diff --git a/.github/workflows/gdid_tracker.yml b/.github/workflows/gdid_tracker.yml
index bd7ac94..ecd12a6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gdid_tracker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gdid_tracker.yml
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      # Set up the Python 3.14 environment
+      # Set up the Python 3.13 environment
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
-          python-version: '3.14'
+          python-version: '3.13'
 
       # Install required Python dependencies
       - name: Install dependencies
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
       # Create a Pull Request with updated GDID sets
       - name: Create Pull Request
         id: cpr
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v8
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
         with:
           commit-message: Auto-update GDID sets
           title: Auto-update GDID sets
@@ -77,9 +77,11 @@ jobs:
           labels: automated, gdid-update
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      # Enable auto-merge for the created Pull Request and auto-delete the branch on merge
-      - name: Enable Auto-Merge and Auto-Delete Branch
+      # Enable auto-merge for the created Pull Request
+      - name: Enable Auto-Merge
         if: steps.cpr.outputs.pull-request-number != ''
-        run: gh pr merge --auto --squash --delete-branch ${{ steps.cpr.outputs.pull-request-number }}
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
\ No newline at end of file
+        uses: peter-evans/enable-pull-request-automerge@v3
+        with:
+          pull-request-number: ${{ steps.cpr.outputs.pull-request-number }}
+          merge-method: squash
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
index 1cfe9bd..599095d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ name: TestHarness (macOS)
 on:
   schedule:
     # Execute on the 31st for months with 31 days
-    - cron: '0 0 31 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 *'
+    - cron: '5 4 31 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 *'
     # Execute on the 30th for months with 30 days
-    - cron: '0 0 30 4,6,9,11 *'
+    - cron: '5 4 30 4,6,9,11 *'
     # Execute on the 29th of February (Leap years)
-    - cron: '0 0 29 2 *'
+    - cron: '5 4 29 2 *'
     # Execute on the 28th of February (Non-leap years)
-    - cron: '0 0 28 2 *'
+    - cron: '5 4 28 2 *'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
           export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
           export PATH="$GEM_HOME/bin:$PATH"
           gem install bundler > /dev/null 2>&1
-          bundle config set --local path vendor/bundle
+          bundle config set --local path .vendor/bundle
           bundle install > /dev/null 2>&1
 
           # Launch the Jekyll server in the background
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
index 93c45a9..dbc8063 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ name: TestHarness (Ubuntu)
 on:
   schedule:
     # Execute on the 31st for months with 31 days
-    - cron: '0 1 31 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 *'
+    - cron: '15 4 31 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 *'
     # Execute on the 30th for months with 30 days
-    - cron: '0 1 30 4,6,9,11 *'
+    - cron: '15 4 30 4,6,9,11 *'
     # Execute on the 29th of February (Leap years)
-    - cron: '0 1 29 2 *'
+    - cron: '15 4 29 2 *'
     # Execute on the 28th of February (Non-leap years)
-    - cron: '0 1 28 2 *'
+    - cron: '15 4 28 2 *'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
@@ -53,16 +53,6 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get -qq install -y rustc freeglut3-dev nasm > /dev/null
         shell: bash
 
-      # Install Google Chrome for Selenium-based browser testing
-      - name: Install Google Chrome
-        run: |
-          # Configure the Google Chrome repository and signing key
-          wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
-          sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
-          sudo apt-get -qq update > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get -qq install -y google-chrome-stable > /dev/null
-        shell: bash
-
       # Initialize the Jekyll server and execute the test suite
       - name: Start Jekyll Server and Run Tests
         run: |
@@ -75,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
 
           # Install Bundler and required Ruby gems
           gem install bundler --quiet --no-document > /dev/null
-          bundle config set --local path vendor/bundle
+          bundle config set --local path .vendor/bundle
           bundle install --quiet > /dev/null
 
           # Launch the Jekyll server in the background
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index 12266cc..4cce620 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ name: TestHarness (Windows)
 on:
   schedule:
     # Execute on the 31st for months with 31 days
-    - cron: '0 2 31 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 *'
+    - cron: '25 4 31 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 *'
     # Execute on the 30th for months with 30 days
-    - cron: '0 2 30 4,6,9,11 *'
+    - cron: '25 4 30 4,6,9,11 *'
     # Execute on the 29th of February (Leap years)
-    - cron: '0 2 29 2 *'
+    - cron: '25 4 29 2 *'
     # Execute on the 28th of February (Non-leap years)
-    - cron: '0 2 28 2 *'
+    - cron: '25 4 28 2 *'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
 
           # Install Bundler and required Ruby gems
           gem install bundler --quiet > $null 2>&1
-          bundle config set --local path vendor/bundle
+          bundle config set --local path .vendor/bundle
           bundle install --quiet > $null 2>&1
         shell: pwsh
 
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index defc46f..cdf752d 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,5 +2,9 @@ _site
 .jekyll-cache
 .jekyll-metadata
 .bundle
+.vendor
+.venv
 vendor
-Gemfile.lock
\ No newline at end of file
+venv
+Gemfile.lock
+__pycache__
diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index 877040b..ef13632 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -11,9 +11,24 @@
     // Editor Clarity
     "editor.wordWrap": "on",                     // Wrap long lines for readability
 
+    // Files and Folders Visibility
+    "explorer.excludeGitIgnore": true,
+
     // Python Linting & IntelliSense
     "python.linting.enabled": true,              // Enables linting in VS Code
     "python.linting.pylintEnabled": true,        // Uses Pylint for linting
     "python.formatting.provider": "black",       // Uses Black for consistent formatting
-    "python.analysis.typeCheckingMode": "basic"  // Enables basic type checking
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    "python.analysis.typeCheckingMode": "basic", // Enables basic type checking
+
+    // General Formatting & Whitespace
+    "files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true,        // Removes trailing whitespace on save
+    "files.insertFinalNewline": true,            // Ensures files end with a newline
+
+    // Performance: Exclude vendor directories from search and watchers
+    "search.exclude": {
+        "**/.vendor": true
+    },
+    "files.watcherExclude": {
+        "**/.vendor/**": true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index 0969aea..22cca7e 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ---
 title: 404 Page Not Found
 layout: none
+robots: noindex
 ---
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
-<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="9; url={{ site.url }}">
 {%- include head.html -%}
 
 <body>
@@ -16,27 +16,16 @@
                 <h5 style="color: #b30000;"><i class="bi bi-emoji-frown"></i> 404 Page Not Found</h5>
             </div>
             <div class="box card-footer">
-                <div style="color: var(--textcolor); font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">The page you are looking for doesn't exist. We apologize for the inconvenience. You will be auto-redirected to GoDarda.</div>
-                <div style="color: var(--textcolor); font-size: 40px; font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span id="timer">9</span>s</div>
-                <script type="text/javascript">
-                document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
-                    var cnt = 9;
-                    var timerEl = document.getElementById("timer");
-                    var intervalId = setInterval(function() {
-                        cnt--;
-                        if (cnt >= 0 && timerEl) {
-                            timerEl.innerHTML = cnt;
-                        }
-                        if (cnt <= 0) {
-                            clearInterval(intervalId);
-                            window.location.href = "{{ site.url }}";
-                        }
-                    }, 1000);
-                });
-                </script>
+                <div style="color: var(--textcolor); font-weight: normal; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1rem;">The page you are looking for doesn't exist. We apologize for the inconvenience. You can use the links below to navigate:</div>
+                <div class="text-center">
+                    <a href="{{ site.url }}" class="btn btn-outline-secondary m-1"><i class="bi bi-house-door"></i> Home</a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.url }}/learn" class="btn btn-outline-secondary m-1"><i class="bi bi-book"></i> Learn</a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.url }}/tools" class="btn btn-outline-secondary m-1"><i class="bi bi-tools"></i> Tools</a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.url }}/about" class="btn btn-outline-secondary m-1"><i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i> About</a>
+                </div>
             </div>
         </div>
     </div>
 </div>
 </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/CNAME b/CNAME
index 5f891c4..ed6c9ad 100644
--- a/CNAME
+++ b/CNAME
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-godarda.in
-www.godarda.in
\ No newline at end of file
+godarda.in
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 711dba1..442e4e7 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -82,21 +82,18 @@ We're thrilled to have you contribute! This guide walks you through the full onb
    ```bash
    git checkout -b feature/my-contribution
    ```
-5. Run the platform-specific setup script to initialize your environment:
-   #### **macOS:**
+5. Run the setup script to initialize your environment:
+   #### **macOS & Ubuntu:**
    ```
-   $ python3 setups/macos.py full
+   $ python3 setups/run.py full
    ```
-   #### **Ubuntu:**
-   ```
-   $ python3 setups/ubuntu.py full
-   ```
-   #### **Windows:** Ensure [Visual Studio Code][gdwyygg], [Python][gdkweoz], and [Ruby][gdkwzyw] are installed and then follow these steps:
+   #### **Windows:**
+   Ensure [Visual Studio Code][gdwyygg], [Python][gdkweoz], and [Ruby][gdkwzyw] are installed and then follow these steps:
    ```
    PS D:\> Open Visual Studio Code -> Terminal  
-   PS D:\godarda.github.io> python setups/windows.py full  
+   PS D:\godarda.github.io> python setups/run.py full  
    ```
-   - All setup scripts are located in the [`setups/`][gdgggza] directory and are platform-specific (`macos.py`, `ubuntu.py`, `windows.py`).
+   - The setup script is located in the [`setups/`][gdgggza] directory.
    - The site runs locally on port `4000` by default. You can access it via `http://127.0.0.1:4000` or `http://localhost:4000`.
 6. Make your changes  
 7. Commit and push:
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index a7b5e3d..c574ed4 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ gem "jekyll", "~> 4.4.1"
 group :jekyll_plugins do
   # Generates sitemap.xml for SEO and search engine indexing
   gem "jekyll-sitemap"
+  # Required for Faraday v2.0+ middleware
+  gem "faraday-retry"
 end
 
 # Platform-specific dependencies for Windows and JRuby
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ platforms :windows, :jruby do
 end
 
 # File system watcher for Windows platforms
-gem 'wdm', '~> 0.2.0' if Gem.win_platform? && ENV['CI'].nil?
+gem 'wdm', '~> 0.2.0' if Gem.win_platform?
 
 # HTTP parser for JRuby compatibility
 gem "http_parser.rb", "~> 0.6.0", platforms: [:jruby]
@@ -33,4 +35,4 @@ gem "csv"           # CSV parsing and generation
 gem "logger"        # Logging utilities
 gem "base64"        # Base64 encoding and decoding
 gem "webrick"       # Required for Jekyll 4.x on Ruby 3.x
-gem "faraday-retry" # Required for Faraday v2.0+ middleware
\ No newline at end of file
+gem "net-http"      # Required for Faraday v2.0+ default adapter
diff --git a/_config.yml b/_config.yml
index 2687e30..ed74917 100644
--- a/_config.yml
+++ b/_config.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# GoDarda — Production Site Configuration
-# Maintainer: Shubham Darda
+# =============================================================================
 #
-# This file controls site metadata, asset references, templates, and build settings.
+#  Project    : GoDarda
+#  File       : Site Configuration (_config.yml)
+#  Created    : September 1, 2020
+#  Maintainer : Shubham Darda
+#  Purpose    : This file defines the core configuration for the GoDarda site,
+#               including metadata, asset paths, build settings, and plugin management.
 #
-# Guidelines:
-# - Prefer non-breaking changes for production stability.
-# - Verify external CDN URLs and SRI hashes before committing.
-# - Do not store secrets or private tokens here; use environment variables.
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Guidelines :
+#  1. Stability First: Prioritize non-breaking changes.
+#  2. Security: Verify all external URLs and SRI hashes upon update.
+#  3. No Secrets: Use environment variables for sensitive data.
+#
+# =============================================================================
 
 title: GoDarda
 url: https://godarda.in
@@ -19,8 +23,9 @@ architect: Shubham Darda
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Asset References
 # Define third-party CDN links and local asset paths for consistent usage.
-# When updating resources with SRI hashes, ensure both the URL and 'i' (integrity)
-# fields are updated.
+# When updating resources with Subresource Integrity (SRI) hashes, ensure both the
+# URL and the corresponding integrity field (e.g., 'bs_cssi') are updated to
+# maintain security.
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 gd_css: assets/css/gd.css
 gd_color_css: assets/css/color.css
@@ -35,7 +40,7 @@ bs_jsi: sha384-FKyoEForCGlyvwx9Hj09JcYn3nv7wiPVlz7YYwJrWVcXK/BmnVDxM+D2scQbITxI
 
 # Optional icon/font libraries and client-side helpers
 bs_icons: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.13.1/font/bootstrap-icons.css
-jquery: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@3.7.1/dist/jquery.min.js
+jquery: https://code.jquery.com/jquery-4.0.0.min.js
 crypto_js: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.2.0/crypto-js.min.js
 
 # Open Graph / favicon / logos
@@ -49,26 +54,27 @@ analytics: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-8ZJLP1KH1R
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # UI Defaults & File Icons
-# HTML fragments used in templates for file badges, execution hints, and captions.
-# Ensure these remain valid HTML when editing.
+# Defines reusable HTML snippets for UI elements like file-type headers
+# (e.g., 'cfile') and terminal command examples (e.g., 'runc'). These are
+# injected into Markdown files for a consistent look and feel.
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 highlighter: rouge
-cfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.c</span>"
-cppfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.cpp</span>"
-javafile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-java'> GD.java</span>"
-pyfile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-py'> gd.py</span>"
-rfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.r</span>"
-juliafile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.jl</span>"
-csfile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-cs'> Program.cs</span>"
-fsfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> Program.fs</span>"
-rustfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.rs</span>"
-lispfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.lisp</span>"
-shfile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-sh'> gd.sh</span>"
-asmfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.asm</span>"
-vbsfile: "<span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.vbs</span>"
-csvfile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-csv'> gd.csv</span>"
-jsonfile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-json'> gd.json</span>"
-excelfile: "<span class='bi bi-filetype-xlsx'> gd.xlsx</span>"
+cfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.c</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+cppfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.cpp</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+javafile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-java'> GD.java</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+pyfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-py'> gd.py</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+rfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.r</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+juliafile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.jl</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+csfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-cs'> Program.cs</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+fsfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> Program.fs</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+rustfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.rs</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+lispfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.lisp</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+shfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-sh'> gd.sh</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+asmfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.asm</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+vbsfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-file-code'> gd.vbs</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+csvfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-csv'> gd.csv</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+jsonfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-json'> gd.json</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
+excelfile: "<div class='d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center'><span class='bi bi-filetype-xlsx'> gd.xlsx</span><span class='copy-btn' role='button'><i class='bi bi-clipboard'></i></span></div>"
 
 # Execution hints for code blocks
 runc: "godarda@gd:~$ <mark>gcc gd.c</mark><br>godarda@gd:~$ <mark>./a.out</mark>"
@@ -87,7 +93,9 @@ runasm: "godarda@gd:~$ <mark>nasm -felf64 gd.asm</mark><br>godarda@gd:~$ <mark>l
 output: "<span class='bi bi-terminal'> Output</span>"
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Defaults: Configure how Jekyll processes files based on their path.
+# Defaults: Sets default front matter values for files based on their path.
+# This configuration applies the 'modern' layout to all pages site-wide,
+# avoiding the need to specify 'layout: modern' in every file.
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 defaults:
   -
@@ -117,8 +125,9 @@ exclude:
   - .jekyll-cache
   - .jekyll-metadata
   - .vscode
+  - .vendor
+  - .venv
   - android
-  - codes
   - CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
   - CONTRIBUTING.md
   - Gemfile
@@ -129,7 +138,6 @@ exclude:
   - SUPPORT.md
   - setups
   - tests
-  - vendor
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# End of configuration.
\ No newline at end of file
+# End of configuration.
diff --git a/_data/calculators.yml b/_data/calculators.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index a8d3113..0000000
--- a/_data/calculators.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-grandparent:
-- parent: Common Calculators
-  subtree: Common
-  url: calculators/common
-  children:
-  - url: calculators/common/gdzzvvv
-    title: String Length Calculator
-  - url: calculators/common/gdadocu
-    title: Character Calculator
-  - url: calculators/common/gdldvld
-    title: Expression Calculator
-sidenav:
-- parent: Calculators
-  url: calculators
-  children:
-  - title: Common Calculators
-    url: calculators/common
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_data/gd.yml b/_data/gd.yml
index 3f73d5d..e3b74f9 100644
--- a/_data/gd.yml
+++ b/_data/gd.yml
@@ -1,87 +1,87 @@
 segments:
   - title: C Programming
     url: c
-    parent: " / C / "
+    parent: " / C "
 
   - title: C++ Programming
     url: cpp
-    parent: " / C++ / "
+    parent: " / C++ "
 
   - title: Java Programming
     url: java
-    parent: " / Java / "
+    parent: " / Java "
 
   - title: Python Programming
     url: python
-    parent: " / Python / "
+    parent: " / Python "
 
   - title: Data Science
     url: ds
-    parent: " / DS / "
+    parent: " / DS "
 
   - title: R Programming
     url: r
-    parent: " / R / "
+    parent: " / R "
 
   - title: Julia Programming
     url: julia
-    parent: " / Julia / "
+    parent: " / Julia "
 
   - title: GNU Octave
     url: octave
-    parent: " / Octave / "
+    parent: " / Octave "
 
   - title: C# Programming
     url: csharp
-    parent: " / CSharp / "
+    parent: " / CSharp "
 
   - title: F# Programming
     url: fsharp
-    parent: " / FSharp / "
+    parent: " / FSharp "
 
   - title: Rust Programming
     url: rust
-    parent: " / Rust / "
+    parent: " / Rust "
 
   - title: LISP Programming
     url: lisp
-    parent: " / LISP / "
+    parent: " / LISP "
 
   - title: Data Structures and Algorithms
     url: dsa
-    parent: " / DSA / "
+    parent: " / DSA "
 
   - title: Linux Commands and Scripting
     url: linux
-    parent: " / Linux / "
+    parent: " / Linux "
 
   - title: MySQL (Relational Database)
     url: mysql
-    parent: " / MySQL / "
-    
+    parent: " / MySQL "
+
   - title: MongoDB (NoSQL Database)
     url: mongodb
-    parent: " / MongoDB / "
-    
+    parent: " / MongoDB "
+
   - title: Selenium WebDriver
     url: selenium
-    parent: " / Selenium / "
+    parent: " / Selenium "
 
   - title: Computer Graphics
     url: cg
-    parent: " / CG / "
+    parent: " / CG "
 
   - title: Assembly Programming
     url: asm
-    parent: " / ASM / "
+    parent: " / ASM "
 
   - title: Cluster
     url: cluster
-    parent: " / Cluster / "
-    
+    parent: " / Cluster "
+
   - title: About Us
     url: about
-    parent: " / About / "
+    parent: " / About "
 
   - title: Tools
     url: tools
@@ -89,19 +89,23 @@ segments:
 
   - title: Calculators
     url: calculators
-    parent: " / Calculators / "
+    parent: " / Calculators "
 
   - title: Converters
     url: converters
-    parent: " / Converters / "
+    parent: " / Converters "
+
+  - title: Generators
+    url: generators
+    parent: " / Generators "
+
+  - title: Utilities
+    url: utilities
+    parent: " / Utilities "
 
-  - title: Programming
+  - title: Programming and Tutorials
     url: learn
     parent: " / Learn "
-    
-  - title: GoDarda's Search
-    url: search
-    parent: " / Search "
 
   - title: Shubham Darda
     url: shubhamrdarda
@@ -109,4 +113,4 @@ segments:
 
   - title: GoDarda's TestApp
     url: testapp
-    parent: " / TestApp "
\ No newline at end of file
+    parent: " / TestApp "
diff --git a/_data/julia.yml b/_data/julia.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c61908..0000000
--- a/_data/julia.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-grandparent:
-- parent: Julia Command Line Interface
-  subtree: CLI
-  url: julia/cli
-  children:
-  - url: julia/cli/gdxkekw
-    title: Julia Arithmetic Operations
-  - url: julia/cli/gdavgeq
-    title: Julia Logical Operations
-  - url: julia/cli/gdadvew
-    title: Julia Exponents and Logarithms
-sidenav:
-- parent: Julia Programming
-  url: julia
-  children:
-  - title: Julia Command Line Interface
-    url: julia/cli
diff --git a/_data/asm.yml b/_data/learn/asm.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/asm.yml
rename to _data/learn/asm.yml
diff --git a/_data/c.yml b/_data/learn/c.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/c.yml
rename to _data/learn/c.yml
diff --git a/_data/cg.yml b/_data/learn/cg.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/cg.yml
rename to _data/learn/cg.yml
diff --git a/_data/cluster.yml b/_data/learn/cluster.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/cluster.yml
rename to _data/learn/cluster.yml
diff --git a/_data/cpp.yml b/_data/learn/cpp.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/cpp.yml
rename to _data/learn/cpp.yml
diff --git a/_data/csharp.yml b/_data/learn/csharp.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/csharp.yml
rename to _data/learn/csharp.yml
diff --git a/_data/ds.yml b/_data/learn/ds.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/ds.yml
rename to _data/learn/ds.yml
diff --git a/_data/dsa.yml b/_data/learn/dsa.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/dsa.yml
rename to _data/learn/dsa.yml
diff --git a/_data/fsharp.yml b/_data/learn/fsharp.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/fsharp.yml
rename to _data/learn/fsharp.yml
diff --git a/_data/java.yml b/_data/learn/java.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/java.yml
rename to _data/learn/java.yml
diff --git a/_data/learn/julia.yml b/_data/learn/julia.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c72788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_data/learn/julia.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+grandparent:
+- parent: Julia Fundamentals
+  subtree: Fundamentals
+  url: julia/fundamentals
+  children:
+  - url: julia/fundamentals/gdxkekw
+    title: Julia Arithmetic Operations
+  - url: julia/fundamentals/gdavgeq
+    title: Julia Logical Operations
+  - url: julia/fundamentals/gdadvew
+    title: Julia Exponents and Logarithms
+sidenav:
+- parent: Julia Programming
+  url: julia
+  children:
+  - title: Julia Fundamentals
+    url: julia/fundamentals
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_data/learn.yml b/_data/learn/learn.yml
similarity index 64%
rename from _data/learn.yml
rename to _data/learn/learn.yml
index b42b0df..8ca6e2b 100644
--- a/_data/learn.yml
+++ b/_data/learn/learn.yml
@@ -1,80 +1,80 @@
 segments:
   - title: C Programming
     url: c
-    parent: " / C / "
+    parent: "C"
 
   - title: C++ Programming
     url: cpp
-    parent: " / C++ / "
+    parent: "C++"
 
   - title: Java Programming
     url: java
-    parent: " / Java / "
+    parent: "Java"
 
   - title: Python Programming
     url: python
-    parent: " / Python / "
+    parent: "Python"
 
   - title: Data Science
     url: ds
-    parent: " / DS / "
+    parent: "DS"
 
   - title: R Programming
     url: r
-    parent: " / R / "
+    parent: "R"
 
   - title: Julia Programming
     url: julia
-    parent: " / Julia / "
+    parent: "Julia"
 
   - title: GNU Octave
     url: octave
-    parent: " / Octave / "
+    parent: "Octave"
 
   - title: C# Programming
     url: csharp
-    parent: " / CSharp / "
+    parent: "CSharp"
 
   - title: F# Programming
     url: fsharp
-    parent: " / FSharp / "
+    parent: "FSharp"
 
   - title: Rust Programming
     url: rust
-    parent: " / Rust / "
+    parent: "Rust"
 
   - title: LISP Programming
     url: lisp
-    parent: " / LISP / "
+    parent: "LISP"
 
   - title: Data Structures and Algorithms
     url: dsa
-    parent: " / DSA / "
+    parent: "DSA"
 
   - title: Linux Commands and Scripting
     url: linux
-    parent: " / Linux / "
+    parent: "Linux"
 
   - title: MySQL (Relational Database)
     url: mysql
-    parent: " / MySQL / "
+    parent: "MySQL"
     
   - title: MongoDB (NoSQL Database)
     url: mongodb
-    parent: " / MongoDB / "
+    parent: "MongoDB"
     
   - title: Selenium WebDriver
     url: selenium
-    parent: " / Selenium / "
+    parent: "Selenium"
 
   - title: Computer Graphics
     url: cg
-    parent: " / CG / "
+    parent: "CG"
 
   - title: Assembly Programming
     url: asm
-    parent: " / ASM / "
+    parent: "ASM"
 
