-too-big-2018
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: e950fb84e7d2de2f17a665bd449b72b55fee1bad7a37d3d286377c1240129a69
+      - candidate_id: candidate-d5c6c16bd5aafd553c08
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7sWLIybWnQ
+        native_id: youtube:-7sWLIybWnQ
+        disposition: rejected
+        reason: The complete capture is a macro-investing discussion with Stanley Druckenmiller; Stripe appears only in the introduction and receives no material first-person treatment.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-collison-druckenmiller-sohn-2022
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 36ffd0f932b8c7ed0c6af1d6ccb545027f3eac4eecf66a9e413f79bfb2dcef1e
+      - candidate_id: candidate-d647c9878e90aaa3081d
+        candidate_url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9wzs_QIyp0
+        native_id: youtube:l9wzs_QIyp0
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-18b5f3a0d6c6c83811f7
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: john-patrick-collison-friedman-gross-2026
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: b33850f66ab4b941ea1d096110ba39f6ab00f703707a0439e5579aae332132ad
+      - candidate_id: candidate-d85f3dcac8db9b98e403
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-118-will-gaybrick-president-of-product-and/id1606770839?i=1000670156025
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-39cb086a5372e02b17bc
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: will-gaybrick-capital-allocation-org-design-2024
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 6f5045ab4c70bea73ae98109e872f9bf46570045e716c6d07a03e110a28e8aab
+      - candidate_id: candidate-ec971caf7ddb276570e0
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tech-and-progress-with-patrick-collison-and-tyler-cowen/id1460731098?i=1000457824338
+        disposition: rejected
+        reason: The complete capture contains a general discussion of technology and progress, but no material first-person evidence about Stripe or its operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-tyler-cowen-tech-progress-2019
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: da69918b392e86f3a2fa8837ec9398414d526dc685680a5baebbe2646a3bd57b
+      - candidate_id: candidate-ef18153d6e91131beee7
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/32-patrick-collison-earning-your-stripes/id990149481?i=1000410487693
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-5abe9c3805865ebd263c
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-knowledge-project-2018
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 6b7a186c0ddd38a788b5c70d9571294656dc796fcfcfb9f1c45a6640b95e7890
+      - candidate_id: candidate-f3a7ae41832e7d6713fa
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/id/podcast/patrick-collison-on-programming-languages-ai-and/id1819406817?i=1000717598878
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-6c270caf7a0f7aea8142
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-programming-languages-ai-stripe-2025
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 446f5f67cded53729ab95ddda9c3aa0454f000efd2419ff4d7d6e30275f18bfe
+      - candidate_id: candidate-f8bdcfc7437b28cfe1c1
+        candidate_url: https://a16z.com/podcast/patrick-collison-on-stripes-early-choices-smalltalk-and-what-comes-after-coding
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-3e4c405e9bd479571d83
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: patrick-collison-stripe-early-choices-smalltalk-2026
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 4ba1f74be658ee2eed1b697218c6769736d58e1915a2997ebe2fbdb3ee1b46f8
+      - candidate_id: candidate-f953cd0f071e44d1c27b
+        candidate_url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lessons-from-scaling-stripe-claire-hughes-johnson-ex/id1627920305?i=1000602823726
+        disposition: accepted
+        source_id: source-34e9256f6b05d1c012cb
+        reason: Complete retained capture contains material first-person evidence about Stripe, its products, organization, strategy, or operating history.
+        evidence:
+          capture_slug: claire-hughes-johnson-lessons-scaling-stripe-2023
+          captured_on: 2026-08-19
+          status: complete
+          evidence_path: evidence/source.html
+          sha256: 9c8ab8cb6ad45b24f169047a19de8a428f1466f9cc27eefef06548790a9de237
   - kind: baseline-import
     collection: founder-side-projects
     status: complete
diff --git a/public/research/sources.yml b/public/research/sources.yml
index 3e4e06a..6d9fb82 100644
--- a/public/research/sources.yml
+++ b/public/research/sources.yml
@@ -145,6 +145,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/blog/giving-agents-the-ability-to-pay
     id: source-10f2721c9aa4fdff57df
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Replit
+    published_at: 2026-05-21
+    title: "The Best Time in History to Start a Company | Patrick Collison & Amjad Masad"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgYiF86h0yU
+    id: source-119db9dd4efb34c354fa
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:YgYiF86h0yU
   - kind: interview
     publisher: Colossus
     published_at: 2023-10-17
@@ -154,6 +163,13 @@ sources:
     language: en
     media_type: transcript
     native_id: colossus:collison-a-business-state-of-mind
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Seedcamp
+    published_at: 2022-07-13
+    title: "Stripe's David Singleton on technology innovation, customers, and the CTO role"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripes-david-singleton-on-technology-innovation-putting/id962121995?i=1000569774533
+    id: source-15f3382443f13e368075
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2018-09-17
@@ -168,6 +184,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/blog/a-primer-on-machine-learning-for-fraud-detection
     id: source-170ce598057aeb518fa4
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Stripe
+    published_at: 2026-05-19
+    title: "Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross in conversation with John and Patrick Collison"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9wzs_QIyp0
+    id: source-18b5f3a0d6c6c83811f7
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:l9wzs_QIyp0
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2016-09-19
@@ -212,6 +237,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/stripe-debanking-letter.pdf
     id: source-1aceab1f7585dbec2798
     media_type: pdf
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The Times Tech Podcast
+    published_at: 2018-03-02
+    title: "Stripe's Patrick Collison: I'm petrified of getting too confident"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripes-patrick-collison-im-petrified-of-getting-too/id1233991021?i=1000404469689
+    id: source-1c1ccd634b5f7d73f612
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: The Irish Times
     published_at: 2026-06-05
@@ -359,6 +391,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/blog/singapore-eng-office
     id: source-2770509db6a3e2e2cabd
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Grit
+    published_at: 2021-10-11
+    title: "Stripe CRO Mike Clayville: Building Tornado Companies"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cro-stripe-mike-clayville-building-tornado-companies/id1510985491?i=1000538185612
+    id: source-28538b94e9867ad8ddea
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2026-04-29
@@ -487,6 +526,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/en-ca/newsroom/news/stripe-terminal-accelerates-global-momentum
     id: source-34734b9c0fe2092013a9
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Lenny's Podcast
+    published_at: 2023-03-05
+    title: "Lessons from scaling Stripe | Claire Hughes Johnson"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lessons-from-scaling-stripe-claire-hughes-johnson-ex/id1627920305?i=1000602823726
+    id: source-34e9256f6b05d1c012cb
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: TechCentral.ie
     published_at: 2013-09-03
@@ -535,6 +581,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://press.stripe.com/scaling
     id: source-391821de004fb1a8d195
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The Logan Bartlett Show
+    published_at: 2024-09-20
+    title: "Will Gaybrick on capital allocation, org design, AI, and global growth"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-118-will-gaybrick-president-of-product-and/id1606770839?i=1000670156025
+    id: source-39cb086a5372e02b17bc
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: TechCrunch
     published_at: 2014-12-02
@@ -555,6 +608,20 @@ sources:
     url: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/coronavirus/riding-record-valuations-fintech-companies-keep-hiring-lawyers
     id: source-3d6c52f0fa2137ac7a41
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: a16z
+    published_at: 2026-02-20
+    title: "Patrick Collison on Stripe's early choices, Smalltalk, and what comes after coding"