   - title: Cluster
     url: cluster
-    parent: " / Cluster / "
\ No newline at end of file
+    parent: "Cluster"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_data/linux.yml b/_data/learn/linux.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/linux.yml
rename to _data/learn/linux.yml
diff --git a/_data/lisp.yml b/_data/learn/lisp.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/lisp.yml
rename to _data/learn/lisp.yml
diff --git a/_data/mongodb.yml b/_data/learn/mongodb.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/mongodb.yml
rename to _data/learn/mongodb.yml
diff --git a/_data/mysql.yml b/_data/learn/mysql.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/mysql.yml
rename to _data/learn/mysql.yml
diff --git a/_data/octave.yml b/_data/learn/octave.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/octave.yml
rename to _data/learn/octave.yml
diff --git a/_data/python.yml b/_data/learn/python.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/python.yml
rename to _data/learn/python.yml
diff --git a/_data/r.yml b/_data/learn/r.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/r.yml
rename to _data/learn/r.yml
diff --git a/_data/rust.yml b/_data/learn/rust.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/rust.yml
rename to _data/learn/rust.yml
diff --git a/_data/selenium.yml b/_data/learn/selenium.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from _data/selenium.yml
rename to _data/learn/selenium.yml
diff --git a/_data/tools.yml b/_data/tools.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index b5d3e02..0000000
--- a/_data/tools.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-segments:
-- title: Calculators
-  url: calculators
-  parent: " / Calculators / "
-
-- title: Converters
-  url: converters
-  parent: " / Converters / "
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_data/tools/calculators.yml b/_data/tools/calculators.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c58e07a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_data/tools/calculators.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+grandparent:
+- parent: Common Calculators
+  subtree: Common
+  url: calculators/common
+  children:
+  - url: calculators/common/gdldvld
+    title: Expression Calculator
+  - url: calculators/common/gddeqcn
+    title: Number Calculator
+  - url: calculators/common/gdzzvvv
+    title: String Length Calculator
+  - url: calculators/common/gdadocu
+    title: Character Calculator
+  - url: calculators/common/gdpklzu
+    title: BMI Calculator
+  - url: calculators/common/gdzoyew
+    title: Age Calculator
+- parent: Scientific Calculators
+  subtree: Scientific
+  url: calculators/scientific
+  children:
+  - url: calculators/scientific/gdizhat
+    title: Trigonometry Calculator
+sidenav:
+- parent: Calculators
+  url: calculators
+  children:
+  - title: Common Calculators
+    url: calculators/common
+  - title: Scientific Calculators
+    url: calculators/scientific
diff --git a/_data/converters.yml b/_data/tools/converters.yml
similarity index 97%
rename from _data/converters.yml
rename to _data/tools/converters.yml
index 17e189e..0066330 100644
--- a/_data/converters.yml
+++ b/_data/tools/converters.yml
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ grandparent:
     title: Area Converter
   - url: converters/common/gdwaaal
     title: Time Converter
+  - url: converters/common/gdwzdkr
+    title: Timezone Converter
 - parent: Physics Converters
   subtree: Physics
   url: converters/physics
diff --git a/_data/tools/generators.yml b/_data/tools/generators.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..648434b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_data/tools/generators.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+grandparent:
+- parent: Common Generators
+  subtree: Common
+  url: generators/common
+  children:
+  - url: generators/common/gdhzgsg
+    title: String Generator
+  - url: generators/common/gdgeldi
+    title: Number Generator
+sidenav:
+- parent: Generators
+  url: generators
+  children:
+  - title: Common Generators
+    url: generators/common
diff --git a/_data/tools/tools.yml b/_data/tools/tools.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59756a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_data/tools/tools.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+segments:
+- title: Calculators
+  url: calculators
+  parent: "Calculators"
+
+- title: Converters
+  url: converters
+  parent: "Converters"
+
+- title: Generators
+  url: generators
+  parent: "Generators"
+
+- title: Utilities
+  url: utilities
+  parent: "Utilities"
diff --git a/_data/tools/utilities.yml b/_data/tools/utilities.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ffb278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_data/tools/utilities.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+grandparent:
+- parent: Common Utilities
+  subtree: Common
+  url: utilities/common
+  children:
+  - url: utilities/common/gdcztzc
+    title: Timer
+  - url: utilities/common/gddwork
+    title: Stopwatch
+sidenav:
+- parent: Utilities
+  url: utilities
+  children:
+  - title: Common Utilities
+    url: utilities/common
diff --git a/_data/url.yml b/_data/url.yml
index fb19203..7f192f0 100644
--- a/_data/url.yml
+++ b/_data/url.yml
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ gddankd: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam
 linkedin: https://in.linkedin.com/company/godarda
 github: https://github.com/godarda
 repo: https://github.com/godarda/godarda.github.io
+teams: https://github.com/orgs/godarda/teams/orbit/teams
+issues: https://github.com/godarda/godarda.github.io/issues
+releases: https://github.com/orgs/godarda/discussions/categories/releases
 sponsor: https://github.com/sponsors/godarda
 discord: https://discord.gg/GxDtSkFqKQ
 slack: https://join.slack.com/t/godarda/shared_invite/zt-36lxefpki-dor9VzLkHrV51n7XbHencw
-android_app: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/godarda/godarda.github.io/master/android/app/release/godarda.apk
-sd_resume: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shubhamrdarda/shubhamrdarda/master/assets/pdf/Resume%20-%20Shubham%20Darda.pdf
\ No newline at end of file
+android_app: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/godarda/godarda.github.io/main/android/app/release/godarda.apk
+sd_resume: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shubhamrdarda/shubhamrdarda/master/assets/pdf/Resume%20-%20Shubham%20Darda.pdf
diff --git a/_includes/converter.html b/_includes/converter.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 913166e..0000000
--- a/_includes/converter.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-<div class="calc-panel">
-    <div class="row g-4">
-        <div class="col-12">
-            <!-- Result Cards Container -->
-            <div id="resultsContainer" class="row row-cols-1 g-2 mb-3">
-                <!-- Cards will be injected here -->
-            </div>
-
-            <!-- Input Section -->
-            <div class="input-group input-group-lg mb-3">
-                <input type="number" id="inputValue" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter value..." aria-label="Input value">
-                <select class="form-select" id="inputUnit" aria-label="Select unit">
-                    <!-- Options will be injected here -->
-                </select>
-            </div>
-
-            <div class="mt-2 muted small">Tip: results update as you type. Use 'Select Conversion Options' to customize the output.</div>
-            <div class="row g-2 mt-2">
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnClear" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Clear</button>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <div class="dropdown">
-                        <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle btn-sm" type="button" id="unitDropdownBtn" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
-                            Select Conversion Options
-                        </button>
-                        <ul class="dropdown-menu" id="unitDropdownMenu" aria-labelledby="unitDropdownBtn">
-                            <!-- Checkboxes will be injected here -->
-                        </ul>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-</div>
-
-<script src="/assets/js/converter.js"></script>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/tools.css">
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_includes/footer.html b/_includes/footer.html
deleted file mode 100644
index f1656dd..0000000
--- a/_includes/footer.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
-{%- if path[1] == "about" and path[2] == nil -%}{%- assign about_section = "about_home_true" -%}
-{%- elsif path[1] == "about" and path[2] != nil -%}{%- assign about_section = "about_home_false" -%}{%- endif -%}
-<div id="app" class="container {{ about_section }}" style="display: none;">
-    <div class="board">
-        <div class="boardtitle"><i class="bi bi-link"></i> Social Handles</div>
-        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.linkedin }}">LinkedIn</a>
-        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.github }}">GitHub</a>
-        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.discord }}">Discord</a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="board">
-        <div class="boardtitle"><i class="bi bi-gear-wide-connected"></i> App Settings</div>
-        <a id="version" class="card disabled"></a>
-        <a id="cache" class="card" href="clear:">Clear: Cache and History</a>
-        <a id="app-theme-switcher" class="card" style="cursor: pointer;">Theme: System Default</a>
-    </div>
-</div>
-
-{%- if path[1] == nil or path[1] == "testapp" -%}{%- assign flag = "block_webfooter" -%}{%- endif -%}
-<div id="backtotop" class="text-center" style="display: none; padding-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a class="back-to-top" style="cursor: pointer;" title="Back to top"><i class="svgicon bi bi-arrow-bar-up"></i></a>
-</div>
-
-<footer class="isWebsite {{ flag }}" id="isWebsite" style="display: none; padding-top: 15px;">
-    <div class="footer">
-        <div class="container">
-            <div class="row">
-                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
-                    <h6>What's new</h6>
-                    <a href="python/"><div><i class="bi bi-rocket"></i> Python</div></a>
-                    <a href="ds/"><div><i class="bi bi-pie-chart"></i> Data Science</div></a>
-                    <a href="mongodb/"><div><i class="bi bi-database"></i> MongoDB</div></a>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
-                    <h6>GoDarda</h6>
-                    <a href="about"><div><i class="bi bi-question-circle"></i> About Us</div></a>
-                    <a href="about/faqs"><div><i class="bi bi-star"></i> FAQs</div></a>
-                    <a href="shubhamrdarda"><div><i class="bi bi-person-square"></i> Meet Architect</div></a>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
-                    <h6>Useful Links</h6>
-                    <a href="about/terms"><div><i class="bi bi-card-text"></i> Terms</div></a>
-                    <a href="about/privacy"><div><i class="bi bi-shield-check"></i> Privacy</div></a>
-                    <a href="about/disclaimer"><div><i class="bi bi-exclamation-triangle"></i> Disclaimer</div></a>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
-                    <h6>Social Handles</h6>
-                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.linkedin }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn</div></a>
-                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.github }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-github"></i> GitHub</div></a>
-                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.discord }}"><div><i class="bi bi-discord"></i> Discord</div></a>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="modal fade" id="appmodal" data-bs-backdrop="static" data-bs-keyboard="false"
-        aria-labelledby="appmodalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
-        <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered">
-            <div class="modal-content">
-                <div class="modal-header">
-                    <h5 class="modal-title" id="appmodalLabel"><i class="bi bi-android2"></i> GoDarda Android App</h5>
-                </div>
-                <div class="modal-body">Dear User, <br>We are grateful for your interest in the GoDarda Android app. We
-                    intend to soon make it available on the Google Play Store. Currently, you need to install apk
-                    manually. Would you like to get the app?<br>Minimum Requirement(s): Android 11</div>
-                <div class="modal-footer justify-content-center">
-                    <a style="cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid #e63636;" class="btn" data-bs-dismiss="modal"><i class="bi bi-cloud-slash"></i> No</a>
-                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.android_app }}" style="border: 1px solid #00b050;" class="btn" onclick="$('#appmodal').modal('hide');"><i class="bi bi-cloud-arrow-down"></i> Yes</a>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="d-flex justify-content-center copyright-footer">
-        <small>&copy; {% assign current_year = 'now' | date: '%Y' %}{{ current_year }} {{ site.title }}. All Rights Reserved.</small>
-    </div>
-</footer>
-
-<footer class="isWebView" id="isWebView" style="display: none;">
-{% if path[1] == nil %}
-    {% assign f_home="wvnav-item-active" %}
-{% elsif path[1] == "tools" or path[1] == "calculators" or path[1] == "converters" %}
-    {% assign f_tools="wvnav-item-active" %}
-{% elsif path[1] == "about" or path[1] == "shubhamrdarda" %}
-    {% assign f_about="wvnav-item-active" %}
-{% else %}
-    {% assign f_learn="wvnav-item-active" %}
-{% endif %}
-<div class="d-flex justify-content-between wvnav">
-    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_home }}" href="{{ site.url }}"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_home }}- bi {% if f_home == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-house-heart-fill{% else %}bi-house-heart{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">Home</div></a>
-    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_learn }}" href="{{ site.url }}/learn"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_learn }}-{{ path[1] }} bi {% if f_learn == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-lightbulb-fill{% else %}bi-lightbulb{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">Learn</div></a>
-    <a id="share-button" class="wvnav-item" href="share:{{ site.url }}{{ page.url }}"><i class="wvsvg bi bi-share"></i><div class="text-center">Share</div></a>
-    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_tools }}" href="{{ site.url }}/tools"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_tools }}-{{ path[1] }} bi {% if f_tools == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-gear-fill{% else %}bi-gear{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">Tools</div></a>
-    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_about }}" href="{{ site.url }}/about"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_about }}-about bi {% if f_about == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-info-circle-fill{% else %}bi-info-circle{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">About</div></a>
-</div>
-</footer>
-
-<script type="text/javascript">
-/**
- * Fetches the latest version tag from GitHub commits and updates the UI.
- * The version tag is expected to be in the format vXX.XX.
- */
-async function showVersion() {
-    const versionElement = document.getElementById("version");
-    if (!versionElement) return;
-
-    try {
-        const response = await fetch("https://api.github.com/repos/godarda/godarda.github.io/commits");
-        const commits = await response.json();
-        const regex = /^v\d{2}\.\d{1,2}$/;
-        let versionCommit = null;
-
-        for (const commit of commits) {
-            const firstLine = commit.commit.message.split("\n")[0].trim();
-            if (regex.test(firstLine)) {
-                versionCommit = firstLine;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        versionElement.textContent = versionCommit ? `App Version: ${versionCommit}` : "App Version: (not tagged)";
-    } catch (error) {
-        console.error("Error fetching commits:", error);
-        versionElement.textContent = "App Version: (error)";
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Configures the UI for the native Android app environment.
- * This view features a bottom navigation bar and disables certain web functionalities.
- */
-function setupAppView() {
-    document.body.classList.add('is-webview');
-    document.getElementById("isWebView").style.display = "block";
-    document.getElementById("backtotop").style.marginBottom = "100px";
-
-    // Disable text selection and context menu for a more native feel
-    document.onselectstart = (e) => e.preventDefault();
-    $('body').on('contextmenu', () => false);
-
-    const aboutSection = document.getElementById("app");
-    if (aboutSection && aboutSection.classList.contains("about_home_true")) {
-        aboutSection.style.display = "block";
-    }
-
-    const shareButton = document.getElementById("share-button");
-    if (shareButton) {
-        let isClickDisabled = false;
-
-        // A single click will proceed, but rapid clicks (like a double-click) will be blocked.
-        shareButton.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
-            if (isClickDisabled) {
-                event.preventDefault(); // Block the second click of a double-click
-            } else {
-                isClickDisabled = true;
-                setTimeout(() => { isClickDisabled = false; }, 400); // Cooldown period
-            }
-        });
-
-        // Prevent the default double-click action (e.g., text selection) on the share button.
-        shareButton.addEventListener('dblclick', (event) => {
-            event.preventDefault();
-        });
-    }
-
-    // Activate share window on double-touch anywhere within the webview.
-    document.body.addEventListener('dblclick', (event) => {
-        // Prevent triggering share on interactive elements like links or buttons.
-        if (event.target.closest('a, button')) {
-            return;
-        }
-        window.location.href = "share:{{ site.url }}{{ page.url }}";
-    });
-}
-
-/**
- * Configures the UI for the standard web browser environment.
- * This view shows the standard website footer.
- */
-function setupWebAppView() {
-    const rsidebar = document.getElementById("rsidebar");
-    if (rsidebar) {
-        rsidebar.removeAttribute("style");
-    }
-
-    const webfooter = document.getElementById("isWebsite");
-    if (webfooter && !webfooter.classList.contains("block_webfooter")) {
-        webfooter.style.display = "block";
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Initializes the view based on the user agent, distinguishing between
- * the native app and a standard web browser. Also sets up UI event handlers.
- */
-function initializeView() {
-    // The user agent for the native app contains "GoDarda" or is a WebView
-    if (window.isWebview || (window.userAgent && window.userAgent.includes("GoDarda"))) {
-        setupAppView();
-    } else {
-        setupWebAppView();
-    }
-
-    // Setup for the 'Clear Cache' button
-    $("#cache").click(function () {
-        $(this).html("Cleared: Cache and History");
-        $(this).css("color", "#00b050");
-    });
-}
-
-// Fetch version information as soon as the script runs.
-showVersion();
-
-// Initialize the main view once the DOM is fully loaded.
-window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initializeView);
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_includes/footer_app.html b/_includes/footer_app.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af7ef6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/footer_app.html
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+{%- if path[1] == "about" and path[2] == nil -%}{%- assign about_section = "about_home_true" -%}
+{%- elsif path[1] == "about" and path[2] != nil -%}{%- assign about_section = "about_home_false" -%}{%- endif -%}
+<div id="app" class="container {{ about_section }}" style="display: none;">
+    <div class="board">
+        <div class="boardtitle">Resources</div>
+        <a class="card" href="about/faqs">Frequently Asked Questions</a>
+        <a class="card" href="about/contribute">Contribution Guide</a>
+        <a class="card" href="about/terms">Terms of Use</a>
+        <a class="card" href="about/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>
+        <a class="card" href="about/disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="board">
+        <div class="boardtitle">Contribute</div>
+        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.teams }}">Join Teams</a>
+        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.issues }}">Report Bug</a>
+        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.releases }}">Releases</a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="board">
+        <div class="boardtitle">Social Handles</div>
+        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.linkedin }}">LinkedIn</a>
+        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.github }}">GitHub</a>
+        <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.discord }}">Discord</a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="board">
+        <div class="boardtitle">App Settings</div>
+        <a id="version" class="card disabled"></a>
+        <a id="resetapp" class="card" href="reset:">Reset App (History, Cache, etc.)</a>
+        <a class="card d-flex flex-row align-items-center justify-content-between">
+            <span>Theme: </span>
+            <div class="btn-group" role="group" aria-label="Theme toggle button group">
+                <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="theme-radio" id="theme-auto" autocomplete="off" data-bs-theme-value="auto">
+                <label class="btn btn-outline-secondary" for="theme-auto">Auto</label>
+                <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="theme-radio" id="theme-dark" autocomplete="off" data-bs-theme-value="dark">
+                <label class="btn btn-outline-secondary" for="theme-dark">Dark</label>
+                <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="theme-radio" id="theme-light" autocomplete="off" data-bs-theme-value="light">
+                <label class="btn btn-outline-secondary" for="theme-light">Light</label>
+            </div>
+        </a>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<footer class="isWebView" id="isWebView" style="display: none;">
+{% assign tool_urls = site.data.tools.tools.segments | map: "url" %}
+{% assign learn_urls = site.data.learn.learn.segments | map: "url" %}
+{% if path[1] == nil %}
+    {% assign f_home="wvnav-item-active" %}
+{% elsif path[1] == "tools" or tool_urls contains path[1] %}
+    {% assign f_tools="wvnav-item-active" %}
+{% elsif path[1] == "about" or path[1] == "shubhamrdarda" %}
+    {% assign f_about="wvnav-item-active" %}
+{% elsif path[1] == "learn" or learn_urls contains path[1] %}
+    {% assign f_learn="wvnav-item-active" %}
+{% endif %}
+<div class="d-flex justify-content-between wvnav">
+    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_home }}" href="{{ site.url }}"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_home }}- bi {% if f_home == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-house-heart-fill{% else %}bi-house-heart{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">Home</div></a>
+    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_learn }}" href="{{ site.url }}/learn"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_learn }}-{{ path[1] }} bi {% if f_learn == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-lightbulb-fill{% else %}bi-lightbulb{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">Learn</div></a>
+    <a id="share-button" class="wvnav-item" href="share:{{ site.url }}{{ page.url }}"><i class="wvsvg bi bi-share"></i><div class="text-center">Share</div></a>
+    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_tools }}" href="{{ site.url }}/tools"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_tools }}-{{ path[1] }} bi {% if f_tools == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-gear-fill{% else %}bi-gear{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">Tools</div></a>
+    <a class="wvnav-item {{ f_about }}" href="{{ site.url }}/about"><i class="wvsvg {{ f_about }}-about bi {% if f_about == "wvnav-item-active" %}bi-info-circle-fill{% else %}bi-info-circle{% endif %}"></i><div class="text-center">About</div></a>
+</div>
+</footer>
+
+<script>
+async function showVersion() {
+    const versionElement = document.getElementById("version");
+    if (!versionElement) return;
+
+    const CACHE_KEY = "gd_app_version";
+    const now = new Date();
+    const year = now.getFullYear().toString().slice(-2);
+    const fallbackVersion = `App Version: v${year}`;
+    let cached = null;
+
+    try {
+        const stored = localStorage.getItem(CACHE_KEY);
+        if (stored) {
+            cached = JSON.parse(stored);
+            versionElement.textContent = cached.value;
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.error("Error reading version from localStorage:", e);
+    }
+
+    // Only check monthly if we have a valid, actual version cached (i.e., contains a dot).
+    // Otherwise, fetch on every load until a valid version is retrieved.
+    if (cached && cached.value.includes('.')) {
+        const lastFetch = new Date(cached.timestamp);
+        const isNewMonth = (now.getFullYear() > lastFetch.getFullYear()) ||
+                           (now.getFullYear() === lastFetch.getFullYear() && now.getMonth() > lastFetch.getMonth());
+        if (!isNewMonth) {
+            return; // We have a valid, recent version. No need to fetch.
+        }
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const response = await fetch(`https://api.github.com/repos/godarda/godarda.github.io/commits?per_page=10`, { cache: "no-store" });
+        if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
+        const commits = await response.json();
+        const regex = /^v\d{2}\.\d{1,2}/;
+        let versionCommit = null;
+
+        for (const commit of commits) {
+            const firstLine = commit.commit.message.split("\n")[0].trim();
+            const match = firstLine.match(regex);
+            if (match) { versionCommit = match[0]; break; }
+        }
+        if (versionCommit) {
+            const result = `App Version: ${versionCommit}`;
+            versionElement.textContent = result;
+            localStorage.setItem(CACHE_KEY, JSON.stringify({ value: result, timestamp: now.getTime() }));
+        } else if (!cached) {
+            versionElement.textContent = fallbackVersion;
+        }
+    } catch (error) {
+        console.error("Error fetching commits:", error);
+        if (!cached) {
+            versionElement.textContent = fallbackVersion;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function setupAppView() {
+    document.body.classList.add('is-webview');
+    document.getElementById("isWebView").style.display = "block";
+    document.getElementById("backtotop").style.marginBottom = "100px";
+
+    document.onselectstart = (e) => e.preventDefault();
+    $('body').on('contextmenu', () => false);
+
+    const aboutSection = document.getElementById("app");
+    if (aboutSection && aboutSection.classList.contains("about_home_true")) {
+        aboutSection.style.display = "block";
+        document.getElementById("navbar-brand").style.marginLeft = "0px";
+        document.getElementById("lsidebar").style.display = "none";
+        document.getElementById("leftsidebar").style.display = "none";
+    } else if (aboutSection && aboutSection.classList.contains("about_home_false")) {
+        document.getElementById("navbar-brand").style.marginLeft = "0px";
+        document.getElementById("lsidebar").style.display = "none";
+    }
+
+    const shareButton = document.getElementById("share-button");
+    if (shareButton) {
+        let isClickDisabled = false;
+        shareButton.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
+            if (isClickDisabled) { event.preventDefault(); }
+            else { isClickDisabled = true; setTimeout(() => { isClickDisabled = false; }, 400); }
+        });
+        shareButton.addEventListener('dblclick', (event) => { event.preventDefault(); });
+    }
+
+    document.documentElement.addEventListener('dblclick', (event) => {
+        if (event.target.closest('a, button, .navbar, .wvnav')) { return; }
+        window.location.href = "share:{{ site.url }}{{ page.url }}";
+    });
+
+    $("#resetapp").on("click", function () {
+        $(this).html("Reset Successful!");
+        $(this).css("color", "#00b050");
+    });
+
+    showVersion();
+}
+
+window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { if (window.isGoDardaApp) setupAppView(); });
+</script>
diff --git a/_includes/footer_web.html b/_includes/footer_web.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ba792c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/footer_web.html
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<div id="backtotop" class="text-center" style="display: none; padding-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a
+        class="back-to-top" style="cursor: pointer;" title="Back to top"><i
+            class="svgicon bi bi-arrow-bar-up"></i></a>
+</div>
+
+<div id="web-footer-container" style="display: none;">
+    {%- if path[1] == nil or path[1] == "testapp" -%}{%- assign flag = "block_webfooter" -%}{%- endif -%}
+    <footer class="isWebsite {{ flag }}" id="isWebsite" style="padding-top: 15px;">
+    <div class="footer">
+        <div class="container">
+            <div class="row">
+                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
+                    <h6>What's new</h6>
+                    <a href="learn"><div><i class="bi bi-lightbulb"></i> Learn</div></a>
+                    <a href="tools"><div><i class="bi bi-gear"></i> Tools</div></a>
+                    <a style="cursor: pointer;" class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#appmodal"><div><i class="navsvg bi bi-android2"></i> Android App</div></a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
+                    <h6>Contribute</h6>
+                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.teams }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-people"></i> Join Teams</div></a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.issues }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-bug"></i> Report Bug</div></a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.releases }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-box-seam"></i> Releases</div></a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
+                    <h6>GoDarda</h6>
+                    <a href="about"><div><i class="bi bi-question-circle"></i> About Us</div></a>
+                    <a href="about/faqs"><div><i class="bi bi-star"></i> FAQs</div></a>
+                    <a href="shubhamrdarda"><div><i class="bi bi-person-square"></i> Meet Architect</div></a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col-6 col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 50px;">
+                    <h6>Social Handles</h6>
+                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.linkedin }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn</div></a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.github }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-github"></i> GitHub</div></a>
+                    <a href="{{ site.data.url.discord }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><i class="bi bi-discord"></i> Discord</div></a>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    </footer>
+
+    <footer id="webCopyright" class="{% if flag == 'block_webfooter' %}fixed-bottom{% endif %}">
+        <div class="d-flex justify-content-between copyright-footer">
+            <small>&copy; {% assign current_year = 'now' | date: '%Y' %}{{ current_year }} {{ site.title }}.</small>
+            <div>
+                <a href="about/terms" class="me-3"><small>Terms</small></a><a href="about/privacy"><small>Privacy</small></a>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </footer>
+</div>
+
+<div class="modal fade" id="appmodal" data-bs-backdrop="static" data-bs-keyboard="false"
+    aria-labelledby="appmodalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered">
+        <div class="modal-content">
+            <div class="modal-header">
+                <h5 class="modal-title" id="appmodalLabel"><i class="bi bi-android2"></i> GoDarda Android App</h5>
+            </div>
+            <div class="modal-body">Thank you for your interest in the GoDarda Android app!<br>We're preparing for our
+                official launch on the Google Play Store, but you can get early access now by installing the app
+                manually. Would you like to download the APK?<br><b>Minimum Requirement:</b> Android 11<br><b>Note:</b>
+                The app requires microphone access for voice search.</div>
+            <div class="modal-footer justify-content-center">
+                <a style="cursor: pointer;" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-danger" data-bs-dismiss="modal"><i class="bi bi-cloud-slash"></i> No</a>
+                <a href="{{ site.data.url.android_app }}" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-success"
+                    onclick="$('#appmodal').modal('hide');"><i class="bi bi-cloud-arrow-down"></i> Yes</a>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<script>
+function setupWebAppView() {
+    const rsidebar = document.getElementById("rsidebar");
+    if (rsidebar) { rsidebar.removeAttribute("style"); }
+
+    const webFooterContainer = document.getElementById("web-footer-container");
+    const webfooter = document.getElementById("isWebsite");
+    const webCopyright = document.getElementById("webCopyright");
+    const backToTop = document.getElementById("backtotop");
+
+    if (webFooterContainer) {
+        webFooterContainer.style.display = "block";
+        if (webfooter && webfooter.classList.contains("block_webfooter")) { webfooter.style.display = "none"; }
+    }
+
+    // If the copyright footer is fixed (Home Page), add extra margin to the Back to Top button
+    if (webCopyright && webCopyright.classList.contains("fixed-bottom") && backToTop) {
+        backToTop.style.marginBottom = "70px";
+    }
+}
+
+window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { if (!window.isGoDardaApp) setupWebAppView(); });
+
+</script>
diff --git a/_includes/head.html b/_includes/head.html
index 856387a..df66d89 100644
--- a/_includes/head.html
+++ b/_includes/head.html
@@ -8,13 +8,10 @@
     <meta charset="utf-8">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=0" />
     <meta name="referrer" content="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" />
+    {%- if page.robots -%}<meta name="robots" content="{{ page.robots }}" />{%- endif -%}
     <meta name="keywords" content="{{ page.title }}" />
-    {%- if page.description == nil -%}
-    <meta name="description" content="{{ page.title }}" />
-    {%- else -%}
-    <meta name="description" content="{{ page.description }}" />{%- endif -%}
+    {%- if page.description == nil -%}<meta name="description" content="{{ page.title }}" />{%- else -%}<meta name="description" content="{{ page.description }}" />{%- endif -%}
     <meta name="author" content="{{ site.architect }}" />
-    <meta name="google-adsense-account" content="ca-pub-4176662360028728">
     <link rel="icon" href="{{ site.icon | relative_url }}">
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.bs_css }}" integrity="{{ site.bs_cssi }}" crossorigin="anonymous">
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.bs_icons }}">
@@ -29,7 +26,11 @@
 
     const getPreferredTheme = () => {
         const storedTheme = getStoredTheme();
-        return storedTheme ? storedTheme : (window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light');
+        if (storedTheme) {
+            return storedTheme;
+        }
+        setStoredTheme('auto');
+        return 'auto';
     };
 
     const setTheme = theme => {
@@ -53,13 +54,6 @@
     <base href="{{ '/' | relative_url }}">
 </head>
 
-{%- comment -%}
-    Data-driven segment lookup with explicit per-segment `parent` support.
-    Uses `site.data.gd.segments` for titles and `site.data.<seg_key>` for the
-    segment's dataset (grandparent/children). If a segment entry includes a
-    `parent` field, that exact string is used (preserves values like ` / DS / `).
-{%- endcomment -%}
-
 {%- assign path = page.url | split: '/' -%}
 {%- assign seg_key = path[1] | default: '' -%}
 {%- assign seg_obj = site.data.gd.segments | where: 'url', seg_key | first -%}
@@ -74,8 +68,21 @@
 {%- endif -%}
 
 {%- assign gd = nil -%}
-{%- if seg_key != '' and site.data[seg_key] -%}
-    {%- assign gd = site.data[seg_key] -%}
+{%- if seg_key != '' -%}
+    {%- if site.data[seg_key] -%}
+        {%- assign gd_temp = site.data[seg_key] -%}
+        {%- if gd_temp.grandparent -%}{%- assign gd = gd_temp -%}
+        {%- elsif gd_temp[seg_key] and gd_temp[seg_key].grandparent -%}{%- assign gd = gd_temp[seg_key] -%}{%- endif -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- if gd == nil -%}
+        {%- for data_file in site.data -%}
+            {%- assign sub_data = data_file[1] -%}
+            {%- if sub_data[seg_key] and sub_data[seg_key].grandparent -%}
+                {%- assign gd = sub_data[seg_key] -%}
+                {%- break -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endfor -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
 {%- endif -%}
 
 {%- if gd -%}
@@ -95,4 +102,4 @@
     {%- else -%}
         {%- assign parent = ' / ' | append: segment | append: ' / ' -%}
     {%- endif -%}
-{%- endunless -%}
\ No newline at end of file
+{%- endunless -%}
diff --git a/_includes/pagination.html b/_includes/pagination.html
index a7948a4..2f8d8e1 100644
--- a/_includes/pagination.html
+++ b/_includes/pagination.html
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
+<!--
+  File: _includes/pagination.html
+  Purpose: Generates the "What Next?" navigation section at the bottom of pages.
+  It iterates through the site's navigation structure (gd.grandparent) to find
+  the current page and display links to the subsequent pages or the next section.
+-->
+
 {%- assign i = 0 -%}
 {%- assign j = 0 -%}
 
 {%- for parent in gd.grandparent -%}
-{%- assign j = j | plus:1 -%}
+    {%- assign j = j | plus:1 -%}
     {%- if page.url contains parent.url -%}
     {%- for child in parent.children -%}
-    {%- assign i = i | plus:1 -%}
+        {%- assign i = i | plus:1 -%}
         {%- if page.url contains child.url -%}
             {%- assign first = i | plus: 0 -%}{%- assign second = i | plus:1 -%}{%- assign third = i | plus:2 -%}
             {%- if parent.children[third].url != null -%}
@@ -34,4 +41,4 @@
         {%- endif -%}
     {%- endfor -%}
     {%- endif -%}
-{%- endfor -%}
\ No newline at end of file
+{%- endfor -%}
diff --git a/_includes/search.html b/_includes/search.html
index 7b47802..4c2b3af 100644
--- a/_includes/search.html
+++ b/_includes/search.html
@@ -1,175 +1,51 @@
+<!--
+  File: _includes/search.html
+  Purpose: Defines the HTML structure for the site's reusable search component.
+  It includes the search input, icons for voice/close, dynamic suggestion placeholders,
+  and the results container. All interactive logic is handled by /assets/js/search.js.
+-->
+
 {%- assign path = page.url | split: '/' -%}
+<!-- Set global JS variables for search context and JSON URL -->
 <script>window.gd_path1 = '{{ path[1] | default: "search" }}';</script>
 <script>window.gd_search_url = '{{ "/search.json" | relative_url }}';</script>
+<!-- Load the main search script -->
 <script src="{{ site.search_js | relative_url }}"></script>
-<div><center>
-    <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-11 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-6 col-xxl-6" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
-        {%- if path[1] == nil -%}
+<div>
+    <center>
+        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-11 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-6 col-xxl-6" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
+            {%- if path[1] == nil -%}
+            <!-- Display site title and tagline only on the home page -->
             <h2 style="padding-top: 150px;" id="fc-{{ path[1] }}">GoDarda</h2>
             <h6 style="padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px;">{{ site.tagline }}</h6>
-        {%- endif -%}
-
-        <div id="GDS_input-{{ path[1] | default: 'search' }}" class="input-group input-group-lg">
-        <input id="GDSInput" class="form-control" type="text" tabindex="1" placeholder="{{ page.title }} (type to get the results)" onkeypress="display_results();" onkeyup="display_results();" onload="clear_input();"><div id="search_icon" class="input-group-append" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px 15px 0px 7px; font-size: 20px;"><i class="bi bi-search"></i></div><div id="close_icon" class="input-group-append" onclick="clear_input();" style="display: none; padding: 5px; font-size: 25px;"><i class="bi bi-x"></i></div>
-        </div>
-        <div id="suggestions-container" style="margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; display: none;">
-            <span class="text-muted" style="margin-right: 5px;"><i id="suggestion-light" class="bi bi-lightbulb"></i> Suggestions:</span>
-            <span id="search-suggestions"></span>
+            {%- endif -%}
+
+            <!-- Main search input group -->
+            <div id="GDS_input-{{ path[1] | default: 'search' }}" class="input-group input-group-lg">
+                <input id="GDSInput" class="form-control" type="text" tabindex="1"
+                    placeholder="{{ page.title }} (type to get the results)" style="border-right: 0;">
+                <!-- Voice search icon -->
+                <span id="mic_icon" class="input-group-text"
+                    style="cursor: pointer; background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); border-left: 0; border-right: 0; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px;"><i class="bi bi-mic"></i></span>
+                <!-- Search icon (visible by default) -->
+                <span id="search_icon" class="input-group-text"
+                    style="background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); border-left: 0; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 12px;"><i class="bi bi-search"></i></span>
+                <!-- Close/clear icon (hidden by default) -->
+                <span id="close_icon" class="input-group-text"
+                    style="display: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); border-left: 0; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 12px;"><i class="bi bi-x-lg"></i></span>
+            </div>
+            <!-- Container for search suggestions -->
+            <div id="suggestions-container" style="margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; display: none;">
+                <span class="text-muted" style="margin-right: 5px;"><i id="suggestion-light"
+                        class="bi bi-lightbulb"></i> Suggestions:</span>
+                <span id="search-suggestions"></span>
+            </div>
+            <!-- Container for displaying the number of search results -->
+            <div id="matchCount" class="text-muted small" style="margin-top:8px; display:none; text-align:left"></div>
         </div>
-        <div id="matchCount" class="text-muted small" style="margin-top:8px; display:none; text-align:left"></div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div id="{{ path[1] | default: 'search' }}" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-8 col-xl-7 col-xxl-7" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"></div>
-</center></div>
-
-<script>
-document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
-    // --- Light bulb blinking logic ---
-    const light = document.getElementById('suggestion-light');
-    if (light) {
-        const blinkTotal = 3;
-        const intervalTime = 2000;
-        let blinkCount = 0;
-
-        const intervalId = setInterval(() => {
-            if (blinkCount >= blinkTotal) {
-                clearInterval(intervalId);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // Turn on
-            light.classList.replace('bi-lightbulb', 'bi-lightbulb-fill');
-            light.classList.add('light-on');
-
-            setTimeout(() => {
-                // Turn off
-                light.classList.replace('bi-lightbulb-fill', 'bi-lightbulb');
-                light.classList.remove('light-on');
-            }, intervalTime / 2);
-
-            blinkCount++;
-        }, intervalTime);
-    }
-
-    // --- Cache DOM elements for performance ---
-    const input = document.getElementById('GDSInput');
-    const suggestionsContainer = document.getElementById('search-suggestions');
-    const suggestionsParentContainer = document.getElementById('suggestions-container');
-    const closeIcon = document.getElementById('close_icon');
-    const currentCategory = window.gd_path1;
-
-    // --- Data for suggestions ---
-    const learnSuggestions = [
-        'C', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'R', 'Julia', 'Octave', 'C#', 'F#',
-        'Rust', 'LISP', 'Linux', 'MySQL', 'MongoDB', 'Selenium', 'Algorithm', 'Assembly', 'VBScript',
-        'Ranorex', 'OpenGL', 'AWT', 'Function', 'Method', 'Class', 'Inheritance',
-        'Polymorphism', 'Abstraction', 'Array', 'Bash', 'CLI', 'Exception', 'Database',
-        'Stack', 'Queue', 'Tree', 'Graph', 'Sorting', 'Searching', 'Recursion', 'XPath', 'WebDriver', 'TestNG',
-        'String', 'DataFrame', 'NumPy', 'Pandas', 'Matplotlib', 'List', 'Set', 'Tuple', 'Dictionary',
-        'Expression', 'Log', 'Thread', 'Matrix', 'Math', 'CRUD'
-    ];
-    const toolsSuggestions = [
-        'Calculator', 'Converter', 'Data', 'Length', 'Time', 'Currency', 'Physics', 'Hash', 'Area', 'Volume',
-        'Speed', 'Temperature', 'Pressure', 'Power', 'Energy'
-    ];
-
-    // --- Helper Functions ---
-    function deactivateSuggestions() {
-        if (suggestionsContainer) {
-            for (const child of suggestionsContainer.children) {
-                child.classList.remove('active');
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    function displaySuggestions(suggestions) {
-        if (!suggestionsContainer || !suggestionsParentContainer || suggestions.length === 0) return;
-
-        // Shuffle the array to get random suggestions
-        for (let i = suggestions.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
-            const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
-            [suggestions[i], suggestions[j]] = [suggestions[j], suggestions[i]];
-        }
-        
-        // Use a document fragment to minimize DOM reflows
-        const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
-        suggestions.slice(0, 3).forEach(suggestion => {
-            const link = document.createElement('a');
-            link.className = 'btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary rounded-pill';
-            link.href = 'javascript:void(0);';
-            link.style.margin = '2px';
-            link.style.fontSize = '12px';
-            link.textContent = suggestion;
-            fragment.appendChild(link);
-        });
-
-        suggestionsContainer.innerHTML = ''; // Clear previous suggestions
-        suggestionsContainer.appendChild(fragment);
-        suggestionsParentContainer.style.display = 'block';
-    }
-
-    // --- Event Handlers ---
-    // Use event delegation for suggestion clicks for better performance
-    if (suggestionsContainer) {
-        suggestionsContainer.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
-            const target = event.target;
-            if (target.tagName === 'A' && target.classList.contains('btn')) {
-                event.preventDefault();
-                if (input) {
-                    input.value = target.textContent;
-                    input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
-                    input.blur();
-                }
-                deactivateSuggestions();
-                target.classList.add('active');
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    if (closeIcon) {
-        closeIcon.addEventListener('click', deactivateSuggestions);
-    }
-
-    if (input) {
-        input.addEventListener('input', () => {
-            if (input.value === '') {
-                deactivateSuggestions();
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    // --- Main Logic to determine which suggestions to show ---
-    if (currentCategory === 'search' || currentCategory === 'learn') {
-        displaySuggestions(learnSuggestions);
-    } else if (currentCategory === 'tools') {
-        displaySuggestions(toolsSuggestions);
-    } else {
-        fetch('{{ "/search.json" | relative_url }}')
-            .then(response => response.json())
-            .then(data => {
-                const keywords = new Set();
-                let itemsToProcess = data.items;
-
-                if (currentCategory) {
-                    const categoryItems = data.items.filter(item => item.category === currentCategory);
-                    if (categoryItems.length > 0) itemsToProcess = categoryItems;
-                }
-
-                itemsToProcess.forEach(item => {
-                    const words = item.title.match(/[a-zA-Z0-9+.#-]+/g) || [];
-                    words.forEach(word => {
-                        const firstChar = word.charAt(0);
-                        if (word.length > 2 && isNaN(word) && firstChar >= 'A' && firstChar <= 'Z') {
-                            keywords.add(word);
-                        }
-                    });
-                    const cat = item.category?.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + item.category?.slice(1);
-                    if (cat && cat.length > 2) keywords.add(cat);
-                });
 
-                displaySuggestions(Array.from(keywords));
-            })
-            .catch(error => console.error('Error fetching or processing search.json for suggestions:', error));
-    }
-});
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+        <!-- Main container where search results are rendered -->
+        <div id="{{ path[1] | default: 'search' }}" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-8 col-xl-7 col-xxl-7"
+            style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"></div>
+    </center>
+</div>
diff --git a/_includes/tools.html b/_includes/tools.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5291386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/tools.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<!--
+  File: _includes/tools.html
+  Purpose: A reusable template for tools.
+  It provides a standard layout with a results grid, input area (custom or default),
+  and control buttons.
+  Logic is handled by /assets/js/tools.js.
+-->
+
+{%- assign path = page.url | split: '/' -%}
+{%- assign tool_urls = site.data.tools.tools.segments | map: "url" -%}
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/tools.css">
+<script src="/assets/js/tools.js"></script>
+
+<div class="calc-panel">
+    <div class="row g-4">
+        <div class="col-12">
+            <!--
+              Results Container:
+              Populated dynamically by tools.js based on the tool's configuration.
+              Displays calculation results or conversion outputs in a grid.
+            -->
+            <div id="resultsContainer" class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-2 g-2 mb-3" data-category="{% if tool_urls contains path[1] %}{{ path[1] }}{% endif %}"></div>
+
+            <!--
+              Inputs Section:
+              If 'tools_inputs' is defined in the parent layout, render custom inputs.
+              Otherwise, render the default input group used for standard unit converters.
+            -->
+            {% if tools_inputs %}
+            <div class="mb-2">
+                {{ tools_inputs }}
+            </div>
+            {% else %}
+            <!-- Default Converter Inputs: Numeric input + Unit dropdown -->
+            <div class="input-group mb-2">
+                <input type="number" id="inputValue" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter value..." aria-label="Input value">
+                <select class="form-select" id="inputUnit" aria-label="Select unit">
+                    <!-- Options will be injected here by tools.js -->
+                </select>
+            </div>
+            {% endif %}
+
+            <!-- Control Buttons: Clear, Select Tiles (Dropdown), Help -->
+            <div class="row g-2 mt-2">
+                <div class="col-auto">
+                    <button id="btnClear" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Clear</button>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col-auto">
+                    <!--
+                      Select Tiles Dropdown:
+                      Allows users to toggle visibility of specific result tiles.
+                      Options are generated dynamically based on the tool's stats.
+                    -->
+                    <div class="dropdown">
+                        <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle btn-sm" type="button" id="viewOptionsBtn" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-bs-auto-close="outside">
+                            {{ select_button_text | default: "Select Tiles" }}
+                        </button>
+                        <ul class="dropdown-menu" id="viewOptionsMenu" aria-labelledby="viewOptionsBtn" style="min-width: 220px;">
+                            <!-- Options will be injected here by tools.js -->
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col-auto">
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#helpModal">
+                        Help
+                    </button>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--
+  Help Modal:
+  Displays context-specific help content passed via the 'help_content' variable.
+-->
+<div class="modal fade" id="helpModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="helpModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered">
+        <div class="modal-content">
+            <div class="modal-header">
+                <h5 class="modal-title" id="helpModalLabel"><i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i> {{ page.title }} Help</h5>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button>
+            </div>
+            <div class="modal-body">
+                {{ help_content }}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/_layouts/modern.html b/_layouts/modern.html
index 649c059..c454998 100644
--- a/_layouts/modern.html
+++ b/_layouts/modern.html
@@ -3,17 +3,27 @@
 {% include head.html %}
 
 <body>
-<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark fixed-top">
+{%- assign main_pages = "shubhamrdarda,testapp,learn,tools" | split: ',' -%}
+{%- if path[1] == nil or main_pages contains path[1] -%}{%- assign is_sidebar_page = false -%}
+{%- else -%}{%- assign is_sidebar_page = true -%}{%- endif -%}
+
+<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md fixed-top">
     <div class="container-fluid">
-        {%- if path[1] == nil or path[1] == "tools" or path[1] == "learn" or path[1] == "testapp" or path[1] == "shubhamrdarda" -%}
+        {%- unless is_sidebar_page -%}
         <div class="navbar-brand" style="margin-left: 0px;">
             <a><img id="logo" alt="Logo" width="30" height="30" src="{{ site.icon | relative_url }}"></a>
             <a id="fc-{{ path[1] }}"> {{ parent }}</a>
         </div>
         {%- else -%}
         <div id="navbar-brand" class="navbar-brand">
-            <a href=""><img id="logo" alt="Logo" width="30" height="30" src="{{ site.icon | relative_url }}"></a>
-            <a id="fc-{{ path[1] }}" href="{{ path[1] }}">{{ parent }}</a>
+            {%- assign home_url = "" -%}
+            {%- assign learn_data = site.data.learn.learn | default: site.data.learn -%}
+            {%- assign tools_data = site.data.tools.tools | default: site.data.tools -%}
+            {%- assign learn_matches = learn_data.segments | where: "url", path[1] -%}
+            {%- assign tools_matches = tools_data.segments | where: "url", path[1] -%}
+            {%- if learn_matches.size > 0 -%}{%- assign home_url = "learn" -%}{%- elsif tools_matches.size > 0 -%}{%- assign home_url = "tools" -%}{%- endif -%}
+            <a href="{{ home_url }}"><img id="logo" alt="Logo" width="30" height="30" src="{{ site.icon | relative_url }}"></a>
+            <a id="fc-{{ path[1] }}" href="{{ path[1] }}">{{ parent }} / </a>
             {%- if path[2] != nil -%}
                 <a id="fc-{{ path[1] }}" href="{{ path[1] }}/{{ path[2] }}">{{ child }} / </a>
             {%- endif -%}
@@ -25,11 +35,11 @@
                 {%- assign active_item = nil -%}
                 {%- assign active_item = "sidebar-item-active" -%}
                 {%- assign pu = parent.url | split: '/' -%}
-                
+
                 {%- if path[1] == pu[0] and path[2] == nil -%}<a class="nav-link {{ active_item }} {{ path[1] }}" href="{{ parent.url }}">{{ parent.parent }}</a>
                 {%- else -%}<a class="nav-link {{ path[1] }}" href="{{ parent.url }}">{{ parent.parent }}</a>
                 {%- endif -%}
-                
+
                 {%- for child in parent.children -%}
                     {%- assign cu = child.url | split: '/' -%}
                     {%- if cu.size == 2 and path[2] == cu[1] -%}<a class="nav-link {{ active_item }} {{ path[1] }}" href="{{ child.url }}">{{ child.title }}</a>
@@ -39,7 +49,7 @@
             {%- endif -%}
         {%- endfor -%}
         </div>
-        {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endunless -%}
 