+    url: https://a16z.com/podcast/patrick-collison-on-stripes-early-choices-smalltalk-and-what-comes-after-coding
+    id: source-3e4c405e9bd479571d83
+    media_type: podcast
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The Gray Area
+    published_at: 2016-12-06
+    title: "Stripe CEO Patrick Collison on management, rationalism, and the Enlightenment"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/no/podcast/stripe-ceo-patrick-collison-on-management-rationalism/id1081584611?i=1000378637097
+    id: source-4091456d98a90957fe07
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe Press
     title: Working in Public
@@ -580,6 +647,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://press.stripe.com/scaling-people
     id: source-46bb338c33a88fca0929
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: "The #ANGELS Podcast"
+    published_at: 2021-05-10
+    title: "Claire Hughes Johnson, COO of Stripe"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/claire-hughes-johnson-coo-of-stripe/id1550832941?i=1000521087003
+    id: source-472eb2b12343ba3fa8e5
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Meta
     published_at: 2025-04-11
@@ -635,6 +709,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://paystack.com/stripe
     id: source-4cba29dde5bde54884d6
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Greymatter
+    published_at: 2023-02-14
+    title: "Stripe's Patrick Collison: Micro Pessimism, Macro Optimism"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/mu/podcast/stripes-patrick-collison-micro-pessimism-macro-optimism/id1089013200?i=1000599602701
+    id: source-4cf5bde77c3a4330d227
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: interview
     publisher: Colossus
     published_at: 2020-06-16
@@ -728,6 +809,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/en-cy/newsroom/news/toronto
     id: source-56f670931dbb37ef809e
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Stanford eCorner
+    published_at: 2023-05-24
+    title: "Claire Hughes Johnson on scaling operations and culture at Stripe"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/claire-hughes-johnson-stripe-scaling-operations-and/id80867514?i=1000614322138
+    id: source-57a7fe4d5d7acd711d7b
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: interview
     publisher: Wharton FinTech Podcast
     published_at: 2026-01-14
@@ -755,6 +843,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://www.sfgate.com/tech/article/stripe-lays-off-1000-employees-17556389.php
     id: source-5a48b33330f710b1c700
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The Knowledge Project
+    published_at: 2018-05-02
+    title: "Patrick Collison: Earning Your Stripes"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/32-patrick-collison-earning-your-stripes/id990149481?i=1000410487693
+    id: source-5abe9c3805865ebd263c
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe Press
     title: An Elegant Puzzle
@@ -801,6 +896,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/blog/ending-bitcoin-support
     id: source-61963e80f78f63567415
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The David McWilliams Podcast
+    published_at: 2022-06-20
+    title: "The future of the internet economy with John Collison"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-future-of-the-internet-economy-with-stripe/id1462649946?i=1000567104995
+    id: source-6321e360d21ebafc1539
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2020-12-03
@@ -808,6 +910,24 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/treasury
     id: source-642ae265859bee92a254
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Lenny's Podcast
+    published_at: 2023-05-04
+    title: "Building a culture of excellence | David Singleton"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0_IKKY3HCk
+    id: source-644e7df552ad28028b3a
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:F0_IKKY3HCk
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: 500 Global
+    published_at: 2013-08-13
+    title: "unSEXY Conf 2013: Patrick Collison, Stripe"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_4emS6D4og
+    id: source-650f1c1afaf31f558df3
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:y_4emS6D4og
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Anthropic
     published_at: 2025-10-07
@@ -856,6 +976,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://rootsofprogress.org/about/
     id: source-6a70e99c09c187ea49b2
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Cursor
+    published_at: 2025-07-17
+    title: "Patrick Collison on programming languages, AI, and Stripe's biggest engineering decisions"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/id/podcast/patrick-collison-on-programming-languages-ai-and/id1819406817?i=1000717598878
+    id: source-6c270caf7a0f7aea8142
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2017-04-13
@@ -1211,6 +1338,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/legal/ssa-services-terms#stripe-next-day-settlement
     id: source-97444be68e85216131c3
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Bloomberg Odd Lots
+    published_at: 2026-05-16
+    title: "Stripe's John Collison on how agentic commerce will reshape the internet"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhGqLqCzFac
+    id: source-98566fabeed1b3474821
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:QhGqLqCzFac
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: Axios
     published_at: 2026-07-24
@@ -1259,6 +1395,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://press.stripe.com/we-are-as-gods
     id: source-9dc6403512fc204f5744
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Grit
+    published_at: 2023-03-06
+    title: "Former Stripe COO Claire Hughes Johnson on scaling people"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/128-former-coo-corporate-officer-at-stripe-claire-hughes/id1510985491?i=1000602919224
+    id: source-9dee161b28ef4003aeb3
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: VentureBeat
     published_at: 2017-06-22
@@ -1336,6 +1479,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/22/stripe-steps-up-paypal-rivalry-with-australian-launch
     id: source-a7f01b8f3120c54b2b6b
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Newcomer
+    published_at: 2023-08-08
+    title: "Scaling People with Claire Hughes Johnson"
+    url: https://www.newcomer.co/p/scaling-people-with-claire-hughes
+    id: source-a83d235b649d61ebd04a
+    media_type: article
   - kind: filing
     publisher: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
     published_at: 2025-04-11
@@ -1378,6 +1528,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://arcinstitute.org/about
     id: source-af73c6bed56faf7ea27e
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Hard Fork
+    published_at: 2025-06-27
+    title: "Hard Fork Live, with Patrick Collison, Kathryn Zealand, Sam Altman & Brad Lightcap"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdNwzYMtPN8
+    id: source-af973a63a7068c0ccff9
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:jdNwzYMtPN8
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: TechCrunch
     published_at: 2011-03-28
@@ -1567,6 +1726,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/en-ca/newsroom/news/stripe-capital
     id: source-c5c46de8097c01eba667
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: YC Root Access
+    published_at: 2014-10-28
+    title: "Hiring and Culture, Part 2 | Patrick and John Collison"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Dl8rZ6qwE
+    id: source-c7d664518b9bba629716
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:H8Dl8rZ6qwE
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2021-04-27
@@ -1574,6 +1742,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/en-fr/newsroom/news/taxjar
     id: source-c87c7df4d40a29c6f83b
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: a16z
+    published_at: 2026-04-28
+    title: "John and Patrick Collison on Stripe's growth, agent commerce, and the future of software"
+    url: https://a16z.com/podcast/john-and-patrick-collison-on-stripes-growth-agent-commerce-and-the-future-of-software
+    id: source-c8cf9fc9a738a7673ab5
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: TechCrunch
     published_at: 2012-07-09
@@ -1642,6 +1817,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://podcasts.apple.com/za/podcast/140-from-stripes-fifth-engineer-to-serving-millions/id1512227295?i=1000773198342
     id: source-cf93160c4967b70fc148
     media_type: podcast
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The Minor Consult
+    published_at: 2023-05-15
+    title: "Stripe CEO Patrick Collison on innovating e-commerce and accelerating biomedical research"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stripe-ceo-patrick-collison-on-innovating-e-commerce/id1610419911?i=1000613083611
+    id: source-d09d6a2687fa0f13d64c
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: reporting
     publisher: Reuters
     published_at: 2024-10-21
@@ -1683,6 +1865,13 @@ sources:
     url: https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/harvard-next-on-menu-for-knowledge-hungry-dot-com-high-flyer-1.738348
     id: source-d506d7eb5c4011f06d96
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Squawk Pod
+    published_at: 2025-02-28
+    title: "Bonus Episode: Stripe CEO John Collison"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bonus-episode-stripe-ceo-john-collison-2-28-25/id1480890290?i=1000696834852
+    id: source-d5562f80014ab418430b
+    media_type: podcast
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2016-02-24
@@ -1732,6 +1921,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/blog/sessions-keynote-2021
     id: source-da5bc3eea46cefe0be5e
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: Stripe