         <button id="rsidebar" class="ms-auto navbar-toggler p-0" type="button" data-bs-toggle="rightsidebar" data-bs-target="#rightsidebar" aria-label="rsidebar" style="display: none;"><span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span></button>
         <div id="rightsidebar" class="rightsidebar-collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end">
@@ -56,13 +66,12 @@
                 {%- if path[1] != "about" -%}
                     <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="about"><i class="navsvg bi bi-info-circle"></i> About Us</a></li>
                 {%- endif -%}
-                <li class="nav-item"><a style="cursor: pointer;" class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#appmodal"><i class="navsvg bi bi-android2"></i> Android App</a></li>
                 <li class="nav-item dropdown">
-                    <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="bd-theme" type="button" aria-expanded="false" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="theme (auto)"><i class="bi bi-circle-half me-2" id="bd-theme-icon"></i><span id="bd-theme-text">Theme</span></a>
+                    <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="bd-theme" type="button" aria-expanded="false" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="theme (dark)"><i class="bi bi-moon-stars me-2" id="bd-theme-icon"></i><span id="bd-theme-text">Theme</span></a>
                     <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end" aria-labelledby="bd-theme" style="top: 45px;">
+                        <li><button type="button" class="dropdown-item d-flex align-items-center" data-bs-theme-value="auto" aria-pressed="false"><i class="bi bi-circle-half me-2"></i>Auto</button></li>
+                        <li><button type="button" class="dropdown-item d-flex align-items-center" data-bs-theme-value="dark" aria-pressed="true"><i class="bi bi-moon-stars me-2"></i>Dark</button></li>
                         <li><button type="button" class="dropdown-item d-flex align-items-center" data-bs-theme-value="light" aria-pressed="false"><i class="bi bi-sun me-2"></i>Light</button></li>
-                        <li><button type="button" class="dropdown-item d-flex align-items-center" data-bs-theme-value="dark" aria-pressed="false"><i class="bi bi-moon-stars me-2"></i>Dark</button></li>
-                        <li><button type="button" class="dropdown-item d-flex align-items-center" data-bs-theme-value="auto" aria-pressed="true"><i class="bi bi-circle-half me-2"></i>Auto</button></li>
                     </ul>
                 </li>
             </ul>
@@ -70,52 +79,52 @@
     </div>
 </nav>
 
-<div data-bs-toggle="collapseall" style="min-height: 100vh;">
-{%- if path[1] == nil or path[1] == "shubhamrdarda" or path[1] == "testapp" -%}
-<main role="main"><div class="container">{{ content }}</div></main>{%- include footer.html -%}
-
-{%- elsif path[1] == "learn" or path[1] == "tools" -%}
-<div class="jumbotron text-center">
-    <h3>{{ site.title }}</h3>
-    {%- if path[1] == nil -%}<h6>{{ site.tagline }}</h6>
-    {%- else -%}<h6>{{ segment }}</h6>{%- endif -%}
-</div>
-<main role="main"><div class="container">{{ content }}</div></main>
-{%- include footer.html -%}
+<div data-bs-toggle="collapseall" class="d-flex flex-column flex-grow-1">
+    {%- unless is_sidebar_page -%}
+    {%- if path[1] == "learn" or path[1] == "tools" -%}
+    <div class="jumbotron text-center">
+        <h3>{{ site.title }}</h3>
+        <h6 id="fc-{{ path[1] }}">{{ segment }}</h6>
+    </div>
+    {%- endif -%}
+    <main role="main" class="flex-grow-1"><div class="container">{{ content }}</div></main>
 
-{%- else -%}
-<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 col-xxl-10 ms-sm-auto px-md-4 jumbotron text-center">
-    <h3>{{ site.title }}</h3>
-    {%- if path[1] != "converters" and path[1] != "calculators" -%}<h6>{{ segment }}</h6>
-    {%- else -%}<h6>{{ page.title }}</h6>{%- endif -%}
-</div>
+    {%- else -%}
+    <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 col-xxl-10 ms-sm-auto px-md-4 jumbotron text-center">
+        <h3>{{ site.title }}</h3>
+        {%- assign tool_urls = site.data.tools.tools.segments | map: "url" -%}
+        {%- if tool_urls contains path[1] -%}<h6 id="fc-{{ path[1] }}">{{ page.title }}</h6>
+        {%- else -%}<h6 id="fc-{{ path[1] }}">{{ segment }}</h6>{%- endif -%}
+    </div>
 
-<main class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 col-xxl-10 ms-sm-auto px-md-4" role="main">
-    <div class="container">
-        {%- if path[2] == nil and path[1] != "about" -%}{%- include search.html -%}{%- endif -%}
-        {{ content }}
-        {%- for parent in gd.grandparent -%}
-        {% if path[1] != "about" and path[2] == nil %}
-        <div class="board"><div class="boardtitle">{{ parent.parent }}</div>
-            {% for child in parent.children limit:4 %}<a class="card" href="{{ child.url }}">{{ child.title }}</a>{% endfor %}
-            {%- assign count = parent.children | size -%}
-            {%- if count >= 5 -%}<a class="card" href="{{ parent.url }}">Show More &#187</a>{%- endif -%}
-        </div>
-        {%- else -%}
-        {%- if path[1] != "about" and path[3] == nil -%}
-            {%- assign pu = parent.url | split: '/' -%}
-            {%- if pu[1] == path[2] -%}
-            <div class="board"><div class="boardtitle">{{ parent.parent }}</div>{%- for child in parent.children -%}<a class="card" href="{{ child.url }}">{{ child.title }}</a>{%- endfor -%}</div>
+    <main class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 col-xxl-10 ms-sm-auto px-md-4 flex-grow-1" role="main">
+        <div class="container">
+            {%- if path[2] == nil and path[1] != "about" -%}{%- include search.html -%}{%- endif -%}
+            {{ content }}
+            {%- for parent in gd.grandparent -%}
+            {% if path[1] != "about" and path[2] == nil %}
+            <div class="board"><div class="boardtitle">{{ parent.parent }}</div>
+                {% for child in parent.children limit:4 %}<a class="card" href="{{ child.url }}">{{ child.title }}</a>{% endfor %}
+                {%- assign count = parent.children | size -%}
+                {%- if count >= 5 -%}<a class="card" href="{{ parent.url }}">Show More &#187</a>{%- endif -%}
+            </div>
+            {%- else -%}
+            {%- if path[1] != "about" and path[3] == nil -%}
+                {%- assign pu = parent.url | split: '/' -%}
+                {%- if pu[1] == path[2] -%}
+                <div class="board"><div class="boardtitle">{{ parent.parent }}</div>{%- for child in parent.children -%}<a class="card" href="{{ child.url }}">{{ child.title }}</a>{%- endfor -%}</div>
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- endif -%}{%- endif -%}{%- endfor -%}
+            {%- if path[1] != nil and path[1] != "about" -%}
+                {%- include comments.html -%}
+                {% include pagination.html %}
             {%- endif -%}
-        {%- endif -%}{%- endif -%}{%- endfor -%}
-        {%- if path[2] != nil -%}{%- include comments.html -%}{%- endif -%}
-        {% include pagination.html %}
-        {% include ads.html %}
-    </div>
-</main>
+        </div>
+    </main>
+    {%- endunless -%}
 
-<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 col-xxl-10 ms-sm-auto" style="padding: 0px;">{%- include footer.html -%}</div>
-{%- endif -%}
+    {%- if is_sidebar_page -%}{%- assign footer_class = "col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 col-xxl-10 ms-sm-auto footer-no-padding" -%}{%- else -%}{%- assign footer_class = "" -%}{%- endif -%}
+    <div class="{{ footer_class }}">{%- include footer_app.html -%}{%- include footer_web.html -%}</div>
 </div>
 
 {%- if path[3] != nil -%}
@@ -128,20 +137,19 @@ <h5 class="modal-title" id="staticBackdropLabel"><i class="bi bi-clipboard-heart
                 <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
-                <p class="h6 text-center">Thank you for visiting GoDarda!</p>
+                <p class="h6">Thank you for visiting GoDarda!</p>
                 <p>If you've found GoDarda helpful, please consider supporting our mission to provide free, high-quality content for developers. Your support makes a difference!</p>
                 <p>Don't forget to show your appreciation by starring our repo, following us, and becoming a sponsor!</p>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-footer justify-content-center">
-                <a class="btn" href="{{ site.data.url.repo }}" title="GitHub Star" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-star"></i> Star</a>
-                <a href="{{ site.data.url.linkedin }}" class="btn" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn</a>
-                <a href="{{ site.data.url.sponsor }}" class="btn" title="Sponsor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-suit-heart"></i> Sponsor</a>
+                <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="{{ site.data.url.repo }}" title="GitHub Star" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-star"></i> Star</a>
+                <a href="{{ site.data.url.linkedin }}" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn</a>
+                <a href="{{ site.data.url.sponsor }}" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" title="Sponsor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-suit-heart"></i> Sponsor</a>
             </div>
         </div>
     </div>
 </div>
 {%- endif -%}
 
-<script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script>
 </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/android/app/build.gradle.kts b/android/app/build.gradle.kts
index 1fc8f85..279ec5e 100644
--- a/android/app/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/android/app/build.gradle.kts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ plugins {
     alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.android)
 }
 
-android {
+extensions.configure<com.android.build.api.dsl.ApplicationExtension> {
     namespace = "com.godarda"
     compileSdk = 36
 
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ android {
         minSdk = 30
         targetSdk = 36
         versionCode = 1
-        versionName = "25.11"
 
         testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
     }
@@ -31,20 +30,22 @@ android {
         sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
         targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
     }
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = "17"
+}
+
+kotlin {
+    compilerOptions {
+        jvmTarget.set(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget.JVM_17)
     }
 }
 
 dependencies {
-
     implementation(libs.androidx.core.ktx)
     implementation(libs.androidx.appcompat)
     implementation(libs.material)
     implementation(libs.androidx.activity)
     implementation(libs.androidx.constraintlayout)
-    implementation("androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.10.0")
+    implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.runtime)
     testImplementation(libs.junit)
     androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.junit)
     androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.espresso.core)
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/0/app-release.dm b/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/0/app-release.dm
index c5ecaf7..04f8072 100644
Binary files a/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/0/app-release.dm and b/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/0/app-release.dm differ
diff --git a/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/1/app-release.dm b/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/1/app-release.dm
index 6c45830..c81227b 100644
Binary files a/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/1/app-release.dm and b/android/app/release/baselineProfiles/1/app-release.dm differ
diff --git a/android/app/release/godarda.apk b/android/app/release/godarda.apk
index e5d979c..7c710c5 100644
Binary files a/android/app/release/godarda.apk and b/android/app/release/godarda.apk differ
diff --git a/android/app/release/output-metadata.json b/android/app/release/output-metadata.json
index e216304..8776fe4 100644
--- a/android/app/release/output-metadata.json
+++ b/android/app/release/output-metadata.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
       "filters": [],
       "attributes": [],
       "versionCode": 1,
-      "versionName": "25.11",
+      "versionName": "",
       "outputFile": "app-release.apk"
     }
   ],
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
index 21c15a7..2009f1c 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
 
     <application
         android:allowBackup="true"
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@
         android:label="GoDarda"
         android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
         tools:targetApi="36">
-        
+
         <activity
             android:name=".SplashActivity"
             android:exported="true"
@@ -35,4 +36,4 @@
             android:name="preloaded_fonts"
             android:resource="@array/preloaded_fonts" />
     </application>
-</manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
+</manifest>
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/BaseActivity.kt b/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/BaseActivity.kt
index 9bfc97c..7519863 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/BaseActivity.kt
+++ b/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/BaseActivity.kt
@@ -1,27 +1,61 @@
 package com.godarda
 
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.res.Configuration
+import android.graphics.Color
+import android.graphics.drawable.ColorDrawable
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.view.View
+import android.view.Window
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
 import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
+import androidx.core.view.WindowCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
 
 /**
  * A foundational activity that provides common functionality for other activities in the app.
- * This base class is designed for a standard, non-edge-to-edge screen layout.
  */
 open class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
 
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
+        // Read theme before super.onCreate and apply it to the window background to prevent flashing.
+        val sharedPref = getSharedPreferences("app_settings", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+        val theme = sharedPref.getString("theme", null)
+        val isDark = isDarkTheme(theme)
+        
+        // Immediately set the window background color. 
+        // This is the most effective way to prevent the "black/white flash" during activity transitions.
+        window.setBackgroundDrawable(ColorDrawable(if (isDark) Color.BLACK else Color.WHITE))
+
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
+        
+        // Apply theme settings to system bars (status and navigation)
+        applyThemeToSystemBars(window, theme)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if the dark theme should be used based on app settings or system preference.
+     */
+    fun isDarkTheme(theme: String?): Boolean {
+        return when (theme) {
+            "dark" -> true
+            "light" -> false
+            else -> (resources.configuration.uiMode and Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK) == Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the stored theme and applies it to the system bars.
+     */
+    fun applyStoredThemeToSystemBars() {
+        val sharedPref = getSharedPreferences("app_settings", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+        val theme = sharedPref.getString("theme", null)
+        applyThemeToSystemBars(window, theme)
     }
 
     /**
      * A utility function to apply system window insets (like the status and navigation bars)
-     * as padding to a given view. This is used to prevent content from being drawn behind
-     * the system bars in a non-edge-to-edge layout.
-     *
-     * @param view The view to which the insets will be applied as padding.
+     * as padding to a given view.
      */
     fun applyWindowInsetsTo(view: View) {
         ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(view) { v, insets ->
@@ -30,4 +64,20 @@ open class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             insets
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the system bars (status and navigation) color and icon appearance
+     * based on the provided theme or the system default.
+     */
+    fun applyThemeToSystemBars(window: Window, theme: String?) {
+        val isDark = isDarkTheme(theme)
+        val bgColor = if (isDark) Color.BLACK else Color.WHITE
+        
+        window.statusBarColor = bgColor
+        window.navigationBarColor = bgColor
+
+        val insetsController = WindowCompat.getInsetsController(window, window.decorView)
+        insetsController.isAppearanceLightStatusBars = !isDark
+        insetsController.isAppearanceLightNavigationBars = !isDark
+    }
 }
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/MainActivity.kt b/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/MainActivity.kt
index fdd162e..01dfdbd 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/MainActivity.kt
+++ b/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/MainActivity.kt
@@ -1,61 +1,90 @@
 package com.godarda
 
+import android.Manifest
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
-import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.res.Configuration
 import android.graphics.Bitmap
 import android.graphics.Color
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
-import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.view.View
 import android.view.ViewStub
-import android.webkit.WebResourceError
+import android.webkit.CookieManager
+import android.webkit.JavascriptInterface
+import android.webkit.PermissionRequest
+import android.webkit.WebChromeClient
 import android.webkit.WebResourceRequest
-import android.webkit.WebResourceResponse
 import android.webkit.WebSettings
+import android.webkit.WebStorage
 import android.webkit.WebView
 import android.webkit.WebViewClient
 import android.widget.Button
 import android.widget.FrameLayout
 import androidx.activity.OnBackPressedCallback
+import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
+import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
+import androidx.core.content.edit
 import androidx.core.net.toUri
+import androidx.core.view.WindowCompat
 import androidx.core.view.isVisible
 
 /**
- * The main activity of the application, which primarily displays a WebView.
- * It handles network connectivity, custom URL schemes, and back navigation within the WebView.
+ * The main activity of the application, serving as a container for the WebView-based UI.
+ * This activity manages network connectivity, system theme synchronization, custom URL schemes,
+ * and standard web browser features within the application context.
  */
 class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
-    // Lazily initialized views to improve performance.
+    // --- UI Components ---
+
+    /** Primary WebView used to render the application content. */
     private val webview: WebView by lazy { findViewById(R.id.webView) }
+
+    /** Root container layout for applying system window insets. */
     private val rootLayout: FrameLayout by lazy { findViewById(R.id.webViewContainer) }
+
+    /** ViewStub for lazily inflating the 'No Internet' error view. */
     private val noInternetStub: ViewStub by lazy { findViewById(R.id.noInternetStub) }
-    private val appDownStub: ViewStub by lazy { findViewById(R.id.appDownStub) }
 
-    // These views are only inflated when needed, saving resources.
+    /** Inflated 'No Internet' view. */
     private var noInternetView: View? = null
+
+    /** Inflated 'App Down' view. */
     private var appDownView: View? = null
 
-    // Stores the last successfully visited URL to allow for smart reloading.
+    // --- State Management ---
+
+    /** Holds a pending permission request (e.g., for camera or microphone access). */
+    private var pendingPermissionRequest: PermissionRequest? = null
+
+    /** Unique request code for audio recording permissions. */
+    private val recordAudioRequestCode = 101
+
+    /** Caches the last successfully loaded URL for recovery purposes. */
     private var lastVisitedUrl: String = Urls.BASE
 
+    /** Tracks the current active theme (light/dark) synchronization status. */
+    private var currentTheme: String? = null
+
+    // --- Hardware & Services ---
+
+    /** Manager for monitoring system-wide network connectivity state. */
     private val connectivityManager: ConnectivityManager by lazy {
-        getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
+        getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) as ConnectivityManager
     }
 
-    /**
-     * A network callback to listen for changes in internet connectivity.
-     * If the internet becomes available, it reloads the last visited URL.
-     */
+    /** Callback that triggers UI updates based on network availability. */
     private val networkCallback by lazy {
         object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
             override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
                 runOnUiThread {
+                    // Reload the WebView if an error screen was previously displayed
                     if (noInternetView?.isVisible == true || appDownView?.isVisible == true) {
                         showWebView()
                         webview.loadUrl(lastVisitedUrl)
@@ -65,21 +94,29 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
         }
     }
 
+    // --- Lifecycle Methods ---
+
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
+        // Enable edge-to-edge display early in the lifecycle
+        enableEdgeToEdge()
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
 
-        // Apply insets to the root container, as was the original logic.
+        // Adjust padding to account for status and navigation bars
         applyWindowInsetsTo(rootLayout)
-        window.statusBarColor = Color.BLACK
 
-        // Configure the components of the activity.
+        // Pre-emptively apply the last saved theme to prevent UI flashing
+        val sharedPref = getSharedPreferences("app_settings", MODE_PRIVATE)
+        currentTheme = sharedPref.getString("theme", null)
+        applyThemeToSystemBars(currentTheme)
+
         setupWebView()
         setupConnectivity()
         setupBackButton()
 
-        // Load the initial URL or show the "No Internet" screen.
+        // Initial load based on connectivity status
         if (isInternetAvailable()) {
+            showWebView()
             webview.loadUrl(lastVisitedUrl)
         } else {
             showNoInternet()
@@ -88,21 +125,20 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
     override fun onDestroy() {
         super.onDestroy()
-        // Unregister the network callback to prevent memory leaks.
+        // Prevent memory leaks by unregistering network callbacks
         connectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
     }
 
+    // --- Configuration ---
+
     /**
-     * Configures the WebView with optimal settings for displaying the website.
+     * Configures WebView settings for performance, security, and hybrid app behavior.
      */
     private fun setupWebView() {
         webview.settings.apply {
-            // JavaScript is required for the website to function correctly.
-            // This is safe as we only load content from our own trusted website.
             @SuppressLint("SetJavaScriptEnabled")
             javaScriptEnabled = true
-
-            // Standard security and performance settings.
+            @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
             safeBrowsingEnabled = true
             domStorageEnabled = true
             useWideViewPort = false
@@ -110,26 +146,79 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
             builtInZoomControls = false
             allowFileAccess = false
             allowContentAccess = false
+            mediaPlaybackRequiresUserGesture = false
             setSupportZoom(false)
             textZoom = 100
             cacheMode = WebSettings.LOAD_DEFAULT
             loadsImagesAutomatically = true
+            // Append custom identification to User Agent
             userAgentString += " GoDarda"
         }
+        
         webview.apply {
-            // Disable scrollbars and overscroll effects for a cleaner look.
             isVerticalScrollBarEnabled = false
             isHorizontalScrollBarEnabled = false
             overScrollMode = View.OVER_SCROLL_NEVER
             isHapticFeedbackEnabled = false
 
-            // Set the custom WebViewClient to handle URL loading and errors.
+            // Bridge native Kotlin methods to the WebView context
+            addJavascriptInterface(WebAppInterface(), "AndroidInterface")
+
             webViewClient = AppWebViewClient()
+            webChromeClient = object : WebChromeClient() {
+                /**
+                 * Intercepts and handles permission requests from the web content.
+                 */
+                override fun onPermissionRequest(request: PermissionRequest) {
+                    if (request.resources.contains(PermissionRequest.RESOURCE_AUDIO_CAPTURE)) {
+                        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this@MainActivity, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                            request.grant(request.resources)
+                        } else {
+                            pendingPermissionRequest = request
+                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this@MainActivity, arrayOf(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO), recordAudioRequestCode)
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        super.onPermissionRequest(request)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the status and navigation bars to match the provided theme or system default.
+     * @param theme The requested theme ("light", "dark", or null for system default).
+     */
+    private fun applyThemeToSystemBars(theme: String?) {
+        currentTheme = theme
+        val isDark = when (theme) {
+            "dark" -> true
+            "light" -> false
+            else -> (resources.configuration.uiMode and Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK) == Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES
         }
+
+        val bgColor = if (isDark) Color.BLACK else Color.WHITE
+        
+        rootLayout.setBackgroundColor(bgColor)
+        
+        // Apply theme to error views if they are currently inflated
+        noInternetView?.let { view ->
+            view.findViewById<View>(R.id.noInternetLayout)?.setBackgroundColor(bgColor)
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+        window.statusBarColor = bgColor
+        @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+        window.navigationBarColor = bgColor
+
+        // Ensure system icons contrast correctly with the bar colors
+        val insetsController = WindowCompat.getInsetsController(window, window.decorView)
+        insetsController.isAppearanceLightStatusBars = !isDark
+        insetsController.isAppearanceLightNavigationBars = !isDark
     }
 
     /**
-     * Registers the network callback to listen for connectivity changes.
+     * Sets up active monitoring for internet connectivity changes.
      */
     private fun setupConnectivity() {
         val networkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -139,7 +228,7 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets up the custom back button behavior to navigate within the WebView or exit the app.
+     * Configures back button logic to navigate within the WebView history or exit the app.
      */
     private fun setupBackButton() {
         onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(this, object : OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
@@ -149,8 +238,22 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
         })
     }
 
+    // --- Utility Methods ---
+
+    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<out String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
+        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
+        if (requestCode == recordAudioRequestCode) {
+            if (grantResults.isNotEmpty() && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                pendingPermissionRequest?.grant(pendingPermissionRequest?.resources)
+            } else {
+                pendingPermissionRequest?.deny()
+            }
+            pendingPermissionRequest = null
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
-     * Checks if the device has an active internet connection.
+     * Performs a check for active internet connectivity.
      */
     private fun isInternetAvailable(): Boolean {
         val network = connectivityManager.activeNetwork ?: return false
@@ -159,71 +262,45 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Inflates and displays the "No Internet" screen using the ViewStub for efficiency.
+     * Displays the offline error view and hides the WebView.
      */
     private fun showNoInternet() {
         if (noInternetView == null) {
-            // Inflate the layout only when it's needed for the first time.
             noInternetView = noInternetStub.inflate()
-
-            // Set up the buttons in the newly inflated view.
             val tryAgainBtn: Button = noInternetView!!.findViewById(R.id.tryagain)
             val exitBtn: Button = noInternetView!!.findViewById(R.id.exit_button_no_internet)
 
             tryAgainBtn.setOnClickListener {
                 if (isInternetAvailable()) {
                     showWebView()
-                    webview.loadUrl(lastVisitedUrl) // Use the last visited URL on retry.
+                    webview.loadUrl(lastVisitedUrl)
                 }
             }
             exitBtn.setOnClickListener {
-                finishAffinity() // Close the app.
+                finishAffinity()
             }
         }
         noInternetView?.isVisible = true
         webview.isVisible = false
+        applyThemeToSystemBars(currentTheme)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Hides other overlay screens and shows the WebView.
+     * Resets the UI to show the WebView and hide any error states.
      */
     private fun showWebView() {
         noInternetView?.isVisible = false
         appDownView?.isVisible = false
         webview.isVisible = true
+        applyThemeToSystemBars(currentTheme)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Inflates and displays the "App Down" screen for handling loading errors.
-     */
-    private fun showAppDown() {
-        if (appDownView == null) {
-            appDownView = appDownStub.inflate()
-            val backButton: Button = appDownView!!.findViewById(R.id.back_button)
-            val exitButton: Button = appDownView!!.findViewById(R.id.exit_button_app_down)
-
-            backButton.setOnClickListener {
-                if (webview.canGoBack()) {
-                    showWebView()
-                    webview.goBack()
-                } else {
-                    finishAffinity()
-                }
-            }
-            exitButton.setOnClickListener {
-                finishAffinity() // Close the app.
-            }
-        }
-        appDownView?.isVisible = true
-        webview.isVisible = false
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Handles custom URL schemes to trigger native app actions from the WebView.
+     * Processes custom URL schemes (like share: or reset:) and external links.
+     * @return True if the URL was handled by native logic, False to let WebView process it.
      */
     private fun handleCustomUrl(url: String): Boolean {
         return when {
-            // Share scheme: e.g., "share:https://example.com"
             url.startsWith("share:") -> {
                 val shareUrl = url.removePrefix("share:").removeSuffix(".html")
                 val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND).apply {
@@ -234,19 +311,36 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
                 startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, getString(R.string.share_via)))
                 true
             }
-            // Clear cache scheme: e.g., "clear:"
-            url.startsWith("clear:") -> {
+            url.startsWith("reset:") -> {
+                // 1. Clear WebView specific data
                 webview.clearHistory()
                 webview.clearCache(true)
                 webview.clearFormData()
+                
+                // 2. Clear Cookies
+                CookieManager.getInstance().removeAllCookies(null)
+                CookieManager.getInstance().flush()
+                
+                // 3. Clear Web Storage (localStorage, WebSQL, IndexedDB)
+                WebStorage.getInstance().deleteAllData()
+                
+                // 4. Clear App Preferences (including theme)
+                getSharedPreferences("app_settings", MODE_PRIVATE).edit { clear() }
+                
+                // 5. Reset internal state and re-apply system theme
+                currentTheme = null
+                applyThemeToSystemBars(null)
+
+                // 6. Reload the initial URL with a small delay to ensure cleanup is complete
+                webview.postDelayed({
+                    webview.loadUrl(Urls.BASE)
+                }, 500)
                 true
             }
-            // External links that should still load in the WebView.
             url.startsWith(Urls.GISCUS) || url.startsWith(Urls.GITHUB_LOGIN) || url.startsWith(Urls.GITHUB_SESSION) -> {
                 webview.loadUrl(url)
                 true
             }
-            // Any other external link should open in the default browser.
             !url.startsWith(Urls.BASE) -> {
                 startActivity(Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, url.toUri()))
                 true
@@ -256,11 +350,9 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Defines the logic for the system back button.
-     * Navigates back in WebView history if possible, otherwise exits the app.
+     * Manages internal WebView navigation history for a consistent user experience.
      */
     private fun handleBackNavigation() {
-        // If an error screen is showing, exit the app on back press.
         if (noInternetView?.isVisible == true || appDownView?.isVisible == true) {
             finishAffinity()
             return
@@ -278,43 +370,77 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity() {
         }
     }
 
+    // --- Inner Classes ---
+
     /**
-     * A custom WebViewClient to intercept URL loading and handle page errors.
+     * Handles calls from JavaScript in the WebView and the native Android code.
      */
-    private inner class AppWebViewClient : WebViewClient() {
+    private inner class WebAppInterface {
+        /**
+         * Triggered by web content when the user preference for theme changes.
+         * Syncs the native system UI with the web theme.
+         */
+        @JavascriptInterface
+        @Suppress("unused")
+        fun onThemeChanged(theme: String?) {
+            runOnUiThread {
+                val sharedPref = getSharedPreferences("app_settings", MODE_PRIVATE)
+                val oldTheme = sharedPref.getString("theme", null)
+                
+                if (oldTheme != theme) {
+                    sharedPref.edit { putString("theme", theme) }
+                    applyThemeToSystemBars(theme)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
+    /**
+     * Custom WebViewClient to handle page load events and URL overrides.
+     */
+    private inner class AppWebViewClient : WebViewClient() {
         override fun onPageStarted(view: WebView?, url: String?, favicon: Bitmap?) {
             super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon)
-            // If the URL is part of our website, save it as the last visited URL.
             if (url != null && url.startsWith(Urls.BASE)) {
                 lastVisitedUrl = url
             }
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Injects JavaScript into the page to monitor theme changes in localStorage.
+         */
+        override fun onPageFinished(view: WebView?, url: String?) {
+            super.onPageFinished(view, url)
+            view?.evaluateJavascript("""
+                (function() {
+                    function notifyTheme() {
+                        const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme');
+                        if (window.AndroidInterface && window.AndroidInterface.onThemeChanged) {
+                            window.AndroidInterface.onThemeChanged(theme);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!window.themeObserverSet) {
+                        const originalSetItem = localStorage.setItem;
+                        localStorage.setItem = function(key, value) {
+                            originalSetItem.apply(this, arguments);
+                            if (key === 'theme') {
+                                notifyTheme();
+                            }
+                        };
+                        window.themeObserverSet = true;
+                    }
+                    notifyTheme();
+                })();
+            """.trimIndent(), null)
+        }
+
         override fun shouldOverrideUrlLoading(view: WebView, request: WebResourceRequest): Boolean {
             val url = request.url.toString()
             if (!isInternetAvailable()) {
                 showNoInternet()
                 return true
             }
-            // If handleCustomUrl returns true, the URL is handled. Otherwise, let the WebView handle it.
             return handleCustomUrl(url) || url == view.url
         }
-
-        override fun onReceivedError(view: WebView, request: WebResourceRequest, error: WebResourceError) {
-            super.onReceivedError(view, request, error)
-            // Show the error screen only for main frame errors on our own domain.
-            if (request.isForMainFrame && request.url.toString().startsWith(Urls.BASE)) {
-                showAppDown()
-            }
-        }
-
-        override fun onReceivedHttpError(view: WebView, request: WebResourceRequest, errorResponse: WebResourceResponse) {
-            super.onReceivedHttpError(view, request, errorResponse)
-            // Show the error screen only for main frame errors on our own domain.
-            if (request.isForMainFrame && request.url.toString().startsWith(Urls.BASE)) {
-                showAppDown()
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/SplashActivity.kt b/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/SplashActivity.kt
index b2feb9f..4d20264 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/SplashActivity.kt
+++ b/android/app/src/main/java/com/godarda/SplashActivity.kt
@@ -1,52 +1,30 @@
 package com.godarda
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager
-import android.content.res.Configuration
-import android.os.Build
+import android.graphics.Color
 import android.os.Bundle
-import android.widget.TextView
-import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
-import androidx.core.view.WindowCompat
+import android.view.View
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 
 /**
- * A simple, stable splash screen activity that displays the app logo and version.
- * It transitions to MainActivity after a fixed delay.
+ * Splash screen activity displaying app branding.
+ * Transitions to MainActivity after a predefined delay.
  */
+@SuppressLint("CustomSplashScreen")
 class SplashActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_splash)
 
-        // Set status bar to match the splash background color for a seamless look.
-        window.statusBarColor = ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.backgroundColor)
+        // Sync theme with stored preference for the splash screen background
+        applyStoredThemeToBackground()
 
-        // Ensure status bar icons are visible in both light and dark themes.
-        val insetsController = WindowCompat.getInsetsController(window, window.decorView)
-        val isLightMode = (resources.configuration.uiMode and Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK) == Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_NO
-        insetsController.isAppearanceLightStatusBars = isLightMode
-
-        val versionTextView = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.appversion)
-
-        // Safely retrieve and display the application's version name.
-        val versionName = try {
-            val packageInfo = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                packageManager.getPackageInfo(packageName, PackageManager.PackageInfoFlags.of(0))
-            } else {
-                @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
-                packageManager.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0)
-            }
-            packageInfo.versionName
-        } catch (_: PackageManager.NameNotFoundException) {
-            ""
-        }
-        versionTextView.text = getString(R.string.app_version, versionName)
-
-        // Use a lifecycle-aware coroutine to handle the delay before transitioning.
+        // Initiate transition delay using lifecycle-aware coroutine.
         lifecycleScope.launch {
             delay(1500) // 1.5 second delay
             val i = Intent(this@SplashActivity, MainActivity::class.java)
@@ -54,4 +32,22 @@ class SplashActivity : BaseActivity() {
             finish()
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the stored theme color to the splash screen background layout.
+     */
+    private fun applyStoredThemeToBackground() {
+        val sharedPref = getSharedPreferences("app_settings", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+        val theme = sharedPref.getString("theme", null)
+        
+        val isDark = when (theme) {
+            "dark" -> true
+            "light" -> false
+            else -> (resources.configuration.uiMode and android.content.res.Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK) == 
+                    android.content.res.Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES
+        }
+
+        val bgColor = if (isDark) Color.BLACK else Color.WHITE
+        findViewById<View>(R.id.splashContainer)?.setBackgroundColor(bgColor)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml
index 00b1094..7600427 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml
@@ -19,12 +19,4 @@
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:layout="@layout/no_internet" />
-
-    <!-- Error/App Down screen, inflated only when needed -->
-    <ViewStub
-        android:id="@+id/appDownStub"
-        android:layout_width="match_parent"
-        android:layout_height="match_parent"
-        android:layout="@layout/app_down" />
-
 </FrameLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_splash.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_splash.xml
index 2516905..644448f 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_splash.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_splash.xml
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     android:id="@+id/splashContainer"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:background="@color/backgroundColor"
-    android:orientation="vertical"
-    android:visibility="visible">
+    android:orientation="vertical">
 
     <!-- This spacer pushes the content down from the top -->
     <Space
@@ -68,21 +66,10 @@
 
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- This spacer balances the space above the version text -->
+    <!-- This spacer balances the space at the bottom -->
     <Space
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="0dp"
         android:layout_weight="1" />
 
-    <!-- Version Text at the Bottom -->
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/appversion"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="32dp"
-        android:textColor="@color/textColor"
-        android:textSize="14sp"
-        tools:text="App Version 1.0" />
-
 </LinearLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/app_down.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/app_down.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 1235100..0000000
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/app_down.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    android:layout_width="match_parent"
-    android:layout_height="match_parent"
-    android:background="@color/backgroundColor"
-    android:gravity="center"
-    android:orientation="vertical"
-    android:padding="32dp">
-
-    <ImageView
-        android:id="@+id/logo_error"
-        android:layout_width="120dp"
-        android:layout_height="120dp"
-        android:background="@drawable/rounded_background"
-        android:contentDescription="@string/logo"
-        android:padding="10dp"
-        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />
-
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/maintenance_title"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
-        android:fontFamily="@font/roboto"
-        android:text="@string/under_maintenance"
-        android:textColor="@color/maintenance_text_color"
-        android:textSize="22sp"
-        android:textStyle="bold" />
-
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/maintenance_message"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
-        android:fontFamily="@font/roboto"
-        android:gravity="center"
-        android:text="@string/maintenance_message"
-        android:textSize="16sp" />
-
-    <LinearLayout
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
-        android:orientation="horizontal">
-
-        <Button
-            android:id="@+id/back_button"
-            style="@style/AppButton"
-            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
-            android:text="@string/back" />
-
-        <Button
-            android:id="@+id/exit_button_app_down"
-            style="@style/ExitButton"
-            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
-            android:text="@string/exit" />
-
-    </LinearLayout>
-
-</LinearLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/no_internet.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/no_internet.xml
index 9b21d63..4a8aa65 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/layout/no_internet.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/res/layout/no_internet.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     android:id="@+id/noInternetLayout"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
-    android:background="?android:colorBackground"
+    android:background="@color/backgroundColor"
     android:gravity="center"
     android:orientation="vertical">
 