+    published_at: 2023-10-06
+    title: "Arthur Mensch and John Collison | Stripe AI Day Paris"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXN5xSXJ1Is
+    id: source-daf244691067ecfd0a84
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:yXN5xSXJ1Is
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Arc Institute
     published_at: 2021-12-15
@@ -1923,6 +2121,15 @@ sources:
     url: https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/17/once-close-enough-for-an-acquisition-stripe-and-airwallex-are-now-going-after-each-other/
     id: source-ee8d68525578975d8f67
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: The Peel
+    published_at: 2025-11-13
+    title: "Inside Stripe: Stablecoins, AI, and (not) going public | Will Gaybrick"
+    url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM1_NADNSgI
+    id: source-ef5f15ce3644987cd0d2
+    language: en
+    media_type: video
+    native_id: youtube:AM1_NADNSgI
   - kind: primary
     publisher: Stripe
     published_at: 2020-05-26
@@ -2047,3 +2254,10 @@ sources:
     url: https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/stripe-launches-uae
     id: source-ff627c78180e70f274cb
     media_type: article
+  - kind: interview
+    publisher: SaaStr
+    published_at: 2023-02-22
+    title: "Extreme Product Design with Stripe CTO David Singleton"
+    url: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/saastr-636-extreme-product-design-building-things-people/id1089973241?i=1000601129097
+    id: source-ff6b00bcb15ca05ca7f4
+    media_type: podcast
diff --git a/scripts/audit-history-research.test.ts b/scripts/audit-history-research.test.ts
index 58993ad..957381c 100644
--- a/scripts/audit-history-research.test.ts
+++ b/scripts/audit-history-research.test.ts
@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ describe("Stripe history research audit", () => {
     expect(report.historyFiles).toBe(11);
     expect(report.events).toBeGreaterThan(200);
     expect(report.valuations).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(25);
-    expect(report.appearances).toBe(13);
+    expect(report.appearances).toBe(41);
     expect(report.sources).toBeGreaterThan(250);
     expect(report.datasetReferencedSources).toBeLessThanOrEqual(report.referencedSources);
     expect(report.mutableSourceUrls).toBe(1);
     expect(report.mutableSourceSnapshots).toBe(5);
-    expect(report.researchRuns).toBe(4);
+    expect(report.researchRuns).toBe(5);
     expect(report.referencedSources + report.unreferencedSources).toBe(report.sources);
     expect(report.unreferencedSources).toBe(0);
     expect(report.collectionInputs).toBeGreaterThan(40);
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ describe("Stripe history research audit", () => {
 
     const evolvedReport = await auditHistoryResearch(temporaryProject);
     expect(evolvedReport).toMatchObject({
-      researchRuns: 5,
+      researchRuns: 6,
     });
 
     const [unfinishedPlan] = await planHistoryResearchDiscovery(
@@ -370,6 +370,23 @@ describe("Stripe history research audit", () => {
     );
   });
 
+  test("binds historical backfills to their prior accepted corpus", async () => {
+    const temporaryProject = await copyResearchProject();
+    const runsPath = join(temporaryProject, "public", "research", "runs.yml");
+    const runs = parse(await readFile(runsPath, "utf8")) as {
+      runs: Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+    };
+    const backfill = runs.runs.find(({ collection, kind }) =>
+      kind === "backfill" && collection === "founder-appearances");
+    if (backfill === undefined) throw new Error("Missing founder appearance backfill fixture");
+    backfill.accepted_input_sha256 = "0".repeat(64);
+    await writeFile(runsPath, stringify(runs));
+
+    await expect(auditHistoryResearch(temporaryProject)).rejects.toThrow(
+      "founder-appearances backfill accepted-input digest is invalid",
+    );
+  });
+
   test("requires complete evidence for every all-accepted input in strict archive mode", async () => {
     const temporaryProject = await copyResearchProject();
     const captureRoot = await temporaryCaptureRoot();
@@ -379,13 +396,6 @@ describe("Stripe history research audit", () => {
       sourceUrl: "https://stripe.com/blog/changelog",
       status: "complete",
     });
-    const appearanceEvidence = "complete a16z appearance capture evidence";
-    await writeWebCapture(captureRoot, "tokens-are-the-new-dollars-evidence-2026-08-19", {
-      capturedAt: "2026-08-19T12:00:00.000Z",
-      evidence: appearanceEvidence,
-      sourceUrl: "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5iICDVn5gc",
-      status: "complete",
-    });
     const collectionsPath = join(temporaryProject, "public", "research", "collections.yml");
     const collections = parse(await readFile(collectionsPath, "utf8")) as {
       mutable_sources: Array<{ capture_evidence: { sha256: string } }>;
@@ -395,17 +405,32 @@ describe("Stripe history research audit", () => {
     mutable.capture_evidence.sha256 = createHash("sha256").update(evidence).digest("hex");
     const runsPath = join(temporaryProject, "public", "research", "runs.yml");
     const runs = parse(await readFile(runsPath, "utf8")) as {
-      runs: Array<{ collection: string; decisions?: Array<{ evidence?: { sha256: string } }> }>;
+      runs: Array<{
+        decisions?: Array<{
+          candidate_url: string;
+          evidence?: {
+            capture_slug: string;
+            captured_on: string;
+            sha256: string;
+          };
+        }>;
+      }>;
     };
-    const appearanceRun = runs.runs.find(({ collection, decisions }) =>
-      collection === "founder-appearances" && decisions !== undefined && decisions.length > 0);
-    const appearanceDecision = appearanceRun?.decisions?.[0];
-    if (appearanceDecision?.evidence === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Missing appearance evidence fixture");
+    for (const run of runs.runs) {
+      for (const decision of run.decisions ?? []) {
+        if (decision.evidence === undefined) continue;
+        const decisionEvidence = `complete evidence for ${decision.candidate_url}`;
+        await writeWebCapture(captureRoot, decision.evidence.capture_slug, {
+          capturedAt: `${decision.evidence.captured_on}T12:00:00.000Z`,
+          evidence: decisionEvidence,
+          sourceUrl: decision.candidate_url,
+          status: "complete",
+        });
+        decision.evidence.sha256 = createHash("sha256")
+          .update(decisionEvidence)
+          .digest("hex");
+      }
     }
-    appearanceDecision.evidence.sha256 = createHash("sha256")
-      .update(appearanceEvidence)
-      .digest("hex");
     await Promise.all([
       writeFile(collectionsPath, stringify(collections)),
       writeFile(runsPath, stringify(runs)),
diff --git a/scripts/audit-history-research.ts b/scripts/audit-history-research.ts
index c9c66eb..60ee8f9 100644
--- a/scripts/audit-history-research.ts
+++ b/scripts/audit-history-research.ts
@@ -492,6 +492,23 @@ function baselinePlanPayload(
   };
 }
 
+function backfillPlanPayload(
+  collection: ResearchCollection,
+  acceptedSourceIds: readonly string[],
+  artifactUrl: string,
+  reviewWindow: Readonly<{ from: string; through: string }>,
+): Readonly<Record<string, unknown>> {
+  return {
+    acceptedInputSha256: sha256(canonicalJson(acceptedSourceIds)),
+    acceptedSourceIds,
+    artifactUrl,
+    collection: collection.id,
+    dataset: collection.dataset,
+    reviewWindow,
+    schema: "stripe-history/research-backfill-plan/v1",
+  };
+}
+
 export function stableCandidateDecisionId(
   collection: string,
   planSha256: string,
@@ -659,6 +676,68 @@ function verifyDiscoveryRun(
   }
 }
 
+function verifyBackfillRun(
+  run: Extract<ResearchRun, { kind: "backfill" }>,
+  collection: ResearchCollection,
+  sourceById: ReadonlyMap<string, ResearchSource>,
+): void {
+  if (run.collection !== collection.id) {
+    throw new Error(`Backfill run ${run.plan_sha256} has inconsistent collection identity`);
+  }
+  if (run.review_window.through > collection.coverage.through) {
+    throw new Error(`${collection.id} backfill review exceeds collection coverage`);
+  }
+  const expectedAcceptedDigest = sha256(canonicalJson(run.accepted_source_ids));
+  if (run.accepted_input_sha256 !== expectedAcceptedDigest) {
+    throw new Error(`${collection.id} backfill accepted-input digest is invalid`);
+  }
+  const expectedPlanDigest = sha256(canonicalJson(backfillPlanPayload(
+    collection,
+    run.accepted_source_ids,
+    run.artifact_url,
+    run.review_window,
+  )));
+  if (run.plan_sha256 !== expectedPlanDigest) {
+    throw new Error(`${collection.id} backfill plan digest is invalid`);
+  }
+  assertCanonicalUrlValue(run.artifact_url, `${collection.id} backfill artifact`);
+  for (const sourceId of run.accepted_source_ids) {
+    if (!sourceById.has(sourceId)) {
+      throw new Error(`${collection.id} backfill input references missing ${sourceId}`);
+    }
+  }
+  for (const decision of run.decisions) {
+    assertCanonicalUrlValue(decision.candidate_url, `${collection.id} ${decision.candidate_id}`);
+    const expectedId = stableCandidateDecisionId(
+      collection.id,
+      run.plan_sha256,
+      decision.candidate_url,
+      decision.native_id,
+    );
+    if (decision.candidate_id !== expectedId) {
+      throw new Error(`${collection.id} candidate ${decision.candidate_id} must use ${expectedId}`);
+    }
+    if (decision.disposition === "accepted") {
+      const source = sourceById.get(decision.source_id);
+      if (source === undefined) {
+        throw new Error(`${collection.id} accepted candidate references missing ${decision.source_id}`);
+      }
+      if (canonicalCaptureUrl(source.url) !== canonicalCaptureUrl(decision.candidate_url)) {
+        throw new Error(`${collection.id} accepted candidate URL does not match ${decision.source_id}`);