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/values-night/themes.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/values-night/themes.xml
index 1124965..996c92b 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/values-night/themes.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/res/values-night/themes.xml
@@ -1,4 +1,23 @@
 <resources>
+    <!-- Dark application theme. -->
+    <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.MaterialComponents.DayNight.NoActionBar">
+        <!-- Primary brand color. -->
+        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
+        <item name="colorPrimaryVariant">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
+        <item name="colorOnPrimary">@color/white</item>
+        <!-- Secondary brand color. -->
+        <item name="colorSecondary">@color/colorAccent</item>
+        <item name="colorSecondaryVariant">@color/colorAccent</item>
+        <item name="colorOnSecondary">@color/black</item>
+
+        <!-- Background and system bar appearance -->
+        <item name="android:windowBackground">@color/backgroundColor</item>
+        <item name="android:statusBarColor">@color/backgroundColor</item>
+        <item name="android:navigationBarColor">@color/backgroundColor</item>
+        <item name="android:windowLightStatusBar">false</item>
+        <item name="android:windowLightNavigationBar" targetApi="27">false</item>
+    </style>
+
     <!-- Splash Screen Theme for Dark Mode -->
     <style name="SplashTheme" parent="AppTheme">
         <item name="android:windowBackground">@color/backgroundColor</item>
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml
index f1b39d8..7c58c28 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     <color name="colorPrimary">#D2691E</color>
     <color name="colorPrimaryDark">#A0522D</color>
     <color name="colorAccent">#FFC107</color>
-    <color name="backgroundColor">#f2f2f2</color>
+    <color name="backgroundColor">#FFFFFF</color>
     <color name="textColor">#3E2723</color>
     <color name="maintenance_text_color">#00b050</color>
     <color name="error_text_color">#e63636</color>
diff --git a/android/app/src/main/res/values/themes.xml b/android/app/src/main/res/values/themes.xml
index 6d21a22..513b873 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/res/values/themes.xml
+++ b/android/app/src/main/res/values/themes.xml
@@ -9,8 +9,13 @@
         <item name="colorSecondary">@color/colorAccent</item>
         <item name="colorSecondaryVariant">@color/colorAccent</item>
         <item name="colorOnSecondary">@color/black</item>
-        <!-- Status bar color for the main app. -->
-        <item name="android:statusBarColor">@android:color/black</item>
+
+        <!-- Background and system bar appearance -->
+        <item name="android:windowBackground">@color/backgroundColor</item>
+        <item name="android:statusBarColor">@color/backgroundColor</item>
+        <item name="android:navigationBarColor">@color/backgroundColor</item>
+        <item name="android:windowLightStatusBar">true</item>
+        <item name="android:windowLightNavigationBar" targetApi="27">true</item>
     </style>
 
     <!-- Custom Button Style for MaterialButtons -->
diff --git a/android/gradle.properties b/android/gradle.properties
index 20e2a01..66f526d 100644
--- a/android/gradle.properties
+++ b/android/gradle.properties
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ android.useAndroidX=true
 # Kotlin code style for this project: "official" or "obsolete":
 kotlin.code.style=official
 # Enables namespacing of each library's R class so that its R class includes only the
-# resources declared in the library itself and none from the library's dependencies,
+# resources declared in the library itself and none from the library itself and none from the library's dependencies,
 # thereby reducing the size of the R class for that library
-android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
\ No newline at end of file
+android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
+android.defaults.buildfeatures.resvalues=true
+android.sdk.defaultTargetSdkToCompileSdkIfUnset=false
+android.enableAppCompileTimeRClass=false
+android.usesSdkInManifest.disallowed=false
+android.uniquePackageNames=false
+android.dependency.useConstraints=true
+android.r8.strictFullModeForKeepRules=false
+android.r8.optimizedResourceShrinking=false
+android.builtInKotlin=false
+android.newDsl=false
diff --git a/android/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/android/gradle/libs.versions.toml
index 803efd4..214970b 100644
--- a/android/gradle/libs.versions.toml
+++ b/android/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 [versions]
-agp = "8.13.1"
+agp = "9.0.0"
 kotlin = "2.2.21"
 coreKtx = "1.17.0"
 junit = "4.13.2"
 junitVersion = "1.3.0"
 espressoCore = "3.7.0"
 appcompat = "1.7.1"
+lifecycleRuntimeKtx = "2.10.0"
 material = "1.13.0"
 activity = "1.12.0"
 constraintlayout = "2.2.1"
 
 [libraries]
 androidx-core-ktx = { group = "androidx.core", name = "core-ktx", version.ref = "coreKtx" }
+androidx-lifecycle-runtime = { module = "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx", version.ref = "lifecycleRuntimeKtx" }
 junit = { group = "junit", name = "junit", version.ref = "junit" }
 androidx-junit = { group = "androidx.test.ext", name = "junit", version.ref = "junitVersion" }
 androidx-espresso-core = { group = "androidx.test.espresso", name = "espresso-core", version.ref = "espressoCore" }
@@ -23,4 +25,3 @@ androidx-constraintlayout = { group = "androidx.constraintlayout", name = "const
 [plugins]
 android-application = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
 kotlin-android = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android", version.ref = "kotlin" }
-
diff --git a/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
index b8fddcf..310b2d7 100644
--- a/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
+++ b/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #Sun May 18 07:05:27 IST 2025
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.14-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-9.1.0-bin.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
diff --git a/assets/css/color.css b/assets/css/color.css
index 47ddd38..7c6bc94 100644
--- a/assets/css/color.css
+++ b/assets/css/color.css
@@ -8,13 +8,16 @@ layout: none
 {
     --asm:                 #b37700; /* Brown for assembly language */
     --c:                   #0080ff; /* Blue for C programming language */
+    --calculators:         #66b3ff; /* Light blue for calculators */
     --cg:                  #ff6699; /* Pink for computer graphics */
     --cluster:             #99994d; /* Olive for clustering systems */
+    --converters:          #ff99cc; /* Light pink for converters */
     --cpp:                 #99e600; /* Bright green for C++ programming language */
     --csharp:              #b366ff; /* Purple for C# programming language */
     --ds:                  #cc6666; /* Muted red for data science */
     --dsa:                 #e6b800; /* Amber for data structures and algorithms */
     --fsharp:              #00bfff; /* Cyan for F# programming language */
+    --generators:          #79d2a6; /* Soft green for generators */
     --java:                #ff8533; /* Warm orange for Java programming language */
     --julia:               #cc3399; /* Magenta for Julia programming language */
     --linux:               #ff9966; /* Coral for Linux systems */
@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@ layout: none
     --r:                   #9999ff; /* Light purple for R programming language */
     --rust:                #996633; /* Rustic brown for Rust programming language */
     --selenium:            #00cc66; /* Green for Selenium testing framework */
+    --utilities:           #00ced1; /* Dark Turquoise for utilities */
     --other:               #00b050; /* Green for miscellaneous or other categories, matching search */
 
     --bg_jumbotron:        #050514; /* Background color for jumbotron */
@@ -48,6 +52,10 @@ layout: none
     --textcolor:           #e6e6e6; /* General text color */
     --wvnav:               #000000; /* Navigation bar color */
     --wvnav-item-active:   #21252c; /* Active navigation item color */
+    --navlink:             #e6e6e6; /* Navigation link color */
+    --navlink-hover:       #ffffff;
+    --navbar-shadow:       rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
+    --navbar-toggler-icon-bg: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55)' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");
 
     --code-literal:        #79c0ff; /* Literal code color for code literals and elements */
     --code-special:        #1f6feb; /* Special code color for special code elements */
@@ -61,33 +69,40 @@ layout: none
     --string:              #a5d6ff; /* String color for string-related classes */
     --text-error:          #f0f6fc; /* Error text color for error-related classes */
     --text-primary:        #c9d1d9; /* Primary text color for general text and specific classes */
+    --tooltip-bg:          #e6e6e6; /* Tooltip background color */
+    --bs-tooltip-bg:       var(--tooltip-bg);
+    --bs-tooltip-color:    var(--other);
 }
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 [data-bs-theme="light"]
 {
-    --asm:                 #cc8800; /* Bright brown for assembly language */
-    --c:                   #1a8cff; /* Bright blue for C programming language */
-    --cg:                  #ff668c; /* Light pink for computer graphics */
-    --cluster:             #b3b366; /* Light olive for clustering systems */
-    --cpp:                 #80ff00; /* Vibrant green for C++ programming language */
-    --csharp:              #cc66ff; /* Bright purple for C# programming language */
-    --ds:                  #ff6666; /* Light red for data science */
-    --dsa:                 #ffaa00; /* Bright amber for data structures and algorithms */
-    --fsharp:              #33ccff; /* Bright cyan for F# programming language */
-    --java:                #ff8c1a; /* Warm orange for Java programming language */
-    --julia:               #ff3399; /* Vivid magenta for Julia programming language */
-    --linux:               #ff9966; /* Light coral for Linux systems */
-    --lisp:                #9999ff; /* Light indigo for Lisp programming language */
-    --mongodb:             #33cc33; /* Bright green for MongoDB database */
-    --mysql:               #4d94cc; /* Light blue for MySQL database */
-    --octave:              #ff751a; /* Bright orange for Octave programming language */
-    --python:              #ffcc00; /* Bright yellow for Python programming language */
-    --r:                   #b3b3ff; /* Light purple for R programming language */
-    --rust:                #cc6633; /* Lighter brown for Rust programming language */
-    --selenium:            #00e673; /* Bright green for Selenium testing framework */
-    --other:               #00b050; /* Bright green for other miscellaneous categories */
+    --asm:                 #b37400; /* Brown for assembly language */
+    --c:                   #007acc; /* Blue for C programming language */
+    --calculators:         #0073e6; /* Strong blue for calculators */
+    --cg:                  #e65c7d; /* Pink for computer graphics */
+    --cluster:             #99994d; /* Olive for clustering systems */
+    --converters:          #ff3399; /* Strong pink for converters */
+    --cpp:                 #66cc00; /* Green for C++ programming language */
+    --csharp:              #b34dff; /* Purple for C# programming language */
+    --ds:                  #e65c5c; /* Red for data science */
+    --dsa:                 #e69900; /* Amber for data structures and algorithms */
+    --fsharp:              #1aa3cc; /* Cyan for F# programming language */
+    --generators:          #2db373; /* Green for generators */
+    --java:                #e67300; /* Orange for Java programming language */
+    --julia:               #e62e8c; /* Magenta for Julia programming language */
+    --linux:               #e6854d; /* Coral for Linux systems */
+    --lisp:                #7979d4; /* Indigo for Lisp programming language */
+    --mongodb:             #29a329; /* Green for MongoDB database */
+    --mysql:               #337ab7; /* Blue for MySQL database */
+    --octave:              #e65c00; /* Orange for Octave programming language */
+    --python:              #e6b800; /* Yellow for Python programming language */
+    --r:                   #9999e6; /* Purple for R programming language */
+    --rust:                #b3591a; /* Brown for Rust programming language */
+    --selenium:            #00b359; /* Green for Selenium testing framework */
+    --utilities:           #008b8b; /* Dark Cyan for utilities */
+    --other:               #00b050; /* Green for other miscellaneous categories */
 
     --bg_jumbotron:        #c5cbd3; /* Background color for jumbotron */
     --bnw:                 #000000; /* Black and white color */
@@ -110,6 +125,10 @@ layout: none
     --textcolor:           #000000; /* General text color */
     --wvnav:               #ffffff; /* Navigation bar color */
     --wvnav-item-active:   #e2e5e9; /* Active navigation item color */
+    --navlink:             #404040; /* Navigation link color */
+    --navlink-hover:       #000000;
+    --navbar-shadow:       rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+    --navbar-toggler-icon-bg: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");
 
     --code-literal:        #043a7c; /* Literal code color for code literals and elements */
     --code-special:        #0550ae; /* Special code color for special code elements */
@@ -123,45 +142,52 @@ layout: none
     --string:              #0a3069; /* String color for string-related classes */
     --text-error:          #24292f; /* Error text color for error-related classes */
     --text-primary:        #24292f; /* Primary text color for general text and specific classes */
+    --tooltip-bg:          #000000; /* Tooltip background color */
+    --bs-tooltip-bg:       var(--tooltip-bg);
+    --bs-tooltip-color:    var(--other);
 }
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-{%- assign languages = "asm,c,cg,cluster,cpp,csharp,ds,dsa,fsharp,java,julia,linux,lisp,mongodb,mysql,octave,python,r,rust,selenium" | split: ',' -%}
+{%- assign tool_urls = site.data.tools.tools.segments | map: "url" -%}
+{%- assign learn_urls = site.data.learn.learn.segments | map: "url" -%}
+{%- assign urls = tool_urls | concat: learn_urls -%}
+
 {%- for segment in site.data.gd.segments -%}{%- assign s = segment.url | split: '/' -%}
-{%- if languages contains segment.url -%}
-    {%- assign color_var = "var(--" | append: segment.url | append: ")" -%}
-{%- else -%}
-    {%- assign color_var = "var(--other)" -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-a.{{ s }}:hover, a.{{ s }}:focus, #{{ s }} > a:hover, #{{ s }} > a:focus, .procard.{{ s }}, .nav-link.sidebar-item-active.{{ s }}
-{ border-left: 5px solid {{ color_var }}; }
-
-#fc-{{ s }}, #fc-{{ s }}:hover, .wvnav-item-active-{{ s }}
-{ color: {{ color_var }}; }
-
-div#GDS_input-{{ s }}
-{
-    border-bottom: 1px solid {{ color_var }};
-    border-radius: 5px;
-}
-#GDS_input-{{ s }}
-{     
-    box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px -13px {{ color_var }};
-}
-div#GDS_input-{{ s }}.search-loading::after
-{
-    background: {{ color_var }};
-}
-div#GDS_input-{{ s }}.search-loading.indeterminate::after
-{
-    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, {{ color_var }}, transparent);
-}
+    {%- if urls contains segment.url -%}
+        {%- assign color_var = "var(--" | append: segment.url | append: ")" -%}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {%- assign color_var = "var(--other)" -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
 
-#GDS_input-{{ s }} ~ #suggestions-container #suggestion-light.light-on
-{
-    color: {{ color_var }};
-}
+    a.{{ s }}:hover, a.{{ s }}:focus, #{{ s }} > a:hover, #{{ s }} > a:focus, .procard.{{ s }}, .nav-link.sidebar-item-active.{{ s }}
+    { border-left: 5px solid {{ color_var }}; }
+
+    #fc-{{ s }}, #fc-{{ s }}:hover, .wvnav-item-active-{{ s }}
+    { color: {{ color_var }}; }
+
+    div#GDS_input-{{ s }}
+    {
+        border-bottom: 1px solid {{ color_var }};
+        border-radius: 5px;
+    }
+    #GDS_input-{{ s }}
+    {
+        box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px -13px {{ color_var }};
+    }
+    div#GDS_input-{{ s }}.search-loading::after
+    {
+        background: {{ color_var }};
+    }
+    div#GDS_input-{{ s }}.search-loading.indeterminate::after
+    {
+        background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, {{ color_var }}, transparent);
+    }
+
+    #GDS_input-{{ s }} ~ #suggestions-container #suggestion-light.light-on
+    {
+        color: {{ color_var }};
+    }
 {%- endfor -%}
 
 div#GDS_input-, div#GDS_input-search
@@ -170,7 +196,7 @@ div#GDS_input-, div#GDS_input-search
     border-radius: 5px;
 }
 #GDS_input-, #GDS_input-search
-{     
+{
     box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px -13px var(--other);
 }
 div#GDS_input-.search-loading::after, div#GDS_input-search.search-loading::after
@@ -187,7 +213,7 @@ div#GDS_input-.search-loading.indeterminate::after, div#GDS_input-search.search-
     color: var(--other);
 }
 
-#other > a:hover, #other > a:focus, .nav-link.sidebar-item-active.about, a.about:hover, a.about:focus
+#other > a:hover, #other > a:focus, #search > a:hover, #search > a:focus, .nav-link.sidebar-item-active.about, a.about:hover, a.about:focus
 { border-left: 5px solid var(--other); }
 
 #fc-, #fc-search, #fc-about, #fc-shubhamrdarda, .wvnav-item-active-, .wvnav-item-active-search, .wvnav-item-active-about, #fc-:hover, #fc-search:hover, #fc-about:hover, #fc-shubhamrdarda:hover
@@ -230,4 +256,4 @@ div#GDS_input-.search-loading.indeterminate::after, div#GDS_input-search.search-
 .highlight .ni { color: var(--text-primary); }
 .highlight .si { color: var(--text-primary); }
 .highlight .ge { color: var(--text-primary); }
-.highlight .gs { color: var(--text-primary); }
\ No newline at end of file
+.highlight .gs { color: var(--text-primary); }
diff --git a/assets/css/gd.css b/assets/css/gd.css
index f5d8cc9..a4ca457 100644
--- a/assets/css/gd.css
+++ b/assets/css/gd.css
@@ -74,12 +74,18 @@
     }
 
     body.is-webview .leftsidebar-collapse {
-        bottom: 68px;
+        bottom: 67px;
     }
 }
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
+body:not(.is-webview) {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    min-height: 100vh;
+}
+
 body {
     font-family: 'Roboto';
     font-size: 15px;
@@ -146,7 +152,8 @@ nav {
 
 .navbar {
     height: 55px;
-    background-color: #000000;
+    background-color: var(--wvnav);
+    box-shadow: 0 0 9px var(--navbar-shadow);
 }
 
 .navbar-toggler {
@@ -155,10 +162,22 @@ nav {
     z-index: 0;
 }
 
+.navbar-toggler-icon {
+    background-image: var(--navbar-toggler-icon-bg) !important;
+}
+
 li.nav-item,
-li.nav-item>a.nav-link,
-a.nav-link>i {
-    color: #e6e6e6;
+li.nav-item>a.nav-link {
+    color: var(--navlink);
+}
+
+li.nav-item>a.nav-link:hover,
+li.nav-item>a.nav-link:focus {
+    color: var(--navlink-hover);
+}
+
+.dropdown-item.active, .dropdown-item:active {
+    background-color: var(--bs-secondary);
 }
 
 a,
@@ -388,10 +407,6 @@ div.collapsed {
     border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color2)
 }
 
-.sidebar>a:last-child {
-    margin-bottom: 30px;
-}
-
 .sidebar>a:hover,
 .sidebar>a:focus {
     background-color: var(--color2);
@@ -503,7 +518,13 @@ div.box.card-footer {
     border-right: transparent;
 }
 
-#search_icon, #close_icon 
+#mic_icon
+{
+    border: 1px solid var(--color1);
+    color: #999;
+}
+
+#search_icon, #close_icon
 {
     border-top-right-radius: 5px;
     border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
@@ -559,12 +580,6 @@ option,
     font-size: 15px;
 }
 
-.btn:hover,
-.btn:focus,
-.btn:active {
-    border-color: var(--color1);
-}
-
 .btn.active.focus,
 .btn.focus:active,
 .btn.focus,
@@ -573,8 +588,7 @@ option,
 .btn:focus,
 .navbar-toggler:focus,
 .btn:hover:active {
-    border-color: var(--color1);
-    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem var(--color1);
+    box-shadow: none;
 }
 
 ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
@@ -605,6 +619,7 @@ div.footer {
     padding-left: 2%;
     padding-right: 2%;
     padding-top: 50px;
+    box-shadow: 0 0 9px var(--navbar-shadow);
 }
 
 div.col-6>a>div {
@@ -619,7 +634,7 @@ div.col-6>h6 {
 }
 
 .modal-backdrop.show {
-    opacity: 0.9;
+    opacity: 0.7;
 }
 
 .btn-close:focus {
@@ -651,6 +666,7 @@ div.wvnav {
     width: 100%;
     border-top: 1px solid var(--color1);
     background-color: var(--wvnav);
+    box-shadow: 0 0 9px var(--navbar-shadow);
     padding: 8px;
 }
 
@@ -683,12 +699,18 @@ a.wvnav-item>i.wvsvg {
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 .copyright-footer {
-    background-color: var(--color1);
+    background-color: var(--infocard);
     color: var(--bnw);
-    padding: 15px;
+    padding: 0 15px;
+    height: 40px;
+    align-items: center;
     margin: 0px;
 }
 
+.footer-no-padding {
+    padding: 0px;
+}
+
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 #search-suggestions .btn-outline-secondary.active, #search-suggestions .btn-outline-secondary:focus
@@ -716,5 +738,3 @@ a.wvnav-item>i.wvsvg {
     0% { transform: translateX(-100%); }
     100% { transform: translateX(100%); }
 }
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assets/gdid_sets/gdid.py b/assets/gdid_sets/gdid.py
index 780ada1..9c72e1c 100644
--- a/assets/gdid_sets/gdid.py
+++ b/assets/gdid_sets/gdid.py
@@ -1,68 +1,66 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Author:  GoDarda Site Automation
+GDID Maintenance Utility (assets/gdid_sets/gdid.py)
+
 Purpose:
-    Maintain and reconcile GDID sets used across the repository.
-
-Description:
-    This module provides utilities to:
-      - Locate the repository root dynamically from the script location.
-      - Load GDID identifiers from gdid_set*.txt files.
-      - Scan markdown, yaml, and other repository files for usages of GDIDs.
-      - Detect non-standard page filenames and write them to an invalid.txt file.
-      - Extract title and permalink metadata from generated HTML and update
-        the corresponding YAML navigation data.
-      - Update gdid_set*.txt files with usage references and trigger YAML updates.
-
-Guidelines:
-    - Keep functions small and focused; prefer explicit error messages to aid CI/debugging.
-    - Concurrency is used for IO-bound scans to improve performance on large repos.
-    - Avoid destructive operations; updates are limited to known metadata and set files.
+This script maintains the integrity of GoDarda IDs (GDIDs) across
+the repository. GDIDs are unique identifiers for webpages within the project.
+It reconciles usage, updates set files, and ensures consistency in navigation data.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Usage Scanning: Scans Markdown, YAML, and other files for GDID references.
+2. Reconciliation: Updates `gdid_set*.txt` files to reflect current usage.
+3. Metadata Sync: Updates YAML navigation data from generated HTML metadata.
+4. Validation: Reports non-standard filenames or invalid IDs.
 """
+
 import re
 import yaml
+import os
+import logging
+import functools
 from pathlib import Path
+from threading import Lock
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
 from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import Set, Dict, List, Tuple, Optional, Callable
 
+# Configure logging
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(message)s")
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# ------------------------------------------------------------
-# Resolve repo root dynamically
-# ------------------------------------------------------------
-def find_repo_root(start_path: Path) -> Path:
-    """
-    Ascend the filesystem from start_path until a repository sentinel is found.
+# Use C-based YAML loader/dumper if available for performance
+try:
+    from yaml import CSafeLoader as Loader, CSafeDumper as Dumper
+except ImportError:
+    from yaml import SafeLoader as Loader, SafeDumper as Dumper
 
-    Behavior:
-      - Recognizes repository root by presence of a .git folder or an index.html file.
-      - Raises RuntimeError if no repo root is found up to filesystem root.
+# Compiled Regex Patterns
+GDID_PATTERN = re.compile(r"\b(gd[a-z]{5})\b")
+MARKDOWN_LINK_PATTERN = re.compile(r"\[(gd[a-z]{5})\]")
 
-    Notes:
-      - Using Path.resolve() upstream is recommended so symlinks are handled.
-    """
-    current = start_path
-    while current != current.parent:
-        if (current / ".git").exists() or (current / "index.html").exists():
-            return current
-        current = current.parent
+SCRIPT_PATH = Path(__file__).resolve()
+REPO_ROOT = SCRIPT_PATH
+while REPO_ROOT != REPO_ROOT.parent:
+    if (REPO_ROOT / ".git").exists() or (REPO_ROOT / "index.html").exists():
+        break
+    REPO_ROOT = REPO_ROOT.parent
+else:
     raise RuntimeError("Repo root not found")
 
-
-SCRIPT_PATH = Path(__file__).resolve()
-REPO_ROOT = find_repo_root(SCRIPT_PATH)
 SETS_DIR = REPO_ROOT / "assets" / "gdid_sets"
 GITIGNORE_FILE = REPO_ROOT / ".gitignore"
 INVALID_FILE = SETS_DIR / "invalid.txt"
 URL_YML_FILE = REPO_ROOT / "_data" / "url.yml"
 
 
-def load_gitignore() -> set:
+def load_gitignore() -> Set[str]:
     """
-    Read the repository .gitignore and return a set of top-level ignored paths.
+    Loads ignored paths from the repository's .gitignore file.
+    Comments and empty lines are skipped. Trailing slashes are removed.
 
-    Behavior:
-      - Strips comments and trailing slashes.
-      - Returns an empty set if .gitignore is missing.
+    Returns:
+        A set of top-level ignored path strings.
     """
     ignored = set()
     if GITIGNORE_FILE.exists():
@@ -73,61 +71,85 @@ def load_gitignore() -> set:
     return ignored
 
 
-def load_gdids_by_file() -> dict:
+def collect_all_files(ignored: Set[str]) -> Tuple[List[Path], List[Path]]:
+    """
+    Collects all relevant files in a single pass.
+    Returns (md_files, other_files).
     """
-    Parse gdid_set*.txt files in the assets/gdid_sets directory.
+    md_files = []
+    other_files = []
+    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(REPO_ROOT):
+        # Prune ignored directories
+        dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if d not in ignored and d != ".git" and d != "_site"]
+        for filename in files:
+            if filename in ignored:
+                continue
+            path = Path(root) / filename
+            if filename.endswith(".md"):
+                md_files.append(path)
+            elif filename != "url.yml":
+                other_files.append(path)
+    return md_files, other_files
 
-    Returns:
-      dict mapping Path -> list of GDID tokens found in the file.
 
-    Notes:
-      - Tokens are validated to match the expected 'gd' prefix and length.
-      - Non-matching lines are ignored (comments/blank lines preserved elsewhere).
+def load_gdids_by_file() -> Dict[Path, List[str]]:
+    """
+    Parses `gdid_set*.txt` files to load GDIDs.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary mapping each set file path to a list of GDIDs found within it.
     """
     gdid_map = defaultdict(list)
     for txt_file in sorted(SETS_DIR.glob("gdid_set*.txt")):
         for line in txt_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
             token = line.strip().split(" -")[0]
-            if token.startswith("gd") and len(token) == 7 and token.isalpha():
+            if GDID_PATTERN.fullmatch(token):
                 gdid_map[txt_file].append(token)
     return gdid_map
 
 
-def scan_markdown_files(all_gdids: set) -> dict:
+def scan_markdown_files(all_gdids: Set[str], md_files: List[Path]) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
     """
-    Concurrently scan all markdown (.md) files in the repo for referenced GDIDs.
+    Scans all Markdown files for GDID references.
+    This function concurrently searches for `[gdid]` patterns in `.md` files.
 
-    Returns:
-      defaultdict(list) mapping gdid -> list of "relative_path (line N)" references.
+    Args:
+        all_gdids: A set of all known GDIDs to validate against.
+        md_files: List of markdown files to scan.
 
-    Implementation notes:
-      - Uses a regex to locate bracketed tokens like [gdxxxxx].
-      - Skips binary/unreadable files by ignoring read errors.
-      - ThreadPoolExecutor is used to parallelize IO-bound scanning.
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary mapping each found GDID to a list of its locations.
     """
     usage = defaultdict(list)
-    md_files = list(REPO_ROOT.rglob("*.md"))
 
     def process_md(file: Path):
         rel_path = file.relative_to(REPO_ROOT).as_posix()
         found = []
         try:
-            for i, line in enumerate(
-                file.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore").splitlines(), 1
-            ):
-                for token in re.findall(r"\[([^\]]+)\]", line):
-                    if (
-                        token.startswith("gd")
-                        and len(token) == 7
-                        and token in all_gdids
-                    ):
-                        found.append((token, f"{rel_path} (line {i})"))
+            text = file.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")
+            if not GDID_PATTERN.search(text):
+                return found
+
+            for match in MARKDOWN_LINK_PATTERN.finditer(text):
+                token = match.group(1)
+                if token in all_gdids:
+                    line_num = text.count('\n', 0, match.start()) + 1
+                    found.append((token, f"{rel_path} (line {line_num})"))
         except Exception:
             pass
         return found
 
+    def process_batch(files: List[Path]) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
+        results = []
+        for file in files:
+            results.extend(process_md(file))
+        return results
+
+    chunk_size = 50
+    chunks = [md_files[i : i + chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(md_files), chunk_size)]
+
     with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
-        futures = [executor.submit(process_md, file) for file in md_files]
+        futures = [executor.submit(process_batch, chunk) for chunk in chunks]
         for future in as_completed(futures):
             for gid, ref in future.result():
                 usage[gid].append(ref)
@@ -135,16 +157,15 @@ def process_md(file: Path):
     return usage
 
 
-def scan_url_yml(all_gdids: set) -> dict:
+def scan_url_yml(all_gdids: Set[str]) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
     """
-    Scan the _data/url.yml file for GDID keys.
+    Scans the `_data/url.yml` file for GDID keys.
 
-    Returns:
-      defaultdict(list) mapping gdid -> list of "url.yml (line N)" references.
+    Args:
+        all_gdids: A set of all known GDIDs to validate against.
 
-    Notes:
-      - Only checks top-level YAML keys in "key: value" lines for GDID-like keys.
-      - Returns empty mapping if file doesn't exist.
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary mapping each found GDID to its location in `url.yml`.
     """
     usage = defaultdict(list)
     if not URL_YML_FILE.exists():
@@ -158,72 +179,60 @@ def scan_url_yml(all_gdids: set) -> dict:
             line = line.strip()
             if ":" in line:
                 key = line.split(":", 1)[0].strip()
-                if (
-                    key.startswith("gd")
-                    and len(key) == 7
-                    and key.isalpha()
-                    and key in all_gdids
-                ):
+                if GDID_PATTERN.fullmatch(key) and key in all_gdids:
                     usage[key].append(f"{rel_path} (line {i})")
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Failed to read {rel_path}: {e}")
+        logger.error(f"Failed to read {rel_path}: {e}")
 
     return usage
 
 
-def scan_repo_files(all_gdids: set, ignored: set) -> dict:
+def scan_repo_files(all_gdids: Set[str], files_to_scan: List[Path]) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
     """
-    Scan non-markdown repo files for GDID usage and collect non-standard page IDs.
-
-    Returns:
-      defaultdict(list) mapping gdid -> list of relative path references.
+    Scans repository files for GDID usage and non-standard filenames.
+    This scan looks for GDIDs in filenames and identifies page files that
+    do not follow the standard `gdid.html` naming convention. Non-standard
+    filenames are written to `invalid.txt`.
 
-    Side-effects:
-      - Writes a list of non-standard IDs and their paths to assets/gdid_sets/invalid.txt.
+    Args:
+        all_gdids: A set of all known GDIDs to validate against.
+        files_to_scan: List of files to scan.
 
-    Behavior:
-      - Skips files under .git and paths matching .gitignore entries.
-      - Looks for gd-prefixed 7-letter tokens in filenames.
-      - Flags pages/* files whose stem does not match the expected gdxxxxxx pattern.
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary mapping each found GDID to a list of file paths.
     """
     usage = defaultdict(list)
     nonstandard_ids = []
 
-    files = [
-        f
-        for f in REPO_ROOT.rglob("*")
-        if f.is_file() and not f.name.endswith(".md") and f.name != "url.yml"
-    ]
-
-    def process_file(file: Path):
-        rel_path = file.relative_to(REPO_ROOT).as_posix()
-        if ".git" in rel_path or any(part in Path(rel_path).parts for part in ignored):
-            return [], None
-
-        found = []
-        name = file.name
-        stem = file.stem.strip()
+    def process_batch(files: List[Path]) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[str, str]], List[str]]:
+        batch_usage = []
+        batch_nonstandard = []
+        for file in files:
+            rel_path = file.relative_to(REPO_ROOT).as_posix()
+            name = file.name
+            stem = file.stem.strip()
 
-        # Match GDID-style filenames
-        for word in re.findall(r"\b[a-z]{7}\b", name):
-            if word.startswith("gd") and word in all_gdids:
-                found.append((word, rel_path))
+            # Match GDID-style filenames
+            for word in GDID_PATTERN.findall(name):
+                if word in all_gdids:
+                    batch_usage.append((word, rel_path))
 
-        # Detect nonstandard filenames in pages/
-        if "pages" in rel_path and name != "index.html":
-            if not stem.startswith("gd") or len(stem) != 7:
-                return found, f"{stem},{rel_path}"
+            # Detect nonstandard filenames in pages/
+            if "pages" in rel_path and name != "index.html":
+                if not stem.startswith("gd") or len(stem) != 7:
+                    batch_nonstandard.append(f"{stem},{rel_path}")
+        return batch_usage, batch_nonstandard
 
-        return found, None
+    chunk_size = 200
+    chunks = [files_to_scan[i : i + chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(files_to_scan), chunk_size)]
 
     with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
-        futures = [executor.submit(process_file, file) for file in files]
+        futures = [executor.submit(process_batch, chunk) for chunk in chunks]
         for future in as_completed(futures):
             found, nonstandard = future.result()
             for gid, ref in found:
                 usage[gid].append(ref)
-            if nonstandard:
-                nonstandard_ids.append(nonstandard)
+            nonstandard_ids.extend(nonstandard)
 
     INVALID_FILE.write_text(
         (
@@ -237,99 +246,128 @@ def process_file(file: Path):
     return usage
 
 
-def extract_metadata_from_html(html_path: Path) -> tuple:
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def extract_metadata_from_html(html_path: Path) -> Tuple[str, str]:
     """
-    Extract permalink and title metadata lines from a generated HTML file.
+    Extracts permalink and title from a Jekyll-generated HTML file.
+
+    Args:
+        html_path: The path to the HTML file.
 
     Returns:
-      (permalink, title)
+        A tuple containing the permalink and title.
 
     Raises:
-      ValueError if either permalink or title cannot be found.
-
-    Notes:
-      - Assumes YAML front-matter style lines like "permalink: /path" and "title: My Title".
-      - Stops early once both values are discovered.
+        ValueError: If permalink or title metadata is missing.
     """
     permalink, title = None, None
-    for line in html_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
-        line = line.strip()
-        if line.startswith("permalink:"):
-            permalink = line.split("permalink:")[1].strip()
-        elif line.startswith("title:"):
-            title = line.split("title:")[1].strip()
-        if permalink and title:
-            break
+    try:
+        with html_path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            for _ in range(50):  # Read first 50 lines only
+                line = f.readline()
+                if not line: break
+                line = line.strip()
+                if line.startswith("permalink:"):
+                    permalink = line.split("permalink:", 1)[1].strip()
+                elif line.startswith("title:"):
+                    title = line.split("title:", 1)[1].strip()
+                if permalink and title:
+                    break
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
     if not permalink or not title:
         raise ValueError(f"Missing permalink or title in {html_path}")
     return permalink, title
 
 
-def update_yaml(html_path: Path):
+class YamlManager:
     """
-    Given a path to a generated HTML page under pages/, insert its title/permalink
-    into the appropriate section YAML file under _data.
-
-    Behavior:
-      - Normalizes permalink (removes trailing .html for matching).
-      - Locates a YAML file named <section_key>.yml under _data.
-      - Searches 'grandparent' sections for a matching parent URL and appends a child.
-      - Writes back the YAML preserving key order (sort_keys=False).
-
-    Raises:
-      FileNotFoundError if the expected YAML file is missing.
-      ValueError if the permalink format is unexpected or the matching section isn't found.
+    Manages thread-safe updates to YAML navigation files.
+    Caches loaded YAML data to minimize disk I/O and writes changes in batches.
     """
-    permalink, title = extract_metadata_from_html(html_path)
-    normalized_permalink = permalink.rstrip('.html')
-    parts = normalized_permalink.split('/')
-
-    if len(parts) < 2:
-        raise ValueError(f"Invalid permalink format: {permalink}")
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.cache = {}
+        self.dirty = set()
+        self.lock = Lock()
 
-    section_key, subsection_key = parts[0], parts[1]
-    yml_path = REPO_ROOT / "_data" / f"{section_key}.yml"
-
-    if not yml_path.exists():
-        raise FileNotFoundError(f"YAML file not found: {yml_path}")
-
-    data = yaml.safe_load(yml_path.read_text(encoding='utf-8')) or {}
-
-    # Traverse grandparent sections safely
-    for section in data.get('grandparent', []):
-        if not isinstance(section, dict):
-            continue  # skip malformed entries
-
-        if section.get('url', '').strip('/') == f"{section_key}/{subsection_key}":
-            children = section.get('children')
-            if not isinstance(children, list):
-                children = []
-                section['children'] = children  # initialize if missing
+    def update(self, html_path: Path):
+        try:
+            permalink, title = extract_metadata_from_html(html_path)
+        except (ValueError, FileNotFoundError):
+            return
 
-            # Skip if permalink already exists (normalized)
-            if any(child.get('url', '').rstrip('.html') == normalized_permalink for child in children):
-                return  # silently skip
+        normalized_permalink = permalink.rstrip('.html')
+        parts = normalized_permalink.lstrip('/').split('/')
 
-            children.append({'title': title, 'url': permalink})
-            yml_path.write_text(yaml.dump(data, sort_keys=False, allow_unicode=True, width=float("inf")), encoding='utf-8')
-            print(f"Updated {yml_path.name} \nTitle: {title}  \nPermalink: {permalink}")
+        if len(parts) < 2:
             return
 
-    raise ValueError(f"No matching section found for path: {section_key}/{subsection_key} in {yml_path}")
+        section_key, subsection_key = parts[0], parts[1]
+        data_dir = REPO_ROOT / "_data"
 
+        with self.lock:
+            yml_path = data_dir / f"{section_key}.yml"
+            if not yml_path.exists():
+                candidates = list(data_dir.rglob(f"{section_key}.yml"))
+                if candidates:
+                    yml_path = candidates[0]
+                else:
+                    return
+
+            if yml_path not in self.cache:
+                try:
+                    self.cache[yml_path] = yaml.load(yml_path.read_text(encoding='utf-8'), Loader=Loader) or {}
+                except Exception:
+                    self.cache[yml_path] = {}
+
+            data = self.cache[yml_path]
+            updated = False
+            for section in data.get('grandparent', []):
+                if not isinstance(section, dict):
+                    continue
+
+                if section.get('url', '').strip('/') == f"{section_key}/{subsection_key}":
+                    children = section.get('children')
+                    if not isinstance(children, list):
+                        children = []
+                        section['children'] = children
+
+                    if any(child.get('url', '').rstrip('.html') == normalized_permalink for child in children):
+                        continue
+
+                    children.append({'title': title, 'url': permalink})
+                    updated = True
+                    break
+
+            if updated:
+                self.dirty.add(yml_path)
+
+    def save(self):
+        for yml_path in self.dirty:
+            try:
+                data = self.cache[yml_path]
+                yml_path.write_text(yaml.dump(data, Dumper=Dumper, sort_keys=False, allow_unicode=True, width=float("inf")), encoding='utf-8')
+                logger.info(f"Updated {yml_path.name}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to save {yml_path}: {e}")
+
+YAML_MANAGER = YamlManager()
 
-def update_set_files(gdid_map: dict, usage: dict):
-    """
-    Reconcile each gdid_set*.txt file with discovered usage information.
+def update_yaml(html_path: Path):
+    YAML_MANAGER.update(html_path)
 
-    Behavior:
-      - Preserves comment lines and originally unrelated lines.
-      - Collects unused GDIDs and used GDIDs with reference lists.
-      - For used GDIDs that reference pages/*.html entries, attempts to update YAML navigation.
-      - Writes back the file with unused entries first then used entries sorted by first usage.
 
-    Concurrency:
-      - Processes each set file concurrently using ThreadPoolExecutor.
+def update_set_files(gdid_map: Dict[Path, List[str]], usage: Dict[str, List[str]]):
+    """
+    Reconciles `gdid_set*.txt` files with current GDID usage.
+    For each set file, this function updates entries with usage references,
+    separates used and unused GDIDs, and preserves comments. It also triggers
+    YAML navigation updates for GDIDs linked to HTML pages.
+
+    Args:
+        gdid_map: A dictionary mapping set file paths to their GDIDs.
+        usage: A dictionary mapping GDIDs to their usage locations.
     """
     def process_file(txt_file: Path, gdids: list):
         original_lines = txt_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
@@ -394,25 +432,19 @@ def sort_key(item):
 
 def main():
     """
-    Orchestrate the full GDID reconciliation run.
-
-    Steps:
-      1. Load .gitignore patterns to exclude irrelevant paths.
-      2. Load GDIDs from set files.
-      3. Scan markdown, url.yml, and other repo files concurrently for usage.
-      4. Merge usage maps and update set files (and YAML nav files as needed).
-
-    Notes:
-      - This function is intentionally simple: most work is delegated to helpers.
+    Orchestrates the GDID reconciliation process.
+    This involves loading GDIDs and ignore patterns, scanning all repository
+    files for GDID usage, and updating the set files with the findings.
     """
     ignored = load_gitignore()
     gdid_map = load_gdids_by_file()
     all_gdids = {gid for gid_list in gdid_map.values() for gid in gid_list}
+    md_files, repo_files = collect_all_files(ignored)
 
     with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
-        future_md = executor.submit(scan_markdown_files, all_gdids)
+        future_md = executor.submit(scan_markdown_files, all_gdids, md_files)
         future_yml = executor.submit(scan_url_yml, all_gdids)
-        future_repo = executor.submit(scan_repo_files, all_gdids, ignored)
+        future_repo = executor.submit(scan_repo_files, all_gdids, repo_files)
 
         usage_md = future_md.result()
         usage_yml = future_yml.result()
@@ -425,6 +457,7 @@ def main():
             usage[gid].extend(refs)
 
     update_set_files(gdid_map, usage)
+    YAML_MANAGER.save()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/assets/gdid_sets/gdid_setA.txt b/assets/gdid_sets/gdid_setA.txt
index 4d44e77..d5779ac 100644
--- a/assets/gdid_sets/gdid_setA.txt
+++ b/assets/gdid_sets/gdid_setA.txt
@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
-gdwzdkr
-gdpklzu
-gdzoyew
-gdhzgsg
-gdgeldi
-gddeqcn
-gdcztzc
-gddwork
-gdizhat
 gdyszgl
 gdsdiad
 gdvmeeo
@@ -4276,14 +4267,14 @@ gdhzszi - _data/url.yml (line 16)
 gdyggqz - _data/url.yml (line 17)
 gdwavvb - _data/url.yml (line 18)
 gddankd - _data/url.yml (line 20)
-gdxeeiw - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 134); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 156)
-gdzbzfc - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 143); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 154)
-gdzenad - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 144); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 152); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 155); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 70)
-gdkbvgy - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 148); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 68)
-gdkweoz - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 149); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 94)
-gdkwzyw - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 150); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 94)
-gdwyygg - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 151); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 94)
-gdgggza - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 153); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 99)
+gdxeeiw - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 131); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 153)
+gdzbzfc - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 140); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 151)
+gdzenad - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 141); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 149); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 152); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 70)
+gdkbvgy - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 145); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 68)
+gdkweoz - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 146); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 91)
+gdkwzyw - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 147); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 91)
+gdwyygg - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 148); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 91)
+gdgggza - CONTRIBUTING.md (line 150); CONTRIBUTING.md (line 96)
 gdaeavq - pages/learn/asm/32-bit/gdaeavq.html
 gdbhdky - pages/learn/asm/32-bit/gdbhdky.html
 gdbqeza - pages/learn/asm/32-bit/gdbqeza.html
@@ -4746,9 +4737,9 @@ gdwazdq - pages/learn/java/strings/gdwazdq.html
 gdyfzdp - pages/learn/java/strings/gdyfzdp.html
 gdygaza - pages/learn/java/strings/gdygaza.html
 gdymyew - pages/learn/java/strings/gdymyew.html
-gdadvew - pages/learn/julia/cli/gdadvew.html
-gdavgeq - pages/learn/julia/cli/gdavgeq.html
-gdxkekw - pages/learn/julia/cli/gdxkekw.html
+gdadvew - pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdadvew.html
+gdavgeq - pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdavgeq.html
+gdxkekw - pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdxkekw.html
 gdezzvl - pages/learn/linux/bash/gdezzvl.html
 gdgitdy - pages/learn/linux/bash/gdgitdy.html
 gdldisa - pages/learn/linux/bash/gdldisa.html
@@ -4955,14 +4946,19 @@ gdyxewe - pages/learn/selenium/xpath/gdyxewe.html
 gdzctqk - pages/learn/selenium/xpath/gdzctqk.html
 gdzwqle - pages/learn/selenium/xpath/gdzwqle.html
 gdadocu - pages/tools/calculators/common/gdadocu.html
+gddeqcn - pages/tools/calculators/common/gddeqcn.html
 gdldvld - pages/tools/calculators/common/gdldvld.html
+gdpklzu - pages/tools/calculators/common/gdpklzu.html
+gdzoyew - pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzoyew.html
 gdzzvvv - pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzzvvv.html
+gdizhat - pages/tools/calculators/scientific/gdizhat.html
 gdeggcz - pages/tools/converters/algorithm/gdeggcz.html
 gddvtyy - pages/tools/converters/common/gddvtyy.html
 gdegcwx - pages/tools/converters/common/gdegcwx.html
 gdkaznn - pages/tools/converters/common/gdkaznn.html
 gdmzkka - pages/tools/converters/common/gdmzkka.html
 gdwaaal - pages/tools/converters/common/gdwaaal.html
+gdwzdkr - pages/tools/converters/common/gdwzdkr.html
 gdyetrv - pages/tools/converters/common/gdyetrv.html
 gdeybab - pages/tools/converters/digital/gdeybab.html
 gdvadte - pages/tools/converters/digital/gdvadte.html
@@ -4980,6 +4976,10 @@ gdlmggz - pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlmggz.html
 gdsqzva - pages/tools/converters/physics/gdsqzva.html
 gdvmrpd - pages/tools/converters/physics/gdvmrpd.html
 gdxakae - pages/tools/converters/physics/gdxakae.html
+gdgeldi - pages/tools/generators/common/gdgeldi.html
+gdhzgsg - pages/tools/generators/common/gdhzgsg.html
+gdcztzc - pages/tools/utilities/common/gdcztzc.html
+gddwork - pages/tools/utilities/common/gddwork.html
 gdcdhdg - README.md (line 39); README.md (line 84)
 gdyzyvk - README.md (line 39); README.md (line 85)
 gdycyiw - README.md (line 40); README.md (line 86)
diff --git a/assets/images/advertise.png b/assets/images/advertise.png
index f266751..658d8e9 100644
Binary files a/assets/images/advertise.png and b/assets/images/advertise.png differ
diff --git a/assets/js/converter.js b/assets/js/converter.js
deleted file mode 100644
index a1a97bd..0000000
--- a/assets/js/converter.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Shared Converter Logic
- *
- * This module provides a reusable foundation for various unit conversion tools.
- * It handles UI initialization, state management, conversion logic normalization,
- * and optimized DOM updates.
- */
-(function () {
-    // Expose the setup function globally
-    window.setupConverter = function (config) {
-        const { units, defaultUnit, defaultSelectedUnits, converterType = 'numeric', inputPlaceholder = 'Enter value...', inputType = 'number' } = config;
-
-        // Normalize units to support both 'factor' (simple multiplication) and 'toBase/fromBase' (formulas)
-        Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
-            const u = units[key];
-            if (u.factor !== undefined && !u.toBase) {
-                u.toBase = v => v * u.factor;
-                u.fromBase = v => v / u.factor;
-            }
-        });
-
-        // Default visible units to avoid clutter
-        let selectedUnits = new Set(defaultSelectedUnits);
-        // Cache for currently visible units to optimize the update loop
-        let visibleUnitsCache = new Set();
-
-        // DOM Elements - These IDs must be present in the HTML
-        const resultsContainer = document.getElementById('resultsContainer');
-        const unitDropdownMenu = document.getElementById('unitDropdownMenu');
-        const inputUnitSelect = document.getElementById('inputUnit');
-        let inputValue = document.getElementById('inputValue');
-        const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
-        let btnReset; // Will be initialized in init()
-
-        // Dynamic Input Type Switching (e.g. for Textarea)
-        if (inputType === 'textarea') {
-            const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
-            textarea.id = 'inputValue';
-            textarea.className = inputValue.className;
-            textarea.placeholder = inputPlaceholder;
-            textarea.setAttribute('aria-label', inputValue.getAttribute('aria-label'));
-            textarea.rows = 2;
-            inputValue.parentNode.replaceChild(textarea, inputValue);
-            inputValue = textarea;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Initializes the UI components: result cards, dropdown items, and event listeners.
-         */
-        function init() {
-            if (inputType !== 'textarea') {
-                inputValue.placeholder = inputPlaceholder;
-            }
-
-            // 0. Create Select All / Clear All Actions
-            const liActions = document.createElement('li');
-            liActions.innerHTML = `
-                <div class="dropdown-item">
-                    <div class="d-flex gap-2 mb-2">
-                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary w-50" id="btn_select_all_dd">Select All</button>
-                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-danger w-50" id="btn_clear_all_dd">Clear All</button>
-                    </div>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary w-100" id="btn_reset_dd">Reset to Default</button>
-                </div>
-            `;
-            liActions.addEventListener('click', (e) => e.stopPropagation());
-            unitDropdownMenu.appendChild(liActions);
-
-            const liDivider = document.createElement('li');
-            liDivider.innerHTML = '<hr class="dropdown-divider">';
-            unitDropdownMenu.appendChild(liDivider);
-
-            const btnSelectAllDd = liActions.querySelector('#btn_select_all_dd');
-            const btnClearAllDd = liActions.querySelector('#btn_clear_all_dd');
-            btnReset = liActions.querySelector('#btn_reset_dd');
-
-            // Use DocumentFragments to batch DOM insertions for better performance
-            const resultsFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
-            const menuFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
-            const selectFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
-
-            Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
-                const u = units[key];
-
-                // 1. Create Result Card
-                const col = document.createElement('div');
-                col.className = 'col';
-                col.dataset.unit = key;
-                col.innerHTML = `
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small text-truncate" title="${u.name}">${u.name}</div>
-                        <div class="res-val mb-0 text-break" data-target="${key}">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                `;
-                resultsFrag.appendChild(col);
-
-                // 2. Create Dropdown Checkbox
-                const li = document.createElement('li');
-                li.dataset.unit = key;
-                li.innerHTML = `
-                    <div class="dropdown-item">
-                        <div class="form-check">
-                            <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="${key}" id="chk_${key}" ${selectedUnits.has(key) ? 'checked' : ''}>
-                            <label class="form-check-label w-100" for="chk_${key}">${u.name}</label>
-                        </div>
-                    </div>
-                `;
-                // Prevent dropdown from closing on click
-                li.addEventListener('click', (e) => e.stopPropagation());
-                li.querySelector('input').addEventListener('change', (e) => {
-                    if (selectedUnits.has(key)) selectedUnits.delete(key);
-                    else selectedUnits.add(key);
-
-                    updateVisibility();
-                    updateValues();
-                });
-                menuFrag.appendChild(li);
-
-                // 3. Create Dropdown Option
-                const opt = document.createElement('option');
-                opt.value = key;
-                opt.textContent = `${u.name} (${u.symbol})`;
-                if (key === defaultUnit) opt.selected = true;
-                selectFrag.appendChild(opt);
-
-                // Cache DOM references for faster updates during user interaction
-                u.elements = {
-                    col: col,
-                    val: col.querySelector('.res-val'),
-                    li: li,
-                    chk: li.querySelector('input')
-                };
-            });
-
-            // Append fragments to DOM
-            resultsContainer.appendChild(resultsFrag);
-            unitDropdownMenu.appendChild(menuFrag);
-            inputUnitSelect.appendChild(selectFrag);
-            
-            if (defaultUnit) {
-                inputUnitSelect.value = defaultUnit;
-            }
-
-            // Select All / Clear All Listeners
-            btnSelectAllDd.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                selectedUnits = new Set(Object.keys(units));
-                updateVisibility();
-                updateValues();
-            });
-
-            btnClearAllDd.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                selectedUnits.clear();
-                updateVisibility();
-                updateValues();
-            });
-
-            btnReset.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                selectedUnits = new Set(defaultSelectedUnits);
-                updateVisibility();
-                updateValues();
-            });
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Formats a number for display, using scientific notation for extreme values
-         * and fixed precision for standard ranges to ensure readability.
-         */
-        function formatNumber(num) {
-            if (num === 0) return '0';
-            const abs = Math.abs(num);
-            if (abs < 1e-4 || abs > 1e6) {
-                return num.toExponential(4);
-            }
-            return parseFloat(num.toPrecision(6)).toString();
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Updates the visibility of result cards based on user selection and current input unit.
-         * This function handles DOM layout changes (showing/hiding elements) and is separated
-         * from value updates to improve performance.
-         */
-        function updateVisibility() {
-            const currentUnitKey = inputUnitSelect.value;
-            let unitsToShow = new Set(selectedUnits);
-
-            if (unitsToShow.has(currentUnitKey)) {
-                unitsToShow.delete(currentUnitKey);
-            }
-
-            if (unitsToShow.size === 0 && selectedUnits.size > 0) {
-                // Generic fallback: find first unit that isn't the current one
-                const fallback = Object.keys(units).find(k => k !== currentUnitKey);
-                if (fallback) unitsToShow.add(fallback);
-            }
-
-            const isDefaultSet = selectedUnits.size === defaultSelectedUnits.length && 
-                                 defaultSelectedUnits.every(u => selectedUnits.has(u));
-
-            btnReset.classList.toggle('d-none', isDefaultSet);
-            visibleUnitsCache = unitsToShow;
-
-            const count = unitsToShow.size;
-            resultsContainer.className = 'row g-2 mb-3';
-            if (converterType !== 'numeric' || count <= 1) {
-                resultsContainer.classList.add('row-cols-1');
-            } else {
-                resultsContainer.classList.add('row-cols-2');
-                if (count === 3) resultsContainer.classList.add('row-cols-md-3');
-                else if (count >= 4) resultsContainer.classList.add('row-cols-md-4');
-            }
-
-            Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
-                const u = units[key];
-                const els = u.elements;
-                els.chk.checked = selectedUnits.has(key);
-                els.li.classList.toggle('d-none', key === currentUnitKey);
-                els.col.classList.toggle('d-none', !unitsToShow.has(key));
-            });
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Calculates and updates the text content of visible result cards.
-         * This runs on every input event and uses the visibility cache to minimize DOM access.
-         */
-        function updateValues() {
-            const currentUnitKey = inputUnitSelect.value;
-            if (!units[currentUnitKey]) return;
-
-            if (converterType === 'numeric') {
-                const val = parseFloat(inputValue.value);
-                const baseValue = isNaN(val) ? 0 : units[currentUnitKey].toBase(val);
-
-                visibleUnitsCache.forEach(key => {
-                    const u = units[key];
-                    const els = u.elements;
-
-                    if (isNaN(val) || inputValue.value.length === 0) {
-                        els.val.textContent = '-';
-                    } else {
-                        const targetValue = u.fromBase(baseValue);
-                        els.val.textContent = formatNumber(targetValue) + ' ' + u.symbol;
-                    }
-                });
-            } else { // Assumes string-based conversion
-                const val = inputValue.value;
-                const baseValue = units[currentUnitKey].toBase(val);
-
-                visibleUnitsCache.forEach(key => {
-                    const u = units[key];
-                    u.elements.val.textContent = (val.length === 0) ? '-' : u.fromBase(baseValue);
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        inputValue.addEventListener('input', updateValues);
-        inputUnitSelect.addEventListener('change', () => {
-            updateVisibility();
-            updateValues();
-        });
-        btnClear.addEventListener('click', () => {
-            inputValue.value = '';
-            updateValues();
-            inputValue.focus();
-        });
-
-        init();
-        updateVisibility();
-        updateValues();
-    };
-})();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assets/js/gd.js b/assets/js/gd.js
index 866d958..d970f85 100644
--- a/assets/js/gd.js
+++ b/assets/js/gd.js
@@ -1,205 +1,337 @@
-// Frame busting protection: Ensures the site is not loaded within an iframe.
+/**
+ * GoDarda - Main JavaScript File (gd.js)
+ *
+ * Purpose:
+ * This file serves as the central hub for client-side interactivity and logic
+ * on the GoDarda website. It orchestrates UI behaviors, event handling,
+ * security measures, and third-party integrations to ensure a smooth and
+ * secure user experience.
+ *
+ * Key Features and Responsibilities:
+ * 1. Security Enhancements:
+ *    - Frame Busting: Prevents the site from being loaded inside iframes (clickjacking protection).
+ *    - Input Protection: Disables specific keyboard shortcuts (F12, Ctrl+U, etc.) and context menus.
+ *
+ * 2. User Interface & Interaction:
+ *    - Sidebar Management: Handles toggling and collapsing of left/right sidebars.
+ *    - Swipe Gestures: Implements touch-based swipe detection for mobile sidebar navigation.
+ *    - Scroll Behaviors: Manages "Back to Top" visibility, scroll-triggered modals, and active item highlighting.
+ *    - Theme Switcher: Controls Light/Dark mode toggling and persistence via local storage.
+ *
+ * 3. Utility Functions:
+ *    - Clipboard Integration: Provides "Copy to Clipboard" functionality for code blocks.
+ *    - User Agent Detection: Identifies Android WebViews or specific app environments.
+ *    - Analytics: Configures Google Analytics (GA4) for traffic tracking.
+ */
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Frame Busting
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ensures the site is not loaded within an iframe, which can be a security risk (clickjacking).
 try {
-    self !== top && (top.location = self.location);
+    if (self !== top) {
+        top.location = self.location;
+    }
 } catch (e) {
-    document.documentElement.style.display = 'none';
+    // If the browser's security policy blocks access, hide the page content.
+    $(() => { $('html').hide(); });
 }
 
-// Touch event variables for swipe detection
-var xDown = null, yDown = null, xUp = null, yUp = null;
-document.addEventListener('touchstart', touchstart, { passive: true });
-document.addEventListener('touchmove', touchmove, { passive: true });
-document.addEventListener('touchend', touchend, { passive: true });
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Swipe Actions
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global variables to store touch coordinates for swipe detection.
+let xDown = null;
+let yDown = null;
+let xUp = null;
+let yUp = null;
 
-// Capture the starting coordinates of a touch event
-function touchstart(evt) { const firstTouch = (evt.touches || evt.originalEvent.touches)[0]; xDown = firstTouch.clientX; yDown = firstTouch.clientY; }
+const handleTouchStart = (evt) => {
+    const firstTouch = (evt.touches || evt.originalEvent.touches)[0];
+    xDown = firstTouch.clientX;
+    yDown = firstTouch.clientY;
+    xUp = null;
+    yUp = null;
+};
 
-// Track the movement coordinates during a touch event
-function touchmove(evt) { if (!xDown || !yDown) return; xUp = evt.touches[0].clientX; yUp = evt.touches[0].clientY; }
+const handleTouchMove = (evt) => {
+    if (!xDown || !yDown) return;
+    xUp = (evt.originalEvent || evt).touches[0].clientX;
+    yUp = (evt.originalEvent || evt).touches[0].clientY;
+};
 
-// Handle the end of a touch event to determine swipe direction
-function touchend() {
-    var xDiff = xUp - xDown, yDiff = yUp - yDown;
+const handleTouchEnd = () => {
+    // Prevent swipe actions if a modal is open
+    if ($('body').hasClass('modal-open')) {
+        xDown = null;
+        yDown = null;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!xUp || !yUp) return;
+    const xDiff = xUp - xDown;
+    const yDiff = yUp - yDown;
     // Check if the horizontal movement is significant enough to be considered a swipe
     if ((Math.abs(xDiff) > Math.abs(yDiff)) && (Math.abs(xDiff) > 0.6 * document.body.clientWidth)) {
         if (xDiff > 0) {
             // Swipe right: Open left sidebar
-            $('.leftsidebar-collapse').toggleClass('open')
-        }
-        else {
+            $('.leftsidebar-collapse').toggleClass('open');
+            if (document.activeElement) document.activeElement.blur();
+        } else {
             // Swipe left: Close left sidebar
-            $('.leftsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open')
+            $('.leftsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open');
         }
     }
-    xDown = null, yDown = null;
-}
+    xDown = null;
+    yDown = null;
+};
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DOM Ready - Main Execution
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$(() => {
+    // Attach swipe event listeners to the document.
+    $(document).on('touchstart', handleTouchStart);
+    $(document).on('touchmove', handleTouchMove);
+    $(document).on('touchend', handleTouchEnd);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // UI Initialization & Event Handlers
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Force the default cursor to prevent the I-beam from appearing over text.
+    $('body').css('cursor', 'default');
+    // Ensure input fields and textareas still show the text cursor for editing.
+    $('input, textarea').css('cursor', 'text');
 
-// Sidebar and UI interaction handlers
-$(function () {
     // Toggle left sidebar visibility
-    $('[data-bs-toggle="leftsidebar"]').on('click', function () {
-        $('.rightsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open')
-        $('.leftsidebar-collapse').toggleClass('open')
-    })
+    $('[data-bs-toggle="leftsidebar"]').on('click', () => {
+        $('.rightsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open');
+        $('.leftsidebar-collapse').toggleClass('open');
+    });
     // Toggle right sidebar visibility
-    $('[data-bs-toggle="rightsidebar"]').on('click', function () {
-        $('.leftsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open')
-        $('.rightsidebar-collapse').toggleClass('open')
-    })
+    $('[data-bs-toggle="rightsidebar"]').on('click', () => {
+        $('.leftsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open');
+        $('.rightsidebar-collapse').toggleClass('open');
+    });
     // Collapse all sidebars
-    $('[data-bs-toggle="collapseall"]').on('click', function () {
-        $('.leftsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open')
-        $('.rightsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open')
-    })
+    $('[data-bs-toggle="collapseall"]').on('click', () => {
+        $('.leftsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open');
+        $('.rightsidebar-collapse').removeClass('open');
+    });
     // Prevent dragging of anchor tags
-    $('html').on('dragstart', 'a', function () { return false; });
-});
+    $('html').on('dragstart', 'a', () => false);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Security Measures
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Disable specific keyboard shortcuts, right-click, and text selection
+    $(document).on('keydown', (event) => {
+        const { key, ctrlKey, shiftKey } = event;
+        // Use event.key instead of deprecated event.keyCode
+        if (key === 'F12' || // F12
+            (ctrlKey && shiftKey && key.toUpperCase() === 'I') || // Ctrl+Shift+I
+            (ctrlKey && key.toUpperCase() === 'U') || // Ctrl+U
+            (ctrlKey && key.toUpperCase() === 'S')) { // Ctrl+S
+            return false;
+        }
+    }).on('contextmenu selectstart', () => false);
 
-// Disable specific keyboard shortcuts (F12, Inspect Element, View Source, Save)
-$(document).keydown(function (event) {
-    if (event.keyCode == 123 || // F12
-        (event.ctrlKey && event.shiftKey && event.keyCode == 73) || // Ctrl+Shift+I
-        (event.ctrlKey && event.keyCode == 85) || // Ctrl+U
-        (event.ctrlKey && event.keyCode == 83)) { // Ctrl+S
-        return false;
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Scroll-based Behaviors
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Smooth scroll to top
+    $('.back-to-top').on('click', () => {
+        $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 100);
+    });
+
+    // Scroll active sidebar item into view on page load.
+    const $activeItems = $('.sidebar-item-active');
+    if ($activeItems.length > 0) {
+        const lastActiveItem = $activeItems.last()[0];
+        lastActiveItem.scrollIntoView({ block: 'center', behavior: 'auto' });
     }
-});
 
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-// User Agent Detection
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const today = new Date().toLocaleDateString();
+    let isShown = sessionStorage.getItem('status');
+    const $backToTop = $("#backtotop");
+    const $leftSidebar = $('.leftsidebar-collapse');
+    const $rightSidebar = $('.rightsidebar-collapse');
+    const $staticBackdrop = $('#staticBackdrop');
 
-const navigator = window.navigator;
-window.userAgent = navigator.userAgent;
-const normalizedUserAgent = window.userAgent.toLowerCase();
-const standalone = navigator.standalone;
-const isAndroid = /android/.test(normalizedUserAgent);
-// Detect if running inside an Android WebView
-window.isWebview = (isAndroid && /; wv\)/.test(normalizedUserAgent));
+    let ticking = false;
+    $(window).on('scroll', () => {
+        if (!ticking) {
+            window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                const scrollTop = $(window).scrollTop();
 
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-// Scroll and Modal Logic
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+                // Show modal once per day when user scrolls past 50% of the page
+                if (isShown !== today) {
+                    const scrollPercent = ((scrollTop) / ($(document).height() - $(window).height())) * 100;
+                    if (scrollPercent >= 50) {
+                        $staticBackdrop.modal('show');
+                        sessionStorage.setItem('status', today);
+                        isShown = today;
+                    }
+                }
 
-$(document).ready(function () {
-    // Smooth scroll to top
-    $('.back-to-top').click(function () { $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 100); });
-
-    var today = new Date().toLocaleDateString();
-    var is_shown = sessionStorage.getItem('status');
-    var backToTop = document.getElementById("backtotop");
-    var leftSidebar = $('.leftsidebar-collapse');
-    var rightSidebar = $('.rightsidebar-collapse');
-
-    $(window).scroll(function (e) {
-        var scrollTop = $(window).scrollTop();
-        
-        // Show modal once per day when user scrolls past 50% of the page
-        if (is_shown != today) {
-            var scrollPercent = ((scrollTop) / ($(document).height() - $(window).height())) * 100;
-            if (scrollPercent >= 50) {
-                $('#staticBackdrop').modal('show');
-                sessionStorage.setItem('status', today);
-                is_shown = today;
-            }
+                // Toggle "Back to Top" button visibility
+                if (scrollTop > 100) {
+                    $backToTop.show();
+                } else {
+                    $backToTop.hide();
+                }
+
+                // Auto-close sidebars on scroll
+                if ($leftSidebar.hasClass('open')) {
+                    $leftSidebar.removeClass('open');
+                }
+                if ($rightSidebar.hasClass('open')) {
+                    $rightSidebar.removeClass('open');
+                }
+                ticking = false;
+            });
+            ticking = true;
         }
+    });
 
-        // Toggle "Back to Top" button visibility
-        if (scrollTop > 100) {
-            if (backToTop.style.display !== "block") backToTop.style.display = "block";
-        } else {
-            if (backToTop.style.display !== "none") backToTop.style.display = "none";
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Theme Management (Dark/Light Mode)
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Updates the theme switcher UI to reflect the active theme.
+    const showActiveTheme = (theme, focus = false) => {
+        const $appThemeRadios = $('#app [name="theme-radio"]');
+        if ($appThemeRadios.length) {
+            $appThemeRadios.filter(`[data-bs-theme-value="${theme}"]`).prop('checked', true);
         }
-        
-        // Auto-close sidebars on scroll
-        if (leftSidebar.hasClass('open')) {
-            leftSidebar.removeClass('open')
+
+        const $themeSwitcher = $('#bd-theme');
+        if (!$themeSwitcher.length) {
+            return;
         }
-        if (rightSidebar.hasClass('open')) {
-            rightSidebar.removeClass('open')
+
+        const $themeSwitcherText = $('#bd-theme-text');
+        const $activeThemeIcon = $('#bd-theme-icon');
+        const $btnToActive = $(`[data-bs-theme-value="${theme}"]`);
+        const svgOfActiveBtn = $btnToActive.find('i').attr('class');
+        $('[data-bs-theme-value]').removeClass('active').attr('aria-pressed', 'false');
+        $btnToActive.addClass('active').attr('aria-pressed', 'true');
+        $activeThemeIcon.attr('class', svgOfActiveBtn);
+        const themeSwitcherLabel = `${$themeSwitcherText.text()} (${$btnToActive.data('bs-theme-value')})`;
+        $themeSwitcher.attr('aria-label', themeSwitcherLabel);
+
+        if (focus) {
+            $themeSwitcher.focus();
         }
+    };
+
+    // Initialize theme on DOM load.
+    const storedTheme = getStoredTheme() || 'auto';
+    showActiveTheme(storedTheme);
+
+    // Handle theme switching from the dropdown menu
+    $('.dropdown-menu [data-bs-theme-value]').on('click', (event) => {
+        event.preventDefault();
+        const theme = $(event.currentTarget).data('bs-theme-value');
+        setStoredTheme(theme);
+        setTheme(theme);
+        showActiveTheme(theme, true);
     });
-});
 
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-// Theme Management (Dark/Light Mode)
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-// Update the theme switcher UI to reflect the active theme
-const showActiveTheme = (theme, focus = false) => {
-    const themeCard = document.querySelector('#app-theme-switcher');
-    if (themeCard) {
-        if (theme === 'auto') {
-            themeCard.textContent = 'Theme: System Default';
-        } else if (theme === 'dark') {
-            themeCard.textContent = 'Theme: Dark';
-        } else {
-            themeCard.textContent = 'Theme: Light';
-        }
-    }
+    // Handle theme switching from the radio buttons in the app footer
+    $('#app input[name="theme-radio"]').on('change', (event) => {
+        const theme = $(event.currentTarget).data('bs-theme-value');
+        setStoredTheme(theme);
+        setTheme(theme);
+        showActiveTheme(theme, true);
+    });
 
-    const themeSwitcher = document.querySelector('#bd-theme')
-    if (!themeSwitcher) {
-        return
-    }
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Clipboard Functionality
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Initialize tooltips for copy buttons
+    $('.copy-btn').each(function () {
+        // Set attributes via JS to avoid repetition in HTML config
+        $(this).attr('data-bs-toggle', 'tooltip');
+        $(this).css('cursor', 'pointer');
+        if (!this.getAttribute('title') && !this.getAttribute('data-bs-original-title')) {
+            this.setAttribute('title', 'Copy');
+        }
+        if (typeof bootstrap !== 'undefined' && bootstrap.Tooltip) {
+            new bootstrap.Tooltip(this);
+        }
+    });
 
-    const themeSwitcherText = document.querySelector('#bd-theme-text')
-    const activeThemeIcon = document.querySelector('#bd-theme-icon')
-    const btnToActive = document.querySelector(`[data-bs-theme-value="${theme}"]`)
-    const svgOfActiveBtn = btnToActive.querySelector('i').getAttribute('class')
+    // Lazy-initialize tooltip on hover to handle cases where Bootstrap loads late.
+    $('.copy-btn').on('mouseenter', function () {
+        // Ensure attributes exist
+        $(this).attr('data-bs-toggle', 'tooltip');
+        $(this).css('cursor', 'pointer');
+        if (!this.getAttribute('title') && !this.getAttribute('data-bs-original-title')) {
+            this.setAttribute('title', 'Copy');
+        }
+        if (typeof bootstrap !== 'undefined' && bootstrap.Tooltip && !bootstrap.Tooltip.getInstance(this)) {
+            new bootstrap.Tooltip(this).show();
+        }
+    });
 
-    document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-theme-value]').forEach(element => {
-        element.classList.remove('active')
-        element.setAttribute('aria-pressed', 'false')
-    })
+    // Handles the "copy" button on code blocks.
+    $('.copy-btn').on('click', (event) => {
+        const $button = $(event.currentTarget);
+        const $card = $button.closest('.card');
+        if ($card.length) {
+            const $pre = $card.next('pre');
+            if ($pre.length) {
+                const pageUrl = window.location.href;
+                const codeToCopy = `${pageUrl}\n\n${$pre.text()}`;
+                navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeToCopy).then(() => {
+                    const $icon = $button.find('i');
+                    const originalIconClass = $icon.attr('class');
+                    $icon.attr('class', 'bi bi-clipboard-check');
 
-    btnToActive.classList.add('active')
-    btnToActive.setAttribute('aria-pressed', 'true')
-    activeThemeIcon.setAttribute('class', svgOfActiveBtn)
-    const themeSwitcherLabel = `${themeSwitcherText.textContent} (${btnToActive.dataset.bsThemeValue})`
-    themeSwitcher.setAttribute('aria-label', themeSwitcherLabel)
+                    if (typeof bootstrap !== 'undefined' && bootstrap.Tooltip) {
+                        const btnElement = $button[0];
+                        let tooltip = bootstrap.Tooltip.getInstance(btnElement);
+                        if (!tooltip) {
+                            tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(btnElement);
+                        }
+                        $button.attr('data-bs-original-title', 'Copied!');
+                        tooltip.show();
+                        setTimeout(() => {
+                            tooltip.hide();
+                            $button.attr('data-bs-original-title', 'Copy');
+                            $icon.attr('class', originalIconClass);
+                        }, 2000);
+                    }
+                }).catch(err => {
+                    console.error('Failed to copy text: ', err);
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    });
+});
 
-    if (focus) {
-        themeSwitcher.focus()
-    }
-}
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// User Agent Detection
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+window.userAgent = navigator.userAgent;
+const normalizedUserAgent = (window.userAgent || '').toLowerCase();
+const isAndroid = /android/.test(normalizedUserAgent);
+// Detect if running inside an Android WebView
+window.isWebview = (isAndroid && /; wv\)/.test(normalizedUserAgent));
+window.isGoDardaApp = window.isWebview || (window.userAgent && window.userAgent.includes("GoDarda"));
 
-// Initialize theme on DOM load
-window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
-    const storedTheme = getStoredTheme() || 'auto';
-    showActiveTheme(storedTheme);
-    document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-theme-value], #app-theme-switcher')
-        .forEach(toggle => {
-            toggle.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
-                event.preventDefault()
-                let theme = toggle.getAttribute('data-bs-theme-value')
-                // If no specific value is set, switch between light/dark
-                if (!theme) {
-                    const stored = getStoredTheme() || 'auto'
-                    const cycles = ['auto', 'light', 'dark']
-                    theme = cycles[(cycles.indexOf(stored) + 1) % cycles.length]
-                }
-                setStoredTheme(theme)
-                setTheme(theme)
-                showActiveTheme(theme, toggle.matches('[data-bs-theme-value]'))
-            })
-        })
-})
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Google Analytics Configuration
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
-function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
+function gtag(){ window.dataLayer.push(arguments); }
 gtag('js', new Date());
 
-gtag('config', 'G-8ZJLP1KH1R', {
-    ignore_referrer: 'true',
-    'linker': {
-        'domains': ['godarda.in']
-    }
-});
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+if (window.location.hostname !== "localhost" && window.location.hostname !== "127.0.0.1" && window.location.protocol !== "file:") {
+    gtag('config', 'G-8ZJLP1KH1R', {
+        ignore_referrer: 'true'
+    });
+}
 
-var year = new Date().getFullYear();
\ No newline at end of file
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Set the current year for use in the footer or other parts of the site.
+const year = new Date().getFullYear();
diff --git a/assets/js/search.js b/assets/js/search.js
index f2e59ff..37e528a 100644
--- a/assets/js/search.js
+++ b/assets/js/search.js
@@ -1,70 +1,135 @@
-// Externalized search JS for GoDarda
-// Expects `window.gd_path1` to be set by the page (Liquid assigns it in the include).
-(function () {
-    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
-        const containerId = window.gd_path1;
-        const container = document.getElementById(containerId);
-        if (!container) return;
-
-        // Cache frequently-used DOM nodes
-        const matchCountEl = document.getElementById('matchCount');
-        const input = document.getElementById('GDSInput');
-        if (!input) return;
-        const inputContainer = document.getElementById('GDS_input-' + containerId);
-
-        // Utilities (used by loader and renderers)
-        function escapeRegExp(s) { return s.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); }
-        function escapeHtml(unsafe) { return (unsafe || '').replace(/[&<>\"]/g, function (ch) { return { '&': '&amp;', '<': '&lt;', '>': '&gt;', '"': '&quot;' }[ch]; }); }
-
-        // Lazy-loaded items. We avoid parsing JSON blobs until the user actually
-        // interacts with the search input to keep initial page load light.
-        let items = null; // null = not loaded; [] = loaded but empty. This will hold the search items.
-        let loadPromise = null;
-        let searchConfig = {}; // To store the config part of the JSON (e.g., category lists).
-
-        function loadItemsIfNeeded() {
+/**
+ * GoDarda - Search Functionality (search.js)
+ *
+ * @file This script implements the client-side search engine for the GoDarda website.
+ * @summary It handles lazy loading of search data, fuzzy matching, auto-correction,
+ * and dynamic result rendering in a performant and context-aware manner.
+ *
+ * Key Features:
+ * 1. Lazy Loading: Fetches search data (JSON) only on user interaction to minimize initial page load.
+ * 2. Fuzzy Search: Employs Levenshtein distance for typo tolerance and suggests corrections.
+ * 3. Real-time Feedback: Provides a progress bar during data fetch and debounced result rendering.
+ * 4. Context-Aware Filtering: Narrows down search results based on the current site section (e.g., /learn, /tools).
+ * 5. Performant Rendering: Uses string concatenation and requestAnimationFrame for efficient result display.
+ */
+
+// Encapsulate the script in an IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression)
+// to prevent polluting the global scope and avoid variable collisions.
+(() => {
+    // Use the native DOMContentLoaded event to ensure the DOM is ready and to guarantee
+    // that this script runs correctly even if jQuery is loaded with `defer`.
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+        // Safely acquire the jQuery object. If it's not available, exit gracefully.
+        const $ = window.jQuery;
+        if (!$) return;
+
+        // Determine the current search context (e.g., 'learn', 'tools') from a global variable
+        // set by the Jekyll template. Defaults to 'search' for the main search page.
+        const containerId = window.gd_path1 || 'search';
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Initial Setup & DOM Caching
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // Cache jQuery objects for DOM elements that are frequently accessed. This avoids
+        // repeated, costly DOM queries and improves performance, especially in event handlers.
+        const $container = $('#' + containerId);
+        if (!$container.length) return; // Exit if the main results container is not found.
+
+        const $matchCount = $('#matchCount');
+        const $input = $('#GDSInput');
+        if (!$input.length) return; // Exit if the search input is not found.
+
+        const $inputContainer = $('#GDS_input-' + containerId);
+        const $closeIcon = $('#close_icon');
+        const $searchIcon = $('#search_icon');
+        // Fallback to the generic 'search' container if a context-specific one isn't present.
+        const $resultsContainer = $container.length ? $container : $('#search');
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Utilities
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        /**
+         * Escapes special characters in a string for use in a regular expression.
+         * @param {string} s - The string to escape.
+         * @returns {string} The escaped string.
+         */
+        const escapeRegExp = (s) => s.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
+
+        /**
+         * Escapes HTML special characters to prevent XSS vulnerabilities when rendering content.
+         * @param {string} unsafe - The potentially unsafe string.
+         * @returns {string} The HTML-escaped string.
+         */
+        const escapeHtml = (unsafe) => (unsafe || '').replace(/[&<>\"]/g, (ch) => ({ '&': '&amp;', '<': '&lt;', '>': '&gt;', '"': '&quot;' }[ch]));
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Data Loading & State Management
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // State variables for managing the search data lifecycle.
+        let items = null;       // Holds the processed search items. `null` means not loaded.
+        let loadPromise = null; // Prevents multiple concurrent fetch requests.
+        let searchConfig = {};  // Stores configuration from search.json (e.g., category lists).
+
+        /**
+         * Lazily loads and processes the search data from an embedded script or a remote JSON file.
+         * This function is idempotent; it only fetches data once.
+         * @returns {Promise<void>} A promise that resolves when the data is loaded and processed.
+         */
+        const loadItemsIfNeeded = () => {
+            // If items are already loaded or a load is in progress, return the existing promise.
             if (items !== null) return Promise.resolve();
             if (loadPromise) return loadPromise;
-            
-            if (inputContainer) {
-                inputContainer.classList.add('search-loading');
-                inputContainer.style.setProperty('--search-progress', '0%');
+
+            // Show a loading indicator and progress bar on the input field.
+            if ($inputContainer.length) {
+                $inputContainer.addClass('search-loading');
+                $inputContainer.css('--search-progress', '0%');
             }
 
+            // Variables for managing the fetch and animation progress.
             let realProgress = 0;
             let isFetching = true;
             let dataResult = [];
             const animationDuration = 1000;
             const startTime = performance.now();
 
-            const dataScript = document.getElementById('search-data-' + containerId);
-            if (dataScript) {
+            // First, try to load data from an embedded <script> tag. This is an optimization
+            // for category-specific pages to avoid a separate network request.
+            const $dataScript = $('#search-data-' + containerId);
+            if ($dataScript.length) {
                 try {
-                    const data = JSON.parse(dataScript.textContent || dataScript.innerText || '[]');
+                    const data = JSON.parse($dataScript.text() || '[]');
                     items = processItems(data);
-                    if (inputContainer) inputContainer.classList.remove('search-loading', 'indeterminate');
+                    $inputContainer.removeClass('search-loading indeterminate');
                     return Promise.resolve();
                 } catch (e) {
+                    console.error("Failed to parse embedded search data.", e);
                     items = [];
-                    if (inputContainer) inputContainer.classList.remove('search-loading', 'indeterminate');
+                    // Set to empty on failure to prevent retries.
+                    $inputContainer.removeClass('search-loading indeterminate');
                     return Promise.resolve();
                 }
             }
 
-            // If no embedded script is found, fetch the global search.json and filter if necessary
+            // If no embedded data, fetch the global search.json file.
+            // This promise handles the network request and progress tracking.
             const fetchP = fetch(window.gd_search_url || '/search.json')
                 .then(response => {
                     const contentLength = response.headers.get('content-length');
                     const total = parseInt(contentLength, 10);
+
+                    // If content length is unknown, we can't show determinate progress.
                     if (!contentLength || isNaN(total)) {
-                        realProgress = 100;
+                        realProgress = 100; // Assume it will finish quickly.
                         return response.json();
                     }
+
+                    // Use a ReadableStream to track download progress.
                     let loaded = 0;
                     const reader = response.body.getReader();
                     const stream = new ReadableStream({
                         start(controller) {
-                            function push() {
+                            const push = () => {
                                 reader.read().then(({ done, value }) => {
                                     if (done) { controller.close(); return; }
                                     loaded += value.byteLength;
@@ -72,7 +137,7 @@
                                     controller.enqueue(value);
                                     push();
                                 });
-                            }
+                            };
                             push();
                         }
                     });
@@ -92,22 +157,22 @@
                 });
 
             const animationP = new Promise(resolve => {
-                function frame(time) {
+                const frame = (time) => {
                     const elapsed = time - startTime;
                     const virtualProgress = Math.min((elapsed / animationDuration) * 100, 100);
                     const display = Math.min(realProgress, virtualProgress);
-                    
-                    if (inputContainer) {
-                        inputContainer.style.setProperty('--search-progress', display + '%');
+
+                    if ($inputContainer.length) {
+                        $inputContainer.css('--search-progress', display + '%');
                     }
 
                     if (elapsed < animationDuration || isFetching) {
                         requestAnimationFrame(frame);
                     } else {
-                        if (inputContainer) inputContainer.style.setProperty('--search-progress', '100%');
+                        $inputContainer.css('--search-progress', '100%');
                         setTimeout(resolve, 250);
                     }
-                }
+                };
                 requestAnimationFrame(frame);
             });
 
@@ -125,46 +190,70 @@
                         items = allItems.filter(it => it.category === containerId);
                     }
                 })
-                .finally(() => { 
+                .finally(() => {
                     loadPromise = null;
-                    if (inputContainer) {
-                        inputContainer.classList.remove('search-loading');
+                    if ($inputContainer.length) {
+                        $inputContainer.removeClass('search-loading');
                     }
                 });
             return loadPromise;
-        }
+        };
 
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Fuzzy Search & Auto-Correction
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // A vocabulary of all known words from search data and page content.
+        // Used for efficient auto-correction.
         let vocabulary = new Set();
 
-        function levenshtein(a, b) {
+        /**
+         * Calculates the Levenshtein distance between two strings.
+         * This is a measure of the difference between two sequences.
+         * @param {string} a - The first string.
+         * @param {string} b - The second string.
+         * @returns {number} The Levenshtein distance.
+         */
+        const levenshtein = (a, b) => {
+            // Standard, optimized Levenshtein implementation.
             const alen = a.length;
             const blen = b.length;
             if (alen === 0) return blen;
             if (blen === 0) return alen;
-            const matrix = [];
-            for (let i = 0; i <= blen; i++) { matrix[i] = [i]; }
-            for (let j = 0; j <= alen; j++) { matrix[0][j] = j; }
+
+            if (alen > blen) return levenshtein(b, a); // Ensure a is the shorter string.
+
+            const row = new Array(alen + 1);
+            for (let i = 0; i <= alen; i++) {
+                row[i] = i;
+            }
+
             for (let i = 1; i <= blen; i++) {
+                let prev = i;
                 for (let j = 1; j <= alen; j++) {
-                    if (b.charAt(i - 1) === a.charAt(j - 1)) {
-                        matrix[i][j] = matrix[i - 1][j - 1];
-                    } else {
-                        matrix[i][j] = Math.min(matrix[i - 1][j - 1] + 1, Math.min(matrix[i][j - 1] + 1, matrix[i - 1][j] + 1));
-                    }
+                    const val = (b.charAt(i - 1) === a.charAt(j - 1)) ? row[j - 1] : Math.min(row[j - 1], prev, row[j]) + 1;
+                    row[j - 1] = prev;
+                    prev = val;
                 }
+                row[alen] = prev;
             }
-            return matrix[blen][alen];
-        }
-
-        function findCorrection(word) {
+            return row[alen];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Finds the closest matching word from the vocabulary for a given misspelled word.
+         * @param {string} word - The word to correct.
+         * @returns {string|null} The corrected word, or null if no good match is found.
+         */
+        const findCorrection = (word) => {
             if (vocabulary.has(word)) return null;
-            
-            // Heuristic: Don't correct short words aggressively.
+
+            // Heuristic: Allow more typos for longer words.
             const maxDist = (word.length <= 4) ? 1 : 2;
 
             let bestWord = null;
-            let minDistance = maxDist + 1; 
+            let minDistance = maxDist + 1;
             for (const vocabWord of vocabulary) {
+                // Optimization: skip words with a large length difference.
                 if (Math.abs(vocabWord.length - word.length) > maxDist) continue;
                 const dist = levenshtein(word, vocabWord);
                 if (dist < minDistance) {
@@ -173,11 +262,20 @@
                 }
             }
             return bestWord;
-        }
-
-        function processItems(data) {
+        };
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Data Processing & Scoring
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        /**
+         * Processes the raw search data array into a structured, optimized format.
+         * This includes de-duplication, building the vocabulary, and pre-calculating values.
+         * @param {Array<Object>} data - The raw array of search items from JSON.
+         * @returns {Array<Object>} The processed array of search items.
+         */
+        const processItems = (data) => {
             vocabulary.clear();
-            const seen = new Map();
+            const seen = new Map(); // Used to de-duplicate items by their href.
             const processed = [];
 
             data.forEach(o => {
@@ -185,6 +283,7 @@
                 const lowerTitle = (o.title || '').toLowerCase();
                 const lowerContent = (o.content || '').toLowerCase();
 
+                // If we've already seen this link, merge content if necessary but don't add a new entry.
                 if (seen.has(href)) {
                     const existing = seen.get(href);
                     if (!existing.lowerContent && lowerContent) {
@@ -193,6 +292,7 @@
                     return;
                 }
 
+                // Add all words from the title and content to the vocabulary.
                 const tokens = lowerTitle.split(/[^a-z0-9]+/);
                 tokens.forEach(t => { if (t.length > 2) vocabulary.add(t); });
 
@@ -201,6 +301,7 @@
                     contentTokens.forEach(t => { if (t.length > 2) vocabulary.add(t); });
                 }
 
+                // Handle apostrophes by creating a version of the title without them for matching.
                 let matchTitle = lowerTitle;
                 if (lowerTitle.indexOf("'") > -1) {
                     const lowerNoApos = lowerTitle.replace(/'/g, '');
@@ -209,11 +310,12 @@
                     tokensNoApos.forEach(t => { if (t.length > 2) vocabulary.add(t); });
                 }
 
-                const item = { 
-                    title: (o.title || '').trim(), 
-                    href: href, 
-                    category: o.category, 
-                    safeTitle: escapeHtml(o.title || ''), 
+                // Create the final processed item object.
+                const item = {
+                    title: (o.title || '').trim(),
+                    href: href,
+                    category: o.category,
+                    safeTitle: escapeHtml(o.title || ''), // Pre-escaped for safe rendering.
                     lowerTitle: matchTitle,
                     lowerContent: lowerContent
                 };
@@ -221,53 +323,75 @@
                 processed.push(item);
             });
 
-            // Dynamic Vocabulary: Add words from the current page content using the DOM API.
-            // This acts as a dynamic whitelist for common words present in the UI/content.
+            // Dynamic Vocabulary Enhancement: Add words from the current page's visible text.
+            // This helps auto-correction recognize context-specific terms not in the search index.
             try {
-                const pageText = (document.body.innerText || '').slice(0, 100000).toLowerCase();
+                const pageText = ($('body').text() || '').slice(0, 100000).toLowerCase();
                 const pageTokens = pageText.split(/[^a-z0-9]+/);
                 pageTokens.forEach(t => { if (t.length > 2) vocabulary.add(t); });
-            } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+            } catch (e) { /* Ignore errors, this is a non-critical enhancement */ }
 
             return processed;
-        }
-
-        // Scoring helper (operates on precomputed lowerTitle)
-        function scoreFor(item, qtrim, tokens) {
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates a relevance score for a search item against a query.
+         * @param {Object} item - The search item to score.
+         * @param {string} qtrim - The trimmed, lowercased search query.
+         * @param {Array<string>} tokens - The query split into words.
+         * @returns {{score: number, type: string|null}} The score and match type.
+         */
+        const scoreFor = (item, qtrim, tokens) => {
             const lowerTitle = item.lowerTitle;
             const lowerContent = item.lowerContent || '';
 
+            // Score is tiered based on match quality. Higher is better.
             if (lowerTitle === qtrim) return { score: 100, type: 'exact' };
             if (qtrim && lowerTitle.startsWith(qtrim)) return { score: 90, type: 'prefix' };
             if (qtrim.length > 1 && lowerTitle.indexOf(qtrim) !== -1) return { score: 80, type: 'substring' };
             if (tokens.length > 0 && tokens.every(t => lowerTitle.indexOf(t) !== -1)) return { score: 70 + tokens.length, type: 'alltokens' };
-            
-            // Content matches
+
+            // Content matches are scored lower than title matches.
             if (lowerContent.indexOf(qtrim) !== -1) return { score: 60, type: 'content' };
             if (tokens.length > 0 && tokens.every(t => lowerContent.indexOf(t) !== -1)) return { score: 50 + tokens.length, type: 'content_all' };
 
+            // Partial token matches are the lowest score.
             const matches = tokens.reduce((c, t) => c + (lowerTitle.indexOf(t) !== -1 ? 1 : 0), 0);
             if (matches > 0) return { score: 40 + matches, type: 'anytokens' };
-            return { score: 0, type: null };
-        }
 
-        // Highlighting: use pre-escaped safeTitle to avoid re-escaping repeatedly.
-        function buildHighlighted(item, qtrim, tokens, type) {
+            return { score: 0, type: null }; // No match.
+        };
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Result Rendering
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        /**
+         * Generates an HTML string with search terms highlighted using <mark> tags.
+         * @param {Object} item - The search item, containing a `safeTitle`.
+         * @param {string} qtrim - The trimmed, lowercased search query.
+         * @param {Array<string>} tokens - The query split into words.
+         * @param {string} type - The type of match, used to guide highlighting strategy.
+         * @returns {string} The HTML string for the highlighted title.
+         */
+        const buildHighlighted = (item, qtrim, tokens, type) => {
             const safe = item.safeTitle;
             if (!qtrim) return safe;
 
-            function getPattern(t) {
+            // Creates a regex pattern that can handle optional apostrophes between letters.
+            const getPattern = (t) => {
                 if (/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/.test(t)) {
                     return t.split('').map(c => escapeRegExp(c) + "[']?").join('');
                 }
                 return escapeRegExp(t);
-            }
+            };
 
             try {
+                // For simple matches, a single regex replace is fast and effective.
                 if (type === 'exact' || type === 'prefix' || type === 'substring') {
                     const re = new RegExp('(' + getPattern(qtrim) + ')', 'ig');
                     return safe.replace(re, '<mark>$1</mark>');
                 }
+                // For token-based matches, highlight each token.
                 const uniq = Array.from(new Set(tokens)).sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);
                 let out = safe;
                 uniq.forEach(token => {
@@ -277,6 +401,8 @@
                 });
                 return out;
             } catch (err) {
+                // Fallback for complex regex or edge cases: manual range-based highlighting.
+                // This is slower but more robust.
                 const orig = item.title || '';
                 const lowerOrig = orig.toLowerCase();
                 const uniq = Array.from(new Set(tokens)).sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);
@@ -295,6 +421,7 @@
 
                 if (ranges.length === 0) return escapeHtml(orig);
 
+                // Merge overlapping highlight ranges to avoid nested <mark> tags.
                 ranges.sort((a, b) => a[0] - b[0]);
                 const merged = [ranges[0].slice()];
                 for (let i = 1; i < ranges.length; i++) {
@@ -307,6 +434,7 @@
                     }
                 }
 
+                // Build the final HTML string from the merged ranges.
                 const parts = [];
                 let idx = 0;
                 merged.forEach(r => {
@@ -318,142 +446,320 @@
                 if (idx < orig.length) parts.push(escapeHtml(orig.substring(idx)));
                 return parts.join('');
             }
-        }
+        };
 
-        // Render: compute scores, pick top 25, and update DOM efficiently.
-        function renderMatches(q) {
+        /**
+         * Renders the top search matches into the DOM.
+         * @param {string} q - The raw search query from the input field.
+         */
+        const renderMatches = (q) => {
             const qtrim = (q || '').trim().toLowerCase();
             if (qtrim.length === 0) {
-                container.style.display = 'none';
-                if (matchCountEl) matchCountEl.style.display = 'none';
+                $container.hide();
+                $matchCount.hide();
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Ensure data is loaded lazily on first interaction
+            // Ensure data is loaded before attempting to render results.
             loadItemsIfNeeded().then(() => {
-            const tokens = qtrim.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean);
-
-            // Fast path: map with precomputed lowerTitle
-            const scoredAll = items.map(it => {
-                const s = scoreFor(it, qtrim, tokens);
-                return Object.assign({}, it, s);
-            }).filter(r => r.score > 0)
-                .sort((a, b) => (b.score - a.score) || a.title.localeCompare(b.title));
-
-            const totalMatches = scoredAll.length;
-            const displayed = scoredAll.slice(0, 25);
-
-            // Build DOM off-screen
-            const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
-            displayed.forEach(r => {
-                const a = document.createElement('a');
-                a.className = 'codecard card';
-                a.href = r.href;
-                a.onclick = function () { clear_input(); };
-                a.style.display = 'block';
-                a.style.marginBottom = '6px';
-                a.innerHTML = buildHighlighted(r, qtrim, tokens, r.type);
-                frag.appendChild(a);
-            });
-
-            // Batch DOM update
-            window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-                container.innerHTML = '';
-                container.appendChild(frag);
-                container.style.display = 'block';
-                if (matchCountEl) {
-                    matchCountEl.textContent = 'Showing ' + Math.min(25, totalMatches) + ' of ' + totalMatches + (totalMatches === 1 ? ' result' : ' results');
-                    matchCountEl.style.display = 'block';
-                }
-            });
+                const tokens = qtrim.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean);
+
+                // Score all items, filter out non-matches, and sort by score.
+                const scoredAll = items.map(it => {
+                    const s = scoreFor(it, qtrim, tokens);
+                    return Object.assign({}, it, s);
+                }).filter(r => r.score > 0)
+                    .sort((a, b) => (b.score - a.score) || a.title.localeCompare(b.title));
+
+                const totalMatches = scoredAll.length;
+                const displayed = scoredAll.slice(0, 25); // Limit to top 25 results.
+
+                // Performance: Build a single HTML string instead of creating DOM nodes in a loop.
+                const html = displayed.map(r => {
+                    return `<a class="codecard card" href="${r.href}" style="display:block; margin-bottom:6px;">${buildHighlighted(r, qtrim, tokens, r.type)}</a>`;
+                }).join('');
+
+                // Batch the DOM update using requestAnimationFrame for smoother rendering.
+                window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                    $container.html(html).show();
+
+                    // Event delegation: attach a single click handler to the container.
+                    // This is more efficient than attaching one to each result link.
+                    $container.find('a').on('click', window.clear_input);
+
+                    // Update the match count display.
+                    if ($matchCount.length) {
+                        $matchCount.text('Showing ' + Math.min(25, totalMatches) + ' of ' + totalMatches + (totalMatches === 1 ? ' result' : ' results'));
+                        $matchCount.show();
+                    }
+                });
             });
-        }
+        };
 
-        // Attach a debounced input handler to the search input (id="GDSInput").
-        // We debounce to avoid running expensive work on every keystroke.
-        let tid = null;
-        input.addEventListener('input', function (e) {
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Event Listeners
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        let tid = null; // Timer ID for debouncing.
+        $input.on('input', function(e) {
             clearTimeout(tid);
-            
-            // Autocorrect logic: triggers when the last character typed is a space
-            const cursor = input.selectionStart;
-            if (items !== null && cursor > 0 && input.value[cursor - 1] === ' ') {
-                const val = input.value;
+
+            // Auto-correction logic: triggers when the user types a space.
+            const cursor = this.selectionStart;
+            if (items !== null && cursor > 0 && this.value[cursor - 1] === ' ') {
+                const val = this.value;
                 const textBefore = val.slice(0, cursor - 1);
-                const match = textBefore.match(/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$/);
+                const match = textBefore.match(/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$/); // Find the last word.
                 if (match) {
                     const word = match[1];
                     const lowerWord = word.toLowerCase();
+                    // Check if the word is short and not in our vocabulary.
                     if (word.length > 2 && !vocabulary.has(lowerWord)) {
                         const correction = findCorrection(lowerWord);
                         if (correction) {
+                            // Replace the misspelled word and restore cursor position.
                             const before = val.slice(0, match.index);
                             const after = val.slice(cursor);
-                            input.value = before + correction + ' ' + after;
+                            this.value = before + correction + ' ' + after;
                             const newCursor = before.length + correction.length + 1;
-                            input.setSelectionRange(newCursor, newCursor);
+                            this.setSelectionRange(newCursor, newCursor);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            const v = input.value || '';
-            // Toggle icons immediately for UX via the shared helper
+            const v = $(this).val() || '';
+            // Update UI icons immediately for a responsive feel.
             if (typeof window.display_results === 'function') window.display_results();
 
             if (v.length === 0) {
-                renderMatches('');
+                renderMatches(''); // Clear results immediately if input is empty.
                 return;
             }
-            // 150ms debounce gives a balance of responsiveness and work reduction
+            // Debounce the expensive renderMatches call to avoid running it on every keystroke.
             tid = setTimeout(() => renderMatches(v), 150);
         });
 
-        // Prefetch on focus
-        input.addEventListener('focus', function() {
+        // Pre-fetch search data when the user focuses on the input, anticipating a search.
+        $input.on('focus', () => {
             loadItemsIfNeeded();
         });
 
-    });
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Search Suggestions & Voice Input
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        const $micIcon = $('#mic_icon');
+        const $suggestionsContainer = $('#search-suggestions');
+        const $suggestionsParentContainer = $('#suggestions-container');
+        const $light = $('#suggestion-light');
+
+        // Voice Search Logic
+        if ($micIcon.length) {
+            const $micIconI = $micIcon.find('i');
+            const SpeechRecognition = window.SpeechRecognition || window.webkitSpeechRecognition;
+            let recognition;
+            let isListening = false;
+
+            if (SpeechRecognition) {
+                recognition = new SpeechRecognition();
+                recognition.continuous = false;
+                recognition.lang = 'en-US';
+                recognition.interimResults = false;
+                recognition.maxAlternatives = 1;
+
+                $micIcon.on('click', () => {
+                    if (isListening) {
+                        recognition.stop();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        recognition.start();
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        console.error("Speech recognition could not be started:", e);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                recognition.onstart = () => {
+                    isListening = true;
+                    $micIconI.removeClass('bi-mic').addClass('bi-mic-fill text-danger');
+                };
+
+                recognition.onresult = (event) => {
+                    const transcript = event.results[0][0].transcript;
+                    $input.val(transcript);
+                    $input.trigger('input');
+                };
 
-    // Clear the search input and hide any visible results or icons.
-    window.clear_input = function () {
-        const inputEl = document.getElementById("GDSInput");
-        if (inputEl) inputEl.value = "";
-        if (typeof window.display_results === 'function') window.display_results();
-    };
-
-    // Update UI controls based on whether the input contains text. This is a
-    // small helper used by the onkeypress/onkeyup attributes on the input field.
-    window.display_results = function () {
-        const input = document.getElementById("GDSInput");
-        const val = input ? input.value : "";
-        const searchEl = document.getElementById("search");
-        const closeIcon = document.getElementById("close_icon");
-        const searchIcon = document.getElementById("search_icon");
-        const matchCount = document.getElementById('matchCount');
-        const gdPathEl = window.gd_path1 ? document.getElementById(window.gd_path1) : null;
-
-        if (val.length === 0) {
-            if (closeIcon) closeIcon.style.display = "none";
-            if (searchIcon) searchIcon.style.display = "inline-block";
-            if (gdPathEl) gdPathEl.style.display = "none";
-            if (searchEl) searchEl.style.display = "none";
-            if (matchCount) matchCount.style.display = 'none';
-        } else {
-            if (searchEl) searchEl.style.display = "block";
-            if (closeIcon) { closeIcon.style.display = "inline-block"; closeIcon.style.cursor = "pointer"; }
-            if (searchIcon) searchIcon.style.display = "none";
+                recognition.onerror = (event) => {
+                    console.error('Speech recognition error:', event.error);
+                };
+
+                recognition.onend = () => {
+                    isListening = false;
+                    $micIconI.removeClass('bi-mic-fill text-danger').addClass('bi-mic');
+                };
+            } else {
+                $micIcon.hide();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Suggestions UI Effects
+        if ($light.length) {
+            const blinkTotal = 3;
+            const intervalTime = 2000;
+            let blinkCount = 0;
+            const intervalId = setInterval(() => {
+                if (blinkCount >= blinkTotal) {
+                    clearInterval(intervalId);
+                    return;
+                }
+                $light.removeClass('bi-lightbulb').addClass('bi-lightbulb-fill light-on');
+                setTimeout(() => {
+                    $light.removeClass('bi-lightbulb-fill light-on').addClass('bi-lightbulb');
+                }, intervalTime / 2);
+                blinkCount++;
+            }, intervalTime);
         }
-    };
 
-    if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined') {
-        jQuery(document).ready(function () {
-            jQuery("html").on("contextmenu", function (e) { return false; });
+        // Suggestions Logic
+        const learnSuggestions = [
+            'C', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'R', 'Julia', 'Octave', 'C#', 'F#',
+            'Rust', 'LISP', 'Linux', 'MySQL', 'MongoDB', 'Selenium', 'Algorithm', 'Assembly', 'VBScript',
+            'Ranorex', 'OpenGL', 'AWT', 'Function', 'Method', 'Class', 'Inheritance',
+            'Polymorphism', 'Abstraction', 'Array', 'Bash', 'CLI', 'Exception', 'Database',
+            'Stack', 'Queue', 'Tree', 'Graph', 'Sorting', 'Searching', 'Recursion', 'XPath', 'WebDriver', 'TestNG',
+            'String', 'DataFrame', 'NumPy', 'Pandas', 'Matplotlib', 'List', 'Set', 'Tuple', 'Dictionary',
+            'Expression', 'Log', 'Thread', 'Matrix', 'Math', 'CRUD'
+        ];
+        const toolsSuggestions = [
+            'Calculator', 'Converter', 'Data', 'Length', 'Time', 'Currency', 'Physics', 'Hash', 'Area', 'Volume',
+            'Speed', 'Temperature', 'Pressure', 'Power', 'Energy', 'Age', 'BMI'
+        ];
+
+        const deactivateSuggestions = () => {
+            $suggestionsContainer.children().removeClass('active');
+        };
+
+        const displaySuggestions = (suggestions) => {
+            if (!$suggestionsContainer.length || !$suggestionsParentContainer.length || suggestions.length === 0) return;
+            for (let i = suggestions.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+                const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
+                [suggestions[i], suggestions[j]] = [suggestions[j], suggestions[i]];
+            }
+            const suggestionsHtml = suggestions.slice(0, 3).map(suggestion => {
+                const sanitizedSuggestion = $('<div>').text(suggestion).html();
+                return `<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary rounded-pill" style="margin: 2px; font-size: 12px;">${sanitizedSuggestion}</a>`;
+            }).join(' ');
+            $suggestionsContainer.html(suggestionsHtml);
+            $suggestionsParentContainer.show();
+        };
+
+        $suggestionsContainer.on('click', 'a.btn', function(event) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            const text = $(this).text();
+            $input.val(text);
+            $input.trigger('input');
+            $input.trigger('blur');
+            deactivateSuggestions();
+            $(this).addClass('active');
+        });
+
+        $closeIcon.on('click', function() {
+            if (typeof window.clear_input === 'function') window.clear_input();
+            deactivateSuggestions();
         });
-        jQuery(document).keydown(function (event) {
-            if (event.keyCode == 123) { return false; }
+
+        $input.on('input', function() {
+            if (!$(this).val()) deactivateSuggestions();
         });
-    }
+
+        const loadSuggestions = () => {
+            const currentCategory = window.gd_path1;
+            if (currentCategory === 'search') {
+                displaySuggestions(learnSuggestions.concat(toolsSuggestions));
+            } else if (currentCategory === 'learn') {
+                displaySuggestions(learnSuggestions);
+            } else if (currentCategory === 'tools') {
+                displaySuggestions(toolsSuggestions);
+            } else {
+                $.getJSON(window.gd_search_url || '/search.json')
+                    .then(data => {
+                        const keywords = new Set();
+                        let itemsToProcess = data.items;
+                        if (currentCategory) {
+                            const categoryItems = data.items.filter(item => item.category === currentCategory);
+                            if (categoryItems.length > 0) itemsToProcess = categoryItems;
+                        }
+                        itemsToProcess.forEach(item => {
+                            const words = item.title.match(/[a-zA-Z0-9+.#-]+/g) || [];
+                            words.forEach(word => {
+                                const firstChar = word.charAt(0);
+                                if (word.length > 2 && word.length <= 15 && isNaN(word) && firstChar >= 'A' && firstChar <= 'Z') {
+                                    keywords.add(word);
+                                }
+                            });
+                            const cat = item.category?.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + item.category?.slice(1);
+                            if (cat && cat.length > 2 && cat.length <= 15) keywords.add(cat);
+                        });
+                        displaySuggestions(Array.from(keywords));
+                    })
+                    .catch(error => console.error('Error fetching or processing search.json for suggestions:', error));
+            }
+        };
+
+        loadSuggestions();
+
+        $(window).on('pageshow', (event) => {
+            if (event.originalEvent.persisted) {
+                loadSuggestions();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // On page load, ensure the input is cleared
+        if (typeof window.clear_input === 'function') window.clear_input();
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Global Helper Functions
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // These functions are exposed on the `window` object to be callable from
+        // other scripts or inline HTML event attributes (like the close icon's onclick).
+
+        /**
+         * Clears the search input field and hides the results.
+         */
+        window.clear_input = () => {
+            $input.val("");
+            window.display_results(); // Trigger UI update.
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Updates the visibility of UI controls (close/search icons, results container)
+         * based on whether the input field has text.
+         */
+        window.display_results = () => {
+            const val = $input.val();
+
+            if (val.length === 0) {
+                $closeIcon.hide();
+                $searchIcon.css('display', '');
+                $resultsContainer.hide();
+                $matchCount.hide();
+            } else {
+                $resultsContainer.show();
+                $closeIcon.css({'display': '', 'cursor': 'pointer'});
+                $searchIcon.hide();
+            }
+        };
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // SECTION: Security Measures
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // Basic security to deter casual inspection and content scraping.
+        // Disables the right-click context menu.
+        $("html").on("contextmenu", () => false);
+        // Disables the F12 key to open developer tools.
+        $(document).on("keydown", (event) => {
+            if (event.key === "F12") return false;
+        });
+    });
 
 })();
diff --git a/assets/js/tools.js b/assets/js/tools.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f836459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/js/tools.js
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+/**
+ * GoDarda - Common Tools Logic (tools.js)
+ *
+ * Purpose:
+ * This module provides a reusable foundation for both Calculators and Converters.
+ * It unifies the logic for UI initialization, state management, and DOM updates.
+ *
+ * Modes:
+ * 1. Calculator Mode: Uses 'stats' and a custom 'calculate' function.
+ * 2. Converter Mode: Uses 'units' to auto-generate stats and conversion logic.
+ *
+ * Key Features:
+ * 1. Dynamic UI Generation: Creates result cards and dropdown menus based on configuration.
+ * 2. Flexible Inputs: Supports any number of inputs (numbers, dates, text).
+ * 3. State Management: Tracks selected stats and persists defaults.
+ * 4. Optimized Rendering: Uses caching and efficient DOM updates.
+ */
+
+(() => {
+    /**
+     * Formats a number for display, handling scientific notation for extreme values
+     * and limiting precision for readability.
+     * @param {number} num - The number to format.
+     * @returns {string} The formatted number string.
+     */
+    const formatNumber = (num) => {
+        if (num === 0) return '0';
+        const abs = Math.abs(num);
+        if (abs < 1e-4 || abs > 1e6) {
+            return num.toExponential(4);
+        }
+        return parseFloat(num.toPrecision(6)).toString();
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Normalizes the converter configuration by converting unit factors to functions
+     * and generating the statistics structure.
+     * @param {Object} units - The units configuration object.
+     * @param {Array<string>} [defaultSelectedUnits] - List of unit keys selected by default.
+     * @returns {Object} The normalized stats object.
+     */
+    const normalizeConverterConfig = (units, defaultSelectedUnits) => {
+        // Normalize Units: Convert simple factors to toBase/fromBase functions
+        Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
+            const u = units[key];
+            if (u.factor !== undefined && !u.toBase) {
+                u.toBase = v => v * u.factor;
+                u.fromBase = v => v / u.factor;
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Generate Stats from Units
+        const stats = {};
+        Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
+            stats[key] = {
+                name: `${units[key].name} (${units[key].symbol})`,
+                default: defaultSelectedUnits ? defaultSelectedUnits.includes(key) : true
+            };
+        });
+        return stats;
+    };
+
+    window.setupTool = (config) => {
+        let {
+            stats,              // [Calculator] Configuration for output tiles: { key: { name, default } }
+            inputs = [],        // [Calculator] Array of input element IDs
+            calculate,          // [Calculator] Function to compute results based on inputs
+            resultsId = 'resultsContainer',
+            dropdownId = 'viewOptionsMenu',
+            clearBtnId = 'btnClear',
+
+            // [Converter Mode] Specific Config
+            units,
+            defaultUnit,
+            defaultSelectedUnits,
+            converterType = 'numeric',
+            inputPlaceholder = 'Enter value...',
+            inputType = 'number'
+        } = config;
+
+        const isConverter = !!units;
+        let inputUnitSelect = null;
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // Converter Mode Initialization
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        if (isConverter) {
+            // Normalize units and generate stats structure
+            stats = normalizeConverterConfig(units, defaultSelectedUnits);
+
+            // Configure inputs for converter mode
+            inputs = ['inputValue'];
+
+            // Adjust input element type (Textarea vs Input) based on configuration
+            const inputEl = document.getElementById('inputValue');
+            if (inputEl) {
+                if (inputType === 'textarea') {
+                    const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
+                    textarea.id = 'inputValue';
+                    textarea.className = inputEl.className;
+                    textarea.placeholder = inputPlaceholder;
+                    textarea.setAttribute('aria-label', inputEl.getAttribute('aria-label'));
+                    textarea.rows = 2;
+                    inputEl.parentNode.replaceChild(textarea, inputEl);
+                } else {
+                    inputEl.placeholder = inputPlaceholder;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Populate the input unit dropdown menu
+            inputUnitSelect = document.getElementById('inputUnit');
+            if (inputUnitSelect) {
+                const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
+                Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
+                    const opt = document.createElement('option');
+                    opt.value = key;
+                    opt.textContent = `${units[key].name} (${units[key].symbol})`;
+                    if (key === defaultUnit) opt.selected = true;
+                    frag.appendChild(opt);
+                });
+                inputUnitSelect.innerHTML = '';
+                inputUnitSelect.appendChild(frag);
+
+                // Add listener for unit change
+                inputUnitSelect.addEventListener('change', () => {
+                    handleInput();
+                    updateVisibility();
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Define the calculation logic for unit conversion
+            calculate = (vals) => {
+                const valStr = vals.inputValue;
+                const currentUnitKey = inputUnitSelect ? inputUnitSelect.value : defaultUnit;
+                const res = {};
+
+                if (!units[currentUnitKey]) return res;
+
+                if (converterType === 'numeric') {
+                    const val = parseFloat(valStr);
+                    const baseValue = isNaN(val) ? 0 : units[currentUnitKey].toBase(val);
+
+                    Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
+                        if (isNaN(val) || valStr === '') {
+                            res[key] = '-';
+                        } else {
+                            const u = units[key];
+                            const targetValue = u.fromBase(baseValue);
+                            res[key] = formatNumber(targetValue) + ' ' + u.symbol;
+                        }
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    // String-based conversion
+                    const baseValue = units[currentUnitKey].toBase(valStr);
+                    Object.keys(units).forEach(key => {
+                        res[key] = (valStr === '') ? '-' : units[key].fromBase(baseValue);
+                    });
+                }
+                return res;
+            };
+        }
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // State Management
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        let selectedStats = new Set(Object.keys(stats).filter(k => stats[k].default !== false));
+        const defaultStats = new Set(selectedStats);
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // DOM Elements
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        const resultsContainer = document.getElementById(resultsId);
+        const viewOptionsMenu = document.getElementById(dropdownId);
+        const btnClear = document.getElementById(clearBtnId);
+        const inputElements = inputs.map(id => document.getElementById(id)).filter(el => el);
+
+        /**
+         * Initializes the UI components, including result cards and dropdown menus.
+         * Uses DocumentFragment for efficient DOM insertion.
+         */
+        const init = () => {
+            // Create "Select All", "Clear All", and "Reset" actions in the dropdown
+            if (viewOptionsMenu) {
+                const liActions = document.createElement('li');
+                liActions.innerHTML = `
+            <div class="dropdown-item-text">
+                <div class="d-flex gap-2 mb-2">
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary w-50" id="btn_calc_select_all">Select All</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-danger w-50" id="btn_calc_clear_all">Clear All</button>
+                </div>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary w-100" id="btn_calc_reset">Reset to Default</button>
+            </div>
+            <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
+        `;
+                liActions.addEventListener('click', e => e.stopPropagation());
+                viewOptionsMenu.appendChild(liActions);
+
+                // Bind Action Buttons
+                liActions.querySelector('#btn_calc_select_all').addEventListener('click', () => {
+                    selectedStats = new Set(Object.keys(stats));
+                    updateVisibility();
+                });
+                liActions.querySelector('#btn_calc_clear_all').addEventListener('click', () => {
+                    selectedStats.clear();
+                    updateVisibility();
+                });
+                liActions.querySelector('#btn_calc_reset').addEventListener('click', () => {
+                    selectedStats = new Set(defaultStats);
+                    updateVisibility();
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Generate result cards and corresponding dropdown toggle options
+            const statKeys = Object.keys(stats);
+
+            const resultsFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
+            const dropdownFrag = viewOptionsMenu ? document.createDocumentFragment() : null;
+
+            // Hide the view options dropdown if there are insufficient options to toggle
+            if (viewOptionsMenu && statKeys.length <= 1) {
+                const dropdown = viewOptionsMenu.closest('.dropdown');
+                if (dropdown) {
+                    dropdown.style.display = 'none';
+                    const col = dropdown.closest('.col-auto');
+                    if (col) col.style.display = 'none';
+                }
+            }
+
+            const category = resultsContainer ? resultsContainer.getAttribute('data-category') : '';
+            const borderStyle = category ? `border-left: 5px solid var(--${category});` : '';
+
+            statKeys.forEach(key => {
+                const s = stats[key];
+
+                // Create the result card element
+                const col = document.createElement('div');
+                col.className = 'col';
+                col.dataset.stat = key;
+                col.innerHTML = `
+            <div class="stat position-relative text-center" style="color: var(--bnw); ${borderStyle}">
+                <div class="small">${s.name}</div>
+                <div class="res-val mb-0" id="res_${key}" style="padding-right: 2rem; padding-left: 2rem;">-</div>
+                <div class="small text-primary mt-1" id="sub_${key}" style="display:none"></div>
+                <button class="btn btn-sm btn-link text-secondary position-absolute top-50 end-0 translate-middle-y me-2 p-0"
+                        id="btn_copy_${key}"
+                        style="display:none; z-index: 5; text-decoration: none; border: 0;"
+                        data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
+                        title="Copy">
+                    <i class="bi bi-clipboard"></i>
+                </button>
+            </div>
+        `;
+                resultsFrag.appendChild(col);
+
+                // Cache DOM references for efficient updates
+                s.element = col;
+                s.valElement = col.querySelector(`#res_${key}`);
+                s.subElement = col.querySelector(`#sub_${key}`);
+                s.copyBtn = col.querySelector(`#btn_copy_${key}`);
+
+                // Initialize tooltip
+                if (s.copyBtn && typeof bootstrap !== 'undefined' && bootstrap.Tooltip) {
+                    new bootstrap.Tooltip(s.copyBtn);
+                }
+
+                // Add click listener for copy button
+                if (s.copyBtn) {
+                    // Initialize tooltip on hover if not already initialized
+                    s.copyBtn.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => {
+                        if (typeof bootstrap !== 'undefined' && bootstrap.Tooltip && !bootstrap.Tooltip.getInstance(s.copyBtn)) {
+                            new bootstrap.Tooltip(s.copyBtn).show();
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    s.copyBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+                        const text = s.valElement.textContent;
+                        if (text && text !== '-') {
+                            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
+                                const icon = s.copyBtn.querySelector('i');
+                                const originalIconClass = icon.className;
+                                icon.className = 'bi bi-clipboard-check';
+
+                                // Tooltip logic is handled here, at click time, to ensure bootstrap is loaded.
+                                if (typeof bootstrap !== 'undefined' && bootstrap.Tooltip) {
+                                    let tooltip = bootstrap.Tooltip.getInstance(s.copyBtn);
+                                    if (!tooltip) {
+                                        tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(s.copyBtn);
+                                    }
+                                    s.copyBtn.setAttribute('data-bs-original-title', 'Copied!');
+                                    tooltip.show();
+                                    setTimeout(() => {
+                                        tooltip.hide();
+                                        s.copyBtn.setAttribute('data-bs-original-title', 'Copy');
+                                        icon.className = originalIconClass;
+                                    }, 2000);
+                                }
+                            }).catch(err => console.error("Copy failed:", err));
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+
+                // Create the dropdown toggle item
+                if (dropdownFrag) {
+                    const li = document.createElement('li');
+                    li.innerHTML = `
+                <div class="dropdown-item">
+                    <div class="form-check">
+                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="${key}" id="chk_${key}" ${selectedStats.has(key) ? 'checked' : ''}>
+                        <label class="form-check-label w-100" for="chk_${key}">${s.name}</label>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            `;
+                    li.addEventListener('click', e => e.stopPropagation());
+                    const chk = li.querySelector('input');
+                    chk.addEventListener('change', () => {
+                        if (chk.checked) selectedStats.add(key);
+                        else selectedStats.delete(key);
+                        updateVisibility();
+                    });
+                    dropdownFrag.appendChild(li);
+                    s.checkbox = chk;
+                }
+            });
+
+            resultsContainer.appendChild(resultsFrag);
+            if (viewOptionsMenu && dropdownFrag) viewOptionsMenu.appendChild(dropdownFrag);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Updates the visibility of result cards based on user selection and mode.
+         */
+        const updateVisibility = () => {
+            // In Converter Mode, hide the result card corresponding to the selected input unit
+            let visibleCount = 0;
+            const currentInputUnit = isConverter && inputUnitSelect ? inputUnitSelect.value : null;
+
+            Object.keys(stats).forEach(key => {
+                const s = stats[key];
+                // If converter, hide if it matches the input unit
+                const isHidden = !selectedStats.has(key) || (key === currentInputUnit);
+
+                s.element.classList.toggle('d-none', isHidden);
+                if (s.checkbox) s.checkbox.checked = selectedStats.has(key);
+
+                if (!isHidden) visibleCount++;
+            });
+
+            // Dynamically adjust the grid layout based on the number of visible cards
+            resultsContainer.className = 'row g-2 mb-3';
+            if (visibleCount <= 1) {
+                resultsContainer.classList.add('row-cols-1');
+            } else {
+                resultsContainer.classList.add('row-cols-1', 'row-cols-md-2');
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves input values, executes the calculation, and updates the UI.
+         */
+        const updateValues = () => {
+            // Collect values from all configured input elements
+            const inputValues = {};
+            inputElements.forEach(el => {
+                inputValues[el.id] = (el.type === 'checkbox') ? el.checked : el.value;
+            });
+
+            // Execute the calculation function
+            const results = calculate(inputValues);
+
+            // Update result cards with the computed values
+            Object.keys(stats).forEach(key => {
+                const s = stats[key];
+                const res = results[key];
+
+                if (res === undefined || res === null) {
+                    s.valElement.textContent = '-';
+                    s.subElement.style.display = 'none';
+                } else if (typeof res === 'object' && res !== null) {
+                    s.valElement.textContent = res.main || '-';
+                    if (res.sub) {
+                        s.subElement.textContent = res.sub;
+                        s.subElement.style.display = 'block';
+                    } else {
+                        s.subElement.style.display = 'none';
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    s.valElement.textContent = res;
+                    s.subElement.style.display = 'none';
+                }
+
+                if (s.copyBtn) {
+                    const text = s.valElement.textContent;
+                    s.copyBtn.style.display = (text !== '-' && text.trim() !== '') ? 'block' : 'none';
+                }
+            });
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Debounced input handler to prevent excessive recalculations during typing.
+         */
+        let tId = null;
+        const handleInput = () => {
+            clearTimeout(tId);
+            tId = setTimeout(updateValues, 100);
+        };
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // Event Listeners
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        inputElements.forEach(el => {
+            el.addEventListener('input', handleInput);
+            el.addEventListener('change', handleInput); // For date pickers/selects
+        });
+
+        if (btnClear) {
+            btnClear.addEventListener('click', () => {
+                inputElements.forEach(el => {
+                    // Do not clear select elements, as it can cause unexpected behavior.
+                    if (el.tagName.toLowerCase() !== 'select') {
+                        el.value = '';
+                    }
+                });
+                updateValues();
+                if (inputElements.length > 0) inputElements[0].focus();
+            });
+        }
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // Initialization
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        init();
+        updateVisibility();
+        updateValues();
+    };
+})();
diff --git a/assets/json/search.json b/assets/json/search.json
index bd40e22..efbfc23 100644
--- a/assets/json/search.json
+++ b/assets/json/search.json
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ permalink: /search.json
 {
   "config": {
     "learn": [
-      {%- for segment in site.data.learn.segments -%}
+      {%- assign learn_data = site.data.learn.learn -%}
+      {%- for segment in learn_data.segments -%}
         "{{ segment.url }}"{%- unless forloop.last -%},{%- endunless -%}
       {%- endfor -%}
     ],
     "tools": [
-      {%- for segment in site.data.tools.segments -%}
+      {%- assign tools_data = site.data.tools.tools -%}
+      {%- for segment in tools_data.segments -%}
         "{{ segment.url }}"{%- unless forloop.last -%},{%- endunless -%}
       {%- endfor -%}
     ]
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diff --git a/assets/teams/Flow.jpg b/assets/teams/Flow.jpg
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diff --git a/assets/teams/Forge.jpg b/assets/teams/Forge.jpg
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diff --git a/assets/teams/GoDarda.jpg b/assets/teams/GoDarda.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/assets/teams/Hue.jpg b/assets/teams/Hue.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/assets/teams/Orbit.jpg b/assets/teams/Orbit.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/loops/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/loops/index.html
index 7b81c1e..4cf815e 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/loops/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/loops/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/loops
+permalink: csharp/loops/
 title: C# Loops
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/methods/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/methods/index.html
index cb0b6a9..d906ecf 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/methods/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/methods/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/methods
+permalink: csharp/methods/
 title: C# Methods
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/multithreading/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/multithreading/index.html
index a0a23c4..6815890 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/multithreading/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/multithreading/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/multithreading
+permalink: csharp/multithreading/
 title: C# Multithreading
 ---
 
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/namespaces/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/namespaces/index.html
index f71519f..4276676 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/namespaces/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/namespaces/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/namespaces
+permalink: csharp/namespaces/
 title: C# Namespaces
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/polymorphism/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/polymorphism/index.html
index c6dad45..6970623 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/polymorphism/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/polymorphism/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/polymorphism
+permalink: csharp/polymorphism/
 title: C# Polymorphism
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/re/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/re/index.html
index 586a5e0..4d6599b 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/re/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/re/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/re
+permalink: csharp/re/
 title: C# Regular Expressions
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/reflection/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/reflection/index.html
index d7d2ffe..6de2870 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/reflection/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/reflection/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/reflection
+permalink: csharp/reflection/
 title: C# Reflection
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/csharp/strings/index.html b/pages/learn/csharp/strings/index.html
index ae5cf6c..1dfa8ae 100644
--- a/pages/learn/csharp/strings/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/csharp/strings/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: csharp/strings
+permalink: csharp/strings/
 title: C# Strings
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/ds/analysis/index.html b/pages/learn/ds/analysis/index.html
index 7c5a5a6..e688e18 100644
--- a/pages/learn/ds/analysis/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/ds/analysis/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: ds/analysis
+permalink: ds/analysis/
 title: Data Analysis
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/ds/index.html b/pages/learn/ds/index.html
index 350901d..ca55814 100644
--- a/pages/learn/ds/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/ds/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: ds
+permalink: ds/
 title: Data Science
 description: Embark on a Data Science journey, the interdisciplinary field that turns data into insights. Learn the essentials of statistics, machine learning, and data visualization.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/ds/visualization/gdleovy.html b/pages/learn/ds/visualization/gdleovy.html
index 478a064..ad3f245 100644
--- a/pages/learn/ds/visualization/gdleovy.html
+++ b/pages/learn/ds/visualization/gdleovy.html
@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runpy }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/ds/images/gdgmvzw.png">
+<img src="pages/ds/images/gdgmvzw.png">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/ds/visualization/index.html b/pages/learn/ds/visualization/index.html
index c1c4f1c..c76a83a 100644
--- a/pages/learn/ds/visualization/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/ds/visualization/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: ds/visualization
+permalink: ds/visualization/
 title: Data Visualization
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/applications/index.html b/pages/learn/dsa/applications/index.html
index 6ff76ef..861d5d4 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/applications/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/applications/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: dsa/applications
+permalink: dsa/applications/
 title: Applications of Data Structures
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/dsa/fundamentals/index.html
index 5a9dc2e..226c89f 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: dsa/fundamentals
+permalink: dsa/fundamentals/
 title: Data Structures Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/index.html b/pages/learn/dsa/index.html
index d2e7428..688a2ca 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: dsa
+permalink: dsa/
 title: Data Structures and Algorithms
 description: Unlock the core concepts of Data Structures and Algorithms, the backbone of efficient programming. Learn the essentials of arrays, linked lists, trees, and more. Master algorithms for searching, sorting, and optimization.
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/searching/index.html b/pages/learn/dsa/searching/index.html
index 8d7f6e3..c0c7c6c 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/searching/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/searching/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: dsa/searching
+permalink: dsa/searching/
 title: Searching Algorithms
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/sorting/index.html b/pages/learn/dsa/sorting/index.html
index b40a8da..23e28fb 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/sorting/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/sorting/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: dsa/sorting
+permalink: dsa/sorting/
 title: Sorting Algorithms
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/trees/gdbuzge.html b/pages/learn/dsa/trees/gdbuzge.html
index fcc2754..111b320 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/trees/gdbuzge.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/trees/gdbuzge.html
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 {%- endhighlight -%}</pre>
 <div class="card">{{ site.output }}</div>
 <span><pre>
-<img src="pages/learn/dsa/images/gddawss.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/dsa/images/gddawss.png" loading="lazy">
 
 {{ site.runcpp }}
 ———————————————————————————————————————————
diff --git a/pages/learn/dsa/trees/index.html b/pages/learn/dsa/trees/index.html
index 7c76237..699f38b 100644
--- a/pages/learn/dsa/trees/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/dsa/trees/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: dsa/trees
+permalink: dsa/trees/
 title: Shortest Path Algorithms
 ---
 
diff --git a/pages/learn/fsharp/controls/index.html b/pages/learn/fsharp/controls/index.html
index 39b35b2..08aa53e 100644
--- a/pages/learn/fsharp/controls/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/fsharp/controls/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: fsharp/controls
+permalink: fsharp/controls/
 title: F# Control Statements
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/fsharp/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/fsharp/fundamentals/index.html
index 2586158..710f37c 100644
--- a/pages/learn/fsharp/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/fsharp/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: fsharp/fundamentals
+permalink: fsharp/fundamentals/
 title: F# Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/fsharp/index.html b/pages/learn/fsharp/index.html
index 34f2408..6054a47 100644
--- a/pages/learn/fsharp/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/fsharp/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: fsharp
+permalink: fsharp/
 title: F# Programming
 description: Explore F# programming, a functional-first language for .NET. Learn the essentials of functional programming, type inference, and powerful data manipulation.
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/index.html b/pages/learn/index.html
index 75517dc..a425984 100644
--- a/pages/learn/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/index.html
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 ---
-permalink: learn
+permalink: learn/
 title: Programming and Tutorials
 description: "Welcome to GoDarda, your ultimate destination for programming. Our mission is to inspire learners by providing a comprehensive and pragmatic approach to programming and making them realize their unfathomable potential."
 ---
 
 {%- include search.html -%}
 <div class="row">
-    {%- for segment in site.data.learn.segments -%}
+    {%- assign learn_data = site.data.learn.learn -%}
+    {%- for segment in learn_data.segments -%}
     <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-3 col-xxl-3">
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diff --git a/pages/learn/java/abstraction/index.html b/pages/learn/java/abstraction/index.html
index 6724cf5..97dd552 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/abstraction/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/abstraction/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/abstraction
+permalink: java/abstraction/
 title: Java Abstraction
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/arrays/index.html b/pages/learn/java/arrays/index.html
index a0570dc..9d8915a 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/arrays/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/arrays/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
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+permalink: java/arrays/
 title: Java Arrays
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdamhed.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdamhed.html
index d045f7c..9c922ec 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdamhed.html
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@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdylzyf.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdylzyf.png" loading="lazy">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdixzwy.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdixzwy.html
index 7cd3279..0495400 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdixzwy.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdixzwy.html
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdieelg.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdieelg.png" loading="lazy">
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdpgzzw.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdpgzzw.html
index 6049869..8e69676 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdpgzzw.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdpgzzw.html
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdnwxdq.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdnwxdq.png" loading="lazy">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdqoivp.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdqoivp.html
index a86152c..a332529 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdqoivp.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdqoivp.html
@@ -31,5 +31,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdkwlzw.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdkwlzw.png" loading="lazy">
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdyvqli.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdyvqli.html
index 231ca6a..b12f47b 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdyvqli.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdyvqli.html
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdyqata.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdyqata.png" loading="lazy">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzwhgg.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzwhgg.html
index 206029e..2197585 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzwhgg.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzwhgg.html
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdzdxod.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdzdxod.png" loading="lazy">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzyehx.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzyehx.html
index 510a8ab..e1c7735 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzyehx.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/gdzyehx.html
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@
 <span><pre>
 {{ site.runjava }}
 
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdekyzv.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdekyzv.png" loading="lazy">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/awt/index.html b/pages/learn/java/awt/index.html
index 4457c42..c6c0227 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/awt/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/awt/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/awt
+permalink: java/awt/
 title: Java AWT and Swing Graphics
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/classes/index.html b/pages/learn/java/classes/index.html
index e5ab1ab..d9b9321 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/classes/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/classes/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/classes
+permalink: java/classes/
 title: Java Classes
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/collections/index.html b/pages/learn/java/collections/index.html
index 1a6e99c..190d292 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/collections/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/collections/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/collections
+permalink: java/collections/
 title: Java Collections
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/controls/index.html b/pages/learn/java/controls/index.html
index bddb199..7025148 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/controls/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/controls/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/controls
+permalink: java/controls/
 title: Java Control Statements
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/exceptions/index.html b/pages/learn/java/exceptions/index.html
index 58f398f..d12cf28 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/exceptions/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/exceptions/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/exceptions
+permalink: java/exceptions/
 title: Java Exception Handling
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/java/fundamentals/index.html
index e3f280d..a08181f 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/fundamentals
+permalink: java/fundamentals/
 title: Java Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/index.html b/pages/learn/java/index.html
index aba4e9d..92fafb4 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: java
+permalink: java/
 title: Java Programming
 description: Explore Java programming, a versatile and widely used language for building robust applications. Learn the essentials of object-oriented programming, platform independence, and efficient coding practices. 
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/inheritance/index.html b/pages/learn/java/inheritance/index.html
index 95ab719..885888c 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/inheritance/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/inheritance/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/inheritance
+permalink: java/inheritance/
 title: Java Inheritance
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/jdbc/gdbylyk.html b/pages/learn/java/jdbc/gdbylyk.html
index b1921d8..7f29e2d 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/jdbc/gdbylyk.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/jdbc/gdbylyk.html
@@ -514,6 +514,6 @@
 
 <div class="card">{{ site.output }}</div>
 <span><pre>
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdloeob.png" loading="lazy"><br>
-<img src="pages/learn/java/images/gdzpwav.png" loading="lazy">
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdloeob.png" loading="lazy"><br>
+<img src="pages/java/images/gdzpwav.png" loading="lazy">
 </pre></span>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/jdbc/index.html b/pages/learn/java/jdbc/index.html
index 5735fe4..01d7e9c 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/jdbc/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/jdbc/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/jdbc
+permalink: java/jdbc/
 title: Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/loops/index.html b/pages/learn/java/loops/index.html
index 84676e2..71387db 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/loops/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/loops/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/loops
+permalink: java/loops/
 title: Java Loops
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/methods/index.html b/pages/learn/java/methods/index.html
index 4241ea4..cc92744 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/methods/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/methods/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/methods
+permalink: java/methods/
 title: Java Methods
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/multithreading/index.html b/pages/learn/java/multithreading/index.html
index eeb11ab..db01458 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/multithreading/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/multithreading/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/multithreading
+permalink: java/multithreading/
 title: Java Multithreading
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/polymorphism/index.html b/pages/learn/java/polymorphism/index.html
index 9c4d6fc..3d7f40e 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/polymorphism/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/polymorphism/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/polymorphism
+permalink: java/polymorphism/
 title: Java Polymorphism
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/re/index.html b/pages/learn/java/re/index.html
index 2bddfee..7835923 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/re/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/re/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/re
+permalink: java/re/
 title: Java Regular Expressions
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/java/strings/index.html b/pages/learn/java/strings/index.html
index 11c1768..11ad0d4 100644
--- a/pages/learn/java/strings/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/java/strings/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: java/strings
+permalink: java/strings/
 title: Java Strings
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/julia/cli/index.html b/pages/learn/julia/cli/index.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 529265e..0000000
--- a/pages/learn/julia/cli/index.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
----
-permalink: julia/cli
-title: Julia Command Line Interface
----
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/julia/cli/gdadvew.html b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdadvew.html
similarity index 95%
rename from pages/learn/julia/cli/gdadvew.html
rename to pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdadvew.html
index 2064273..e189723 100644
--- a/pages/learn/julia/cli/gdadvew.html
+++ b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdadvew.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: julia/cli/gdadvew
+permalink: julia/fundamentals/gdadvew
 title: Julia Exponents and Logarithms
 ---
 
diff --git a/pages/learn/julia/cli/gdavgeq.html b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdavgeq.html
similarity index 96%
rename from pages/learn/julia/cli/gdavgeq.html
rename to pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdavgeq.html
index 8279bca..2c084a8 100644
--- a/pages/learn/julia/cli/gdavgeq.html
+++ b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdavgeq.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: julia/cli/gdavgeq
+permalink: julia/fundamentals/gdavgeq
 title: Julia Logical Operations
 ---
 
diff --git a/pages/learn/julia/cli/gdxkekw.html b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdxkekw.html
similarity index 98%
rename from pages/learn/julia/cli/gdxkekw.html
rename to pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdxkekw.html
index 8c773fa..5b58a9f 100644
--- a/pages/learn/julia/cli/gdxkekw.html
+++ b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/gdxkekw.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: julia/cli/gdxkekw
+permalink: julia/fundamentals/gdxkekw
 title: Julia Arithmetic Operations
 ---
 
diff --git a/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab345e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/learn/julia/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+permalink: julia/fundamentals/
+title: Julia Fundamentals
+---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/julia/index.html b/pages/learn/julia/index.html
index 56bc3c2..1a62b8a 100644
--- a/pages/learn/julia/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/julia/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: julia
+permalink: julia/
 title: Julia Programming
 description: Explore Julia programming, a high-performance language for technical computing. Learn the essentials of numerical analysis, data manipulation, and parallel computing.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/linux/bash/index.html b/pages/learn/linux/bash/index.html
index 09e2f7a..2639682 100644
--- a/pages/learn/linux/bash/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/linux/bash/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: linux/bash
+permalink: linux/bash/
 title: Bash Shell Scripting 
 ---
 
diff --git a/pages/learn/linux/commands/index.html b/pages/learn/linux/commands/index.html
index 3509740..47d60cd 100644
--- a/pages/learn/linux/commands/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/linux/commands/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: linux/commands
+permalink: linux/commands/
 title: Linux Commands
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/linux/index.html b/pages/learn/linux/index.html
index 27520bf..7e0da52 100644
--- a/pages/learn/linux/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/linux/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: linux
+permalink: linux/
 title: Linux Commands and Scripting
 description: Unleash the power of Linux with essential commands and Bash scripting. Learn the basics of file management, system operations, and automation through scripts. Mastering Linux commands and Bash scripting will enhance your productivity and control.
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/lisp/controls/index.html b/pages/learn/lisp/controls/index.html
index f831f4c..6879ac0 100644
--- a/pages/learn/lisp/controls/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/lisp/controls/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: lisp/controls
+permalink: lisp/controls/
 title: LISP Control Statements
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/lisp/functions/index.html b/pages/learn/lisp/functions/index.html
index eac7c03..4ed30e3 100644
--- a/pages/learn/lisp/functions/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/lisp/functions/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: lisp/functions
+permalink: lisp/functions/
 title: LISP Functions
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/lisp/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/lisp/fundamentals/index.html
index 6e710bc..682a4e9 100644
--- a/pages/learn/lisp/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/lisp/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: lisp/fundamentals
+permalink: lisp/fundamentals/
 title: LISP Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/lisp/index.html b/pages/learn/lisp/index.html
index 9594a3d..d737d7e 100644
--- a/pages/learn/lisp/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/lisp/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: lisp
+permalink: lisp/
 title: LISP Programming
 description: Delve into LISP programming, a pioneering language known for its unique syntax and powerful features. Learn the fundamentals of symbolic computation, recursion, and functional programming.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/lisp/loops/index.html b/pages/learn/lisp/loops/index.html
index 5e622df..f2feba0 100644
--- a/pages/learn/lisp/loops/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/lisp/loops/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: lisp/loops
+permalink: lisp/loops/
 title: LISP Loops
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/lisp/strings/index.html b/pages/learn/lisp/strings/index.html
index ed8d37b..9b6f24b 100644
--- a/pages/learn/lisp/strings/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/lisp/strings/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: lisp/strings
+permalink: lisp/strings/
 title: LISP Strings
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/mongodb/crud/index.html b/pages/learn/mongodb/crud/index.html
index 6a71344..d9cb8f9 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mongodb/crud/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mongodb/crud/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: mongodb/crud
+permalink: mongodb/crud/
 title: MongoDB CRUD Operations
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/mongodb/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/mongodb/fundamentals/index.html
index 6b7db4f..f6f1146 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mongodb/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mongodb/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: mongodb/fundamentals
+permalink: mongodb/fundamentals/
 title: MongoDB Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/mongodb/index.html b/pages/learn/mongodb/index.html
index 17fc410..d4cb6d2 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mongodb/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mongodb/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: mongodb
+permalink: mongodb/
 title: MongoDB (NoSQL Database)
 description: Explore MongoDB, a leading NoSQL database designed for modern applications. Learn the essentials of document-based storage, flexible schemas, and scalability.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/mysql/ddl/index.html b/pages/learn/mysql/ddl/index.html
index f2484c5..429dee2 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mysql/ddl/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mysql/ddl/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: mysql/ddl
+permalink: mysql/ddl/
 title: MySQL Data Definition
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/mysql/dml/index.html b/pages/learn/mysql/dml/index.html
index 226cca5..02c073e 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mysql/dml/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mysql/dml/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: mysql/dml
+permalink: mysql/dml/
 title: MySQL Data Manipulation
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/mysql/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/mysql/fundamentals/index.html
index a52207c..97772b2 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mysql/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mysql/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: mysql/fundamentals
+permalink: mysql/fundamentals/
 title: MySQL Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/mysql/index.html b/pages/learn/mysql/index.html
index eb2d193..4da3cef 100644
--- a/pages/learn/mysql/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/mysql/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: mysql
+permalink: mysql/
 title: MySQL (Relational Database)
 description: Discover MySQL, the world's most popular open-source database. Learn the essentials of database management, query optimization, and secure data storage.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/octave/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/octave/fundamentals/index.html
index 01e2b36..1b2ef70 100644
--- a/pages/learn/octave/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/octave/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: octave/fundamentals
+permalink: octave/fundamentals/
 title: Octave Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/octave/index.html b/pages/learn/octave/index.html
index 3bd69cf..c93376d 100644
--- a/pages/learn/octave/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/octave/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: octave
+permalink: octave/
 title: GNU Octave
 description: Discover GNU Octave, an open-source programming language primarily intended for numerical computations. Learn the essentials of matrix operations, data visualization, and algorithm development.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/octave/strings/index.html b/pages/learn/octave/strings/index.html
index db53cc0..9cdb7e0 100644
--- a/pages/learn/octave/strings/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/octave/strings/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: octave/strings
+permalink: octave/strings/
 title: Octave Strings
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/arrays/index.html b/pages/learn/python/arrays/index.html
index 8fc7359..8000a64 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/arrays/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/arrays/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/arrays
+permalink: python/arrays/
 title: Python Arrays
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/controls/index.html b/pages/learn/python/controls/index.html
index b0a557c..899dc47 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/controls/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/controls/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/controls
+permalink: python/controls/
 title: Python Control Statements
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/dbc/index.html b/pages/learn/python/dbc/index.html
index c05507f..8012d65 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/dbc/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/dbc/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/dbc
+permalink: python/dbc/
 title: Python Database Connectivity
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/ds/index.html b/pages/learn/python/ds/index.html
index 620c8bc..ca913d4 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/ds/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/ds/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/ds
+permalink: python/ds/
 title: Python Data Structures
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/fileio/index.html b/pages/learn/python/fileio/index.html
index 78148fb..a33e885 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/fileio/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/fileio/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/fileio
+permalink: python/fileio/
 title: Python File Handling
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/python/fundamentals/index.html
index 9d9ed21..d1ba236 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/fundamentals
+permalink: python/fundamentals/
 title: Python Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/index.html b/pages/learn/python/index.html
index eca12cb..1a866a1 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: python
+permalink: python/
 title: Python Programming
 description: Learn Python, a powerful and versatile programming language, ideal for beginners and professionals. Dive into Python's simplicity and readability, and explore its wide range of applications.
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/loops/index.html b/pages/learn/python/loops/index.html
index 50520ff..59baa90 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/loops/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/loops/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/loops
+permalink: python/loops/
 title: Python Loops
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/networking/index.html b/pages/learn/python/networking/index.html
index cee2d28..7011679 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/networking/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/networking/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/networking
+permalink: python/networking/
 title: Python Networking
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/python/strings/index.html b/pages/learn/python/strings/index.html
index ff77893..15baedd 100644
--- a/pages/learn/python/strings/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/python/strings/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: python/strings
+permalink: python/strings/
 title: Python Strings
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/r/cli/index.html b/pages/learn/r/cli/index.html
index 12a89f1..914bd63 100644
--- a/pages/learn/r/cli/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/r/cli/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: r/cli
+permalink: r/cli/
 title: R Command Line Interface (CLI)
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/r/index.html b/pages/learn/r/index.html
index 5dbd5d2..521419b 100644
--- a/pages/learn/r/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/r/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: r
+permalink: r/
 title: R Programming
 description: Dive into R programming, the go-to language for statistical computing and data analysis. Learn the essentials of data manipulation, visualization, and statistical modeling.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/rust/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/rust/fundamentals/index.html
index 2bbda41..3e642fc 100644
--- a/pages/learn/rust/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/rust/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: rust/fundamentals
+permalink: rust/fundamentals/
 title: Rust Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/rust/index.html b/pages/learn/rust/index.html
index 8c25e9f..b32ff4a 100644
--- a/pages/learn/rust/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/rust/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: rust
+permalink: rust/
 title: Rust Programming
 description: Embark on your Rust programming journey, a language designed for performance and safety. Learn the fundamentals of memory management, concurrency, and modern programming practices.
 ---
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/classes/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/classes/index.html
index 68d17bd..2863fee 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/classes/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/classes/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/classes
+permalink: selenium/classes/
 title: Classes in Selenium
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/ddf/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/ddf/index.html
index 2d65b49..332e89f 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/ddf/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/ddf/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/ddf
+permalink: selenium/ddf/
 title: Selenium Data Driven Framework
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/fundamentals/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/fundamentals/index.html
index 3f121d6..c203db7 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/fundamentals/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/fundamentals/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/fundamentals
+permalink: selenium/fundamentals/
 title: Selenium Fundamentals
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/index.html
index 8ef24d0..46e9213 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium
+permalink: selenium/
 title: Selenium WebDriver
 description: Master Selenium with Java, the ultimate combination for automating web applications. Learn the essentials of WebDriver, browser automation, and robust test scripts.
 ---
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
     <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.gdhzszi }}" target="_blank">Download WebDriver for Chrome</a>
     <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.gdyggqz }}" target="_blank">Download WebDriver for Firefox</a>
     <a class="card" href="{{ site.data.url.gdwavvb }}" target="_blank">Download WebDriver for Microsoft Edge</a>
-    <a class="card" href="testapp/">Check GoDarda's TestApp is up and running</a>
+    <a class="card" href="testapp">Check GoDarda's TestApp is up and running</a>
 </div>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/interfaces/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/interfaces/index.html
index 296f08b..c9d8b05 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/interfaces/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/interfaces/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/interfaces
+permalink: selenium/interfaces/
 title: Interfaces in Selenium
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/locators/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/locators/index.html
index c922e27..3c2f701 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/locators/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/locators/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/locators
+permalink: selenium/locators/
 title: Selenium Locators
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/pom/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/pom/index.html
index 51f6297..94955cf 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/pom/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/pom/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/pom
+permalink: selenium/pom/
 title: Selenium Page Object Model
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/testapp/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/testapp/index.html
index 5cecb8d..19c2c4c 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/testapp/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/testapp/index.html
@@ -1,51 +1,46 @@
 ---
 title: GoDarda's TestApp
-permalink: testapp
+permalink: testapp/
 ---
 
-<div class="d-flex flex-column min-vh-100">
-    <div class="d-flex flex-grow-1 justify-content-center align-items-center">
-        <div class="mx-auto w-100" style="max-width:520px;">
-            <div class="box card-header d-flex justify-content-center">
-                <h5>GoDarda Login</h5>
+<div class="mx-auto w-100" style="max-width:520px; padding-top: 25vh;">
+    <div class="box card-header d-flex justify-content-center">
+        <h5>GoDarda Login</h5>
+    </div>
+    <form name="gdlogin" action="shubhamrdarda">
+        <div class="box card-body">
+            <div class="mb-3">
+                <input id="username" name="username" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username"
+                    autocomplete="off" maxlength="15" minlength="3" required>
+            </div>
+            <div class="mb-3">
+                <input id="password" name="password" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password"
+                    autocomplete="off" maxlength="15" minlength="3" required>
             </div>
-            <form name="gdlogin" action="shubhamrdarda">
-                <div class="box card-body">
-                    <div class="mb-3">
-                        <input id="username" name="username" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username"
-                            autocomplete="off" maxlength="15" minlength="3" required>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="mb-3">
-                        <input id="password" name="password" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password"
-                            autocomplete="off" maxlength="15" minlength="3" required>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="row">
-                        <div class="col-6">
-                            <select class="form-select" name="country" title="Country">
-                                <option value="1" selected>India</option>
-                                <option value="2">United States</option>
-                                <option value="3">United Kingdom</option>
-                                <option value="canada">Canada</option>
-                                <option value="germany">Germany</option>
-                                <option value="other">Other</option>
-                            </select>
-                        </div>
-                        <div class="col-6">
-                            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="usertype" id="local"
-                                title="User Type: Local" checked><label class="form-check-label"
-                                for="local">Local</label>
-                            <span style="padding-right: 10px;"></span>
-                            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="usertype" id="admin"
-                                title="User Type: Admin"><label class="form-check-label" for="admin">Admin</label>
-                        </div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div style="padding-top: 10px;"><u>Credentials:</u> godarda</div>
+            <div class="row">
+                <div class="col-6">
+                    <select class="form-select" name="country" title="Country">
+                        <option value="1" selected>India</option>
+                        <option value="2">United States</option>
+                        <option value="3">United Kingdom</option>
+                        <option value="canada">Canada</option>
+                        <option value="germany">Germany</option>
+                        <option value="other">Other</option>
+                    </select>
                 </div>
-                <div class="box card-footer d-flex justify-content-center">
-                    <button id="reset" name="reset" class="btn" type="reset" style="margin-right: 10px;">Reset</button>
-                    <button id="login" name="login" class="btn" type="submit">Login</button>
+                <div class="col-6">
+                    <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="usertype" id="local"
+                        title="User Type: Local" checked><label class="form-check-label" for="local">Local</label>
+                    <span style="padding-right: 10px;"></span>
+                    <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="usertype" id="admin"
+                        title="User Type: Admin"><label class="form-check-label" for="admin">Admin</label>
                 </div>
-            </form>
+            </div>
+            <div style="padding-top: 10px;"><u>Credentials:</u> godarda</div>
         </div>
-    </div>
+        <div class="box card-footer d-flex justify-content-center">
+            <button id="reset" name="reset" class="btn" type="reset" style="margin-right: 10px;">Reset</button>
+            <button id="login" name="login" class="btn" type="submit">Login</button>
+        </div>
+    </form>
 </div>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/testng/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/testng/index.html
index 21b9ae7..43a74e7 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/testng/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/testng/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/testng
+permalink: selenium/testng/
 title: Selenium TestNG
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/learn/selenium/xpath/index.html b/pages/learn/selenium/xpath/index.html
index 142336a..f0ae72f 100644
--- a/pages/learn/selenium/xpath/index.html
+++ b/pages/learn/selenium/xpath/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: selenium/xpath
+permalink: selenium/xpath/
 title: Selenium XPath
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdadocu.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdadocu.html
index 1fc2a6f..41506db 100644
--- a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdadocu.html
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdadocu.html
@@ -4,77 +4,36 @@
 description: "Instantly count alphabets, numbers, spaces, and special characters in your text. A simple and fast character analysis tool."
 ---
 
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/css/tools.css">
-
-<div class="calc-panel">
-    <div class="row g-4">
-        <div class="col-12">
-            <div class="row row-cols-2 row-cols-sm-4 g-2 mb-3">
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Alphabets</div>
-                        <div id="alphabetCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Numbers</div>
-                        <div id="numberCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Spaces</div>
-                        <div id="spaceCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Special</div>
-                        <div id="specialCharCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-            <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="Type or paste text here..."
-                aria-label="Text to analyze"></textarea>
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="mb-0">
+    <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="Type or paste text here..." aria-label="Text to analyze" rows="3"></textarea>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
 
-            <div class="mt-2 muted small">Tip: results update as you type. Use <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to trim whitespace.
-            </div>
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p><strong>How to use:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input:</strong> Type or paste text into the box.</li>
+    <li><strong>Analysis:</strong> The tool counts alphabets, numbers, spaces, and special characters.</li>
+    <li><strong>Trim:</strong> Use the Trim button or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to remove leading/trailing whitespace.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
 
-            <div class="row g-2 mt-2">
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnClear" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Clear</button>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary">Trim</button>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-</div>
+{% include tools.html %}
 
 <script>
-    (function () {
-        // --- DOM Element Selection ---
-        // Get references to all necessary UI elements from the document.
-        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
-        const alphabetCount = document.getElementById('alphabetCount');
-        const numberCount = document.getElementById('numberCount');
-        const spaceCount = document.getElementById('spaceCount');
-        const specialCharCount = document.getElementById('specialCharCount');
-        const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
-        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
-
-        /**
-         * Analyzes the input text and returns a count of different character types.
-         * @param {string} text The text to analyze.
-         * @returns {object} An object containing the counts.
-         * @property {number} alphabets - The count of alphabetic characters.
-         * @property {number} numbers - The count of numeric characters.
-         * @property {number} spaces - The count of whitespace characters.
-         * @property {number} special - The count of special characters.
-         */
-        function computeCounts(text) {
+(function () {
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputText'],
+        stats: {
+            alphabets: { name: 'Alphabets', default: true },
+            numbers:   { name: 'Numbers',   default: true },
+            spaces:    { name: 'Spaces',    default: false },
+            special:   { name: 'Special',   default: false }
+        },
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const text = values.inputText || '';
+            if (text.length === 0) return {};
             let alphabets = 0, numbers = 0, spaces = 0, special = 0;
             for (const char of text) {
                 if (/[a-zA-Z]/.test(char)) alphabets++;
@@ -84,41 +43,31 @@
             }
             return { alphabets, numbers, spaces, special };
         }
+    });
 
-        /**
-         * Reads the input, computes the character counts, and updates the UI.
-         */
-        function update() {
-            const text = input.value || '';
-            const { alphabets, numbers, spaces, special } = computeCounts(text);
-
-            // Update the text content of the result elements.
-            alphabetCount.textContent = alphabets;
-            numberCount.textContent = numbers;
-            spaceCount.textContent = spaces;
-            specialCharCount.textContent = special;
-        }
-
-        // --- Event Listeners ---
-        // Debounce the update function to improve performance while typing.
-        let tId = null;
-        input.addEventListener('input', () => {
-            clearTimeout(tId);
-            tId = setTimeout(update, 120);
-        });
+    // Inject Trim Button and Logic
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const col = document.createElement('div');
+        col.className = 'col-auto';
+        col.innerHTML = '<button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Trim</button>';
+        btnClear.parentNode.after(col);
 
-        // Clears the input field and recalculates the counts.
-        btnClear.addEventListener('click', () => { input.value = ''; update(); input.focus(); });
+        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
+        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
 
-        // Trims leading/trailing whitespace from the input and recalculates.
-        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', () => { input.value = input.value.trim(); update(); });
+        const doTrim = () => {
+            input.value = input.value.trim();
+            input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+        };
 
-        // Adds a Ctrl+Enter keyboard shortcut to trigger the trim functionality.
+        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', doTrim);
         input.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
-            if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'Enter') { e.preventDefault(); btnTrim.click(); }
+            if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'Enter') {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                doTrim();
+            }
         });
-
-        // Perform an initial update on page load to set the default '0' values.
-        update();
-    })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+    }
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gddeqcn.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gddeqcn.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16a0f16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gddeqcn.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+permalink: calculators/common/gddeqcn
+title: Number Calculator
+description: "Calculate the sum of digits in a number. A simple and fast tool for digit sum analysis."
+---
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="mb-0">
+    <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="Type or paste number here..." aria-label="Number to analyze" rows="3"></textarea>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p><strong>How to use:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input:</strong> Type or paste a number (or text containing digits) into the box.</li>
+    <li><strong>Analysis:</strong> The tool extracts all digits and calculates their sum and average.</li>
+    <li><strong>Trim:</strong> Use the Trim button or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to remove leading/trailing whitespace.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>Example:</strong> For 10 digits like <code>1234567890</code>:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Sum:</strong> 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+0 = 45</li>
+    <li><strong>Average:</strong> 45 / 10 = 4.5</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function () {
+    const stats = {
+        sum:     { name: 'Sum',     default: true },
+        average: { name: 'Average', default: true }
+    };
+
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputText'],
+        stats: stats,
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const text = values.inputText || '';
+            const digits = text.match(/\d/g);
+
+            if (!digits || digits.length === 0) return {};
+
+            let sum = 0;
+            for (const d of digits) {
+                sum += parseInt(d, 10);
+            }
+
+            const count = digits.length;
+            const avg = sum / count;
+            const average = Number.isInteger(avg) ? avg.toString() : avg.toFixed(2);
+
+            return { sum, average };
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Inject Trim Button and Logic
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const col = document.createElement('div');
+        col.className = 'col-auto';
+        col.innerHTML = '<button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Trim</button>';
+        btnClear.parentNode.after(col);
+
+        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
+        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
+
+        const doTrim = () => {
+            input.value = input.value.trim();
+            input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+        };
+
+        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', doTrim);
+        input.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+            if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'Enter') {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                doTrim();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Hide Select Tiles dropdown
+    const viewOptionsBtn = document.getElementById('viewOptionsBtn');
+    if (viewOptionsBtn) {
+        viewOptionsBtn.closest('.col-auto').style.display = 'none';
+    }
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdldvld.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdldvld.html
index 78f54e9..265bb12 100644
--- a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdldvld.html
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdldvld.html
@@ -4,154 +4,100 @@
 description: "Evaluate mathematical expressions instantly. Supports basic arithmetic, parentheses, and common functions."
 ---
 
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/css/tools.css">
-
-<div class="calc-panel">
-    <div class="row g-4">
-        <div class="col-12">
-            <div class="row row-cols-1 g-2 mb-3">
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Result</div>
-                        <div id="expressionResult" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-            <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="e.g., (3 + 4) * 2 - 9 // 2 + 2**3"
-                aria-label="Expression to evaluate"></textarea>
- 
-            <div class="mt-2 muted small">Tip: results update as you type. Use <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to trim whitespace.
-            </div>
-
-            <div class="row g-2 mt-2">
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnClear" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Clear</button>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary">Trim</button>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-
-        </div>
-    </div>
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="mb-0">
+    <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="e.g., (3 + 4) * 2 - 9 // 2 + 2**3" aria-label="Expression to evaluate" rows="3"></textarea>
 </div>
+{% endcapture %}
 
-<script>
-    // Self-executing anonymous function to encapsulate the calculator's client-side logic.
-    // This pattern helps prevent global scope pollution.
-    (function () {
-        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
-        const expressionResult = document.getElementById('expressionResult');
-        const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
-        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p><strong>How to use:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input:</strong> Type a mathematical expression (e.g., <code>2 + 2</code>).</li>
+    <li><strong>Operators:</strong> Supports <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>/</code>, <code>//</code> (floor division), <code>%</code>, <code>**</code> (power).</li>
+    <li><strong>Trim:</strong> Use the Trim button or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to remove whitespace.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
 
-        /**
-         * Implements Python-style floor division (`//`) for two numbers.
-         * If either operand is a float, the result will also be a float (e.g., 9.0 // 2 = 4.0).
-         * Otherwise, it returns an integer.
-         * @param {string|number} a - The dividend.
-         * @param {string|number} b - The divisor.
-         * @returns {number} The result of the floor division.
-         */
-        // Custom floor division to mimic Python's behavior (e.g., 9.0 // 2 = 4.0)
-        function pyFloorDiv(a, b) {
-            const numA = parseFloat(a);
-            const numB = parseFloat(b);
-            const result = Math.floor(numA / numB);
+{% include tools.html %}
 
-            // If either operand is a float (i.e., not an integer), return a float result.
-            if (String(a).includes('.') || String(b).includes('.')) {
-                return result.toFixed(1);
-            }
-            return result;
+<script>
+(function () {
+    // Custom floor division to mimic Python's behavior (e.g., 9.0 // 2 = 4.0)
+    function pyFloorDiv(a, b) {
+        const numA = parseFloat(a);
+        const numB = parseFloat(b);
+        const result = Math.floor(numA / numB);
+        if (String(a).includes('.') || String(b).includes('.')) {
+            return result.toFixed(1);
         }
+        return result;
+    }
 
-        /**
-         * Safely evaluates a mathematical expression string.
-         * It sanitizes the input to prevent arbitrary code execution,
-         * replaces Python-style floor division (`//`) with a custom function,
-         * and converts user-friendly multiplication symbols (`x`, `X`) to standard `*`.
-         * The evaluation is performed using the `Function` constructor, which is safer than `eval()`
-         * when the input source is controlled and external scope access is limited.
-         * @param {string} expression - The mathematical expression to evaluate.
-         * @returns {number} The numerical result of the expression.
-         * @throws {Error} If the expression contains invalid characters or repeated operators.
-         */
-        function safeEval(expression) {
-            // Sanitize the expression: only allow digits, basic arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /),
-            // parentheses, decimal point, modulo (%), and user-friendly multiplication (x, X).
-            // Exponentiation (**) is implicitly allowed as '*' is permitted.
-            const sanitized = expression.replace(/[^-()\d/*+.\% xX^]/g, '');
-
-            if (sanitized !== expression) {
-                // Basic security check: if sanitization changed the string, it contained disallowed characters.
-                throw new Error('Invalid characters in expression.');
-            }
-            const invalidRepeatRegex = /\/{3,}|(?<!\*)\*{3,}|[+%xX]{2,}/;
-
-            if (invalidRepeatRegex.test(sanitized)) {
-                throw new Error('Invalid expression: repeated operators.');
-            }
- 
-            // Replace Python-style floor division (//) with a Math.floor() operation.
-            // It captures the operands around `//` and passes them as strings to `pyFloorDiv`.
-            let jsExpression = sanitized.replace(/(-?\(.+?\)|-?[\d.]+)\s*\/\/\s*(-?\(.+?\)|-?[\d.]+)/g, "pyFloorDiv('$1', '$2')");
-
-            // Replace '^' with '**' for exponentiation.
-            jsExpression = jsExpression.replace(/\^/g, '**');
+    function safeEval(expression) {
+        const sanitized = expression.replace(/[^-()\d/*+.\% xX^]/g, '');
+        if (sanitized !== expression) {
+            throw new Error('Invalid characters in expression.');
+        }
+        const invalidRepeatRegex = /\/{3,}|(?<!\*)\*{3,}|[+%xX]{2,}/;
+        if (invalidRepeatRegex.test(sanitized)) {
+            throw new Error('Invalid expression: repeated operators.');
+        }
+        let jsExpression = sanitized.replace(/(-?\(.+?\)|-?[\d.]+)\s*\/\/\s*(-?\(.+?\)|-?[\d.]+)/g, "pyFloorDiv('$1', '$2')");
+        jsExpression = jsExpression.replace(/\^/g, '**');
+        jsExpression = jsExpression.replace(/[xX]/g, '*');
+        const result = new Function('pyFloorDiv', 'return ' + jsExpression)(pyFloorDiv);
+        return Number(result.toFixed(12));
+    }
 
-            // Replace user-friendly multiplication (x, X) with standard (*).
-            jsExpression = jsExpression.replace(/[xX]/g, '*');
- 
-            // Use the Function constructor to evaluate the expression.
-            // This creates a new function from the expression string. By passing `pyFloorDiv`
-            // as an argument, we explicitly control the available scope, making it safer than `eval()`.
-            // This prevents the expression from accessing or manipulating the global scope directly.
-            // For highly complex or untrusted inputs, a dedicated expression parsing library would be more robust.
-            const result = new Function('pyFloorDiv', 'return ' + jsExpression)(pyFloorDiv);
+    const stats = {
+        result: { name: 'Result', default: true }
+    };
 
-            // Round the result to a maximum of 12 decimal places to correct for floating-point inaccuracies.
-            // Using Number() and toFixed() avoids trailing zeros.
-            // e.g., (6 - 4.7) becomes 1.3 instead of 1.2999999999999998
-            return Number(result.toFixed(12));
-        }
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputText'],
+        stats: stats,
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const text = values.inputText.trim();
+            const resEl = stats.result.valElement;
 
-        function update() {
-            const text = input.value.trim();
-            expressionResult.classList.remove('text-danger');
+            if (resEl) resEl.classList.remove('text-danger');
 
-            if (text === '') {
-                expressionResult.textContent = '0';
-                return;
-            }
+            if (text === '') return { result: '-' };
 
             try {
-                const result = safeEval(text);
-                expressionResult.textContent = result;
+                const res = safeEval(text);
+                return { result: res };
             } catch (e) {
-                expressionResult.textContent = 'Invalid expression';
-                expressionResult.classList.add('text-danger');
+                if (resEl) resEl.classList.add('text-danger');
+                return { result: 'Invalid expression' };
             }
         }
+    });
 
-        let tId = null;
-        input.addEventListener('input', () => {
-            clearTimeout(tId);
-            tId = setTimeout(update, 200);
-        });
+    // Inject Trim Button and Logic
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const col = document.createElement('div');
+        col.className = 'col-auto';
+        col.innerHTML = '<button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Trim</button>';
+        btnClear.parentNode.after(col);
 
-        btnClear.addEventListener('click', () => { input.value = ''; update(); input.focus(); });
+        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
+        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
 
-        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        const doTrim = () => {
             input.value = input.value.trim();
-            update();
-        });
+            input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+        };
 
+        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', doTrim);
         input.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
-            if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'Enter') { e.preventDefault(); btnTrim.click(); }
+            if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'Enter') {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                doTrim();
+            }
         });
-
-        // Perform an initial update on page load to set the default '0' values.
-        update();
-    })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+    }
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdpklzu.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdpklzu.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b380667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdpklzu.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+---
+permalink: calculators/common/gdpklzu
+title: BMI Calculator
+description: "Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) for adult humans using height and weight inputs."
+---
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="row g-3">
+    <div class="col-12">
+        <div class="muted small">Note: Designed for adults (20+). Minimums: 20 kg and 100 cm.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-6">
+        <input type="number" id="weightInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Weight (kg) *" step="0.1">
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-6">
+        <input type="number" id="heightInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Height (cm) *" step="0.1">
+    </div>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p><strong>How to use:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Weight:</strong> Enter your weight in kilograms (kg).</li>
+    <li><strong>Height:</strong> Enter your height in centimeters (cm).</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>Features:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li>Calculates Body Mass Index (BMI).</li>
+    <li>Determines weight category (Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese).</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function () {
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['weightInput', 'heightInput'],
+        stats: {
+            score: { name: 'BMI Score', default: true },
+            category: { name: 'Category', default: true }
+        },
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const weight = parseFloat(values.weightInput);
+            const height = parseFloat(values.heightInput);
+            const res = {};
+
+            // Enforce reasonable minimums for adults (e.g., 20kg, 100cm)
+            if (!weight || !height || weight < 20 || height < 100) return res;
+
+            // BMI = kg / m^2
+            const bmi = weight / Math.pow(height / 100, 2);
+            res.score = bmi.toFixed(1);
+
+            let category = 'Obese';
+            if (bmi < 18.5) category = 'Underweight';
+            else if (bmi < 25) category = 'Normal';
+            else if (bmi < 30) category = 'Overweight';
+
+            res.category = category;
+            return res;
+        }
+    });
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzoyew.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzoyew.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..752c2a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzoyew.html
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+---
+permalink: calculators/common/gdzoyew
+title: Age Calculator
+description: "Calculate age based on birth date and current date."
+---
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="row g-3">
+    <div class="col-6">
+        <label for="dobInput" class="form-label small muted">Date of Birth</label>
+        <input type="date" id="dobInput" class="form-control" max="9999-12-31">
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-6">
+        <label for="targetInput" class="form-label small muted">Age at Date</label>
+        <input type="date" id="targetInput" class="form-control" max="9999-12-31">
+    </div>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p><strong>How to use:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Date of Birth:</strong> Enter your birth date.</li>
+    <li><strong>Age at Date:</strong> Defaults to today, but you can check your age on past or future dates.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>Features:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li>Calculates exact years, months, and days.</li>
+    <li>Shows total days elapsed since birth.</li>
+    <li>Countdown to your next birthday.</li>
+    <li>Use "Select Tiles" to hide or show specific result cards.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function () {
+    const dobInput = document.getElementById('dobInput');
+    const targetInput = document.getElementById('targetInput');
+
+    // Helper to parse "YYYY-MM-DD" as local date
+    function parseDate(str) {
+        if (!str) return null;
+        const [y, m, d] = str.split('-').map(Number);
+        if (y > 9999) return null;
+        return new Date(y, m - 1, d);
+    }
+
+    function getOrdinal(n) {
+        const s = ["th", "st", "nd", "rd"];
+        const v = n % 100;
+        return n + (s[(v - 20) % 10] || s[v] || s[0]);
+    }
+
+    function getGeneration(year) {
+        if (year >= 2100) return "Gen Eta";
+        if (year >= 2085) return "Gen Zeta";
+        if (year >= 2070) return "Gen Epsilon";
+        if (year >= 2055) return "Gen Delta";
+        if (year >= 2040) return "Gen Gamma";
+        if (year >= 2025) return "Gen Beta";
+        if (year >= 2013) return "Gen Alpha";
+        if (year >= 1997) return "Gen Z";
+        if (year >= 1981) return "Millennial";
+        if (year >= 1965) return "Gen X";
+        if (year >= 1946) return "Baby Boomer";
+        if (year >= 1928) return "Silent Gen";
+        if (year >= 1901) return "Greatest Gen";
+        if (year >= 1883) return "Lost Gen";
+        return "-";
+    }
+
+    // Set default target date to today
+    const today = new Date();
+    const yyyy = today.getFullYear();
+    const mm = String(today.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0');
+    const dd = String(today.getDate()).padStart(2, '0');
+    targetInput.value = `${yyyy}-${mm}-${dd}`;
+
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['dobInput', 'targetInput'],
+        stats: {
+            current: { name: 'Current Age',   default: true },
+            generation: { name: 'Generation', default: true },
+            exact:   { name: 'Exact Age',     default: false },
+            running: { name: 'Running Age',   default: false },
+            days:    { name: 'Total Days',    default: false },
+            next:    { name: 'Next Birthday', default: false }
+        },
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const dob = parseDate(values.dobInput);
+            const target = parseDate(values.targetInput);
+            const res = {};
+
+            if (!dob || !target || dob > target) return res;
+
+            // 1. Calculate Years, Months, Days
+            let years = target.getFullYear() - dob.getFullYear();
+            let months = target.getMonth() - dob.getMonth();
+            let days = target.getDate() - dob.getDate();
+
+            if (days < 0) {
+                months--;
+                const prevMonth = new Date(target.getFullYear(), target.getMonth(), 0);
+                days += prevMonth.getDate();
+            }
+            if (months < 0) {
+                years--;
+                months += 12;
+            }
+
+            res.current = `${years} Years`;
+            res.running = `${getOrdinal(years + 1)} Year`;
+            res.exact = `${years} Years, ${months} Months, ${days} Days`;
+            res.generation = getGeneration(dob.getFullYear());
+
+            // 2. Total Days Alive
+            const diffTime = target - dob;
+            const diffDays = Math.floor(diffTime / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
+            res.days = diffDays.toLocaleString();
+
+            // 3. Next Birthday
+            const currentYear = target.getFullYear();
+            let nextBday = new Date(dob.getFullYear(), dob.getMonth(), dob.getDate());
+            nextBday.setFullYear(currentYear);
+            if (nextBday < target) nextBday.setFullYear(currentYear + 1);
+
+            const diffBdayTime = nextBday - target;
+            const diffBdayDays = Math.ceil(diffBdayTime / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
+            res.next = (diffBdayDays === 0) ? "Today! 🎂" : (diffBdayDays + " days");
+
+            return res;
+        }
+    });
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzzvvv.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzzvvv.html
index 8d0f473..ea4c630 100644
--- a/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzzvvv.html
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/gdzzvvv.html
@@ -4,77 +4,36 @@
 description: "Analyze string length instantly: characters, words, lines, and UTF-8 byte size. Built for speed and accuracy."
 ---
 
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/css/tools.css">
-
-<div class="calc-panel">
-    <div class="row g-4">
-        <div class="col-12">
-            <div class="row row-cols-2 row-cols-sm-4 g-2 mb-3">
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Characters</div>
-                        <div id="charCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Words</div>
-                        <div id="wordCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Lines</div>
-                        <div id="lineCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col">
-                    <div class="stat">
-                        <div class="muted small">Bytes</div>
-                        <div id="byteCount" class="mb-0">0</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-            <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="Type or paste text here..."
-                aria-label="Text to analyze"></textarea>
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="mb-0">
+    <textarea id="inputText" class="form-control" placeholder="Type or paste text here..." aria-label="Text to analyze" rows="3"></textarea>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
 
-            <div class="mt-2 muted small">Tip: results update as you type. Use <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to trim whitespace.
-            </div>
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p><strong>How to use:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input:</strong> Type or paste text into the box.</li>
+    <li><strong>Analysis:</strong> The tool counts characters, words, lines, and the UTF-8 byte size.</li>
+    <li><strong>Trim:</strong> Use the Trim button or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> to remove leading/trailing whitespace.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
 
-            <div class="row g-2 mt-2">
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnClear" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Clear</button>
-                </div>
-                <div class="col-auto">
-                    <button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary">Trim</button>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-</div>
+{% include tools.html %}
 
 <script>
-    (function () {
-        // --- DOM Element Selection ---
-        // Get references to all necessary UI elements from the document.
-        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
-        const charCount = document.getElementById('charCount');
-        const wordCount = document.getElementById('wordCount');
-        const lineCount = document.getElementById('lineCount');
-        const byteCount = document.getElementById('byteCount');
-        const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
-        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
-
-        /**
-         * Analyzes the input text and returns counts for characters, words, lines, and bytes.
-         * @param {string} text The text to analyze.
-         * @returns {object} An object containing the counts.
-         * @property {number} chars - The count of characters.
-         * @property {number} words - The count of words.
-         * @property {number} lines - The count of lines.
-         * @property {number} bytes - The count of bytes (UTF-8).
-         */
-        function computeCounts(text) {
+(function () {
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputText'],
+        stats: {
+            words: { name: 'Words',      default: true },
+            lines: { name: 'Lines',      default: true },
+            chars: { name: 'Characters', default: false },
+            bytes: { name: 'Bytes',      default: false }
+        },
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const text = values.inputText || '';
+            if (text.length === 0) return {};
             const chars = text.length;
             const words = text.trim().length === 0 ? 0 : text.trim().split(/\s+/).length;
             const lines = text.length === 0 ? 0 : text.split(/\r?\n/).length;
@@ -89,51 +48,31 @@
             }
             return { chars, words, lines, bytes };
         }
+    });
 
-        /**
-         * Reads the input, computes the various counts, and updates the UI.
-         */
-        function update() {
-            const text = input.value || '';
-            const { chars, words, lines, bytes } = computeCounts(text);
-
-            // Update the text content of the result elements.
-            charCount.textContent = chars;
-            wordCount.textContent = words;
-            lineCount.textContent = lines;
-            byteCount.textContent = bytes;
-        }
+    // Inject Trim Button and Logic
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const col = document.createElement('div');
+        col.className = 'col-auto';
+        col.innerHTML = '<button id="btnTrim" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary">Trim</button>';
+        btnClear.parentNode.after(col);
 
-        // --- Event Listeners ---
-        // Debounce the update function to improve performance while typing.
-        let tId = null;
-        input.addEventListener('input', () => {
-            clearTimeout(tId);
-            tId = setTimeout(update, 120);
-        });
-
-        // Clears the input field and recalculates the counts.
-        btnClear.addEventListener('click', () => {
-            input.value = '';
-            update();
-            input.focus();
-        });
+        const btnTrim = document.getElementById('btnTrim');
+        const input = document.getElementById('inputText');
 
-        // Trims leading/trailing whitespace from the input and recalculates.
-        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        const doTrim = () => {
             input.value = input.value.trim();
-            update();
-        });
+            input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+        };
 
-        // Adds a Ctrl+Enter keyboard shortcut to trigger the trim functionality.
+        btnTrim.addEventListener('click', doTrim);
         input.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
             if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'Enter') {
                 e.preventDefault();
-                btnTrim.click();
+                doTrim();
             }
         });
-
-        // Perform an initial update on page load to set the default '0' values.
-        update();
-    })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+    }
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/common/index.html b/pages/tools/calculators/common/index.html
index e0afb46..cf02c53 100644
--- a/pages/tools/calculators/common/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/common/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: calculators/common
+permalink: calculators/common/
 title: Common Calculators
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/index.html b/pages/tools/calculators/index.html
index 9ec7a4e..c016832 100644
--- a/pages/tools/calculators/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: calculators
+permalink: calculators/
 title: Calculators
 description: "A collection of online calculators for mathematical expressions, string length analysis, and character counting. Fast and easy-to-use tools for your everyday needs."
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/scientific/gdizhat.html b/pages/tools/calculators/scientific/gdizhat.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd544f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/scientific/gdizhat.html
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+---
+permalink: calculators/scientific/gdizhat
+title: Trigonometry Calculator
+description: "A scientific calculator that performs trigonometric calculations including sine, cosine, tangent, and their inverses."
+---
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Trigonometry Calculator</strong> computes the values of standard trigonometric functions for a given angle. It features two input modes: Standard Angles for common values and Custom Input for specific calculations.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Mode:</strong> Toggle "Standard Angles" to switch between selecting common angles and entering custom values.</li>
+    <li><strong>Standard Mode:</strong> Select a predefined angle (e.g., 30, 45, 90) and unit. Enable "Show Fractions" to see exact values (e.g., √3/2).</li>
+    <li><strong>Custom Mode:</strong> Enter any numerical angle and select the unit (Degrees, Radians, or Gradians).</li>
+    <li><strong>View Results:</strong> Sine and Cosine values are shown by default. Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to display Tangent, Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div id="standardInputs">
+    <div class="input-group mb-2">
+        <select class="form-select" id="stdAngle" aria-label="Select standard angle">
+            <option value="0">0</option>
+            <option value="30" selected>30</option>
+            <option value="45">45</option>
+            <option value="60">60</option>
+            <option value="90">90</option>
+            <option value="120">120</option>
+            <option value="135">135</option>
+            <option value="150">150</option>
+            <option value="180">180</option>
+            <option value="210">210</option>
+            <option value="225">225</option>
+            <option value="240">240</option>
+            <option value="270">270</option>
+            <option value="300">300</option>
+            <option value="315">315</option>
+            <option value="330">330</option>
+            <option value="360">360</option>
+        </select>
+        <select class="form-select" id="stdUnit" aria-label="Select unit">
+            <option value="deg" selected>Degrees (°)</option>
+            <option value="rad">Radians (rad)</option>
+            <option value="grad">Gradians (grad)</option>
+        </select>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="customInputs" class="d-none">
+    <div class="input-group mb-2">
+        <input type="number" id="custAngle" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter angle..." aria-label="Angle value">
+        <select class="form-select" id="custUnit" aria-label="Select unit">
+            <option value="deg" selected>Degrees (°)</option>
+            <option value="rad">Radians (rad)</option>
+            <option value="grad">Gradians (grad)</option>
+        </select>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="d-flex