+      }
+      if (decision.evidence.status !== "complete") {
+        throw new Error(`${collection.id} accepted candidate requires complete capture evidence`);
+      }
+    } else if (decision.disposition === "duplicate") {
+      if (!sourceById.has(decision.duplicate_of_source_id)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `${collection.id} duplicate candidate references missing ${decision.duplicate_of_source_id}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function verifyResearchRuns(
   loaded: LoadedResearch,
   sourceById: ReadonlyMap<string, ResearchSource>,
@@ -674,6 +753,7 @@ function verifyResearchRuns(
       throw new Error(`${collection.id} does not accept discovery-run ledger entries`);
     }
     if (run.kind === "discovery") verifyDiscoveryRun(run, collection, sourceById);
+    if (run.kind === "backfill") verifyBackfillRun(run, collection, sourceById);
   }
 
   for (const collection of loaded.collections) {
@@ -682,13 +762,22 @@ function verifyResearchRuns(
     const completeRuns = runs
       .filter((run) => run.status === "complete")
       .toSorted((left, right) => {
-        const leftTarget = left.kind === "baseline-import"
-          ? left.target_through
-          : left.plan.watermark.targetThrough;
-        const rightTarget = right.kind === "baseline-import"
-          ? right.target_through
-          : right.plan.watermark.targetThrough;
-        return leftTarget.localeCompare(rightTarget);
+        const target = (run: ResearchRun): string => {
+          if (run.kind === "baseline-import") return run.target_through;
+          if (run.kind === "discovery") return run.plan.watermark.targetThrough;
+          return run.completed_on;
+        };
+        const rank = (run: ResearchRun): number => {
+          if (run.kind === "baseline-import") return 0;
+          if (run.kind === "discovery") return 1;
+          return 2;
+        };
+        const digest = (run: ResearchRun): string => run.kind === "discovery"
+          ? run.plan.planSha256
+          : run.plan_sha256;
+        return target(left).localeCompare(target(right))
+          || rank(left) - rank(right)
+          || digest(left).localeCompare(digest(right));
       });
     const baselineRuns = completeRuns.filter((run) => run.kind === "baseline-import");
     if (baselineRuns.length !== 1 || completeRuns[0]?.kind !== "baseline-import") {
@@ -721,25 +810,28 @@ function verifyResearchRuns(
     let acceptedSourceIds = [...imported];
     let reviewedThrough = baseline.target_through;
     for (const run of completeRuns.slice(1)) {
-      if (run.kind !== "discovery") {
+      if (run.kind === "baseline-import") {
         throw new Error(`${collection.id} cannot contain a second baseline import`);
       }
-      if (run.plan.watermark.reviewedThrough !== reviewedThrough) {
-        throw new Error(`${collection.id} complete discovery runs must form a watermark chain`);
+      const runAcceptedSourceIds = run.kind === "discovery"
+        ? run.plan.acceptedSourceIds
+        : run.accepted_source_ids;
+      if (!sameValues(runAcceptedSourceIds, acceptedSourceIds)) {
+        const label = run.kind === "discovery" ? "discovery" : "backfill";
+        throw new Error(`${collection.id} ${label} inputs do not match the prior complete run`);
       }
-      if (!sameValues(run.plan.acceptedSourceIds, acceptedSourceIds)) {
-        throw new Error(`${collection.id} discovery inputs do not match the prior complete run`);
+      if (run.kind === "discovery" && run.plan.watermark.reviewedThrough !== reviewedThrough) {
+        throw new Error(`${collection.id} complete discovery runs must form a watermark chain`);
       }
       acceptedSourceIds = [
         ...acceptedSourceIds,
-        ...run.decisions
-          .filter((decision) => decision.disposition === "accepted")
-          .map(({ source_id: sourceId }) => sourceId),
+        ...run.decisions.flatMap((decision) =>
+          decision.disposition === "accepted" ? [decision.source_id] : []),
       ].toSorted();
       if (new Set(acceptedSourceIds).size !== acceptedSourceIds.length) {
-        throw new Error(`${collection.id} complete discovery run re-accepts an existing source`);
+        throw new Error(`${collection.id} complete run re-accepts an existing source`);
       }
-      reviewedThrough = run.plan.watermark.targetThrough;
+      if (run.kind === "discovery") reviewedThrough = run.plan.watermark.targetThrough;
     }
     if (reviewedThrough !== collection.coverage.through) {
       throw new Error(
@@ -1202,7 +1294,7 @@ async function verifyDeclaredCaptureEvidence(
     );
   }
   for (const run of loaded.researchRuns) {
-    if (run.kind !== "discovery") continue;
+    if (run.kind === "baseline-import") continue;
     for (const decision of run.decisions) {
       if (decision.evidence !== undefined) {
         await verifyCaptureEvidenceBundle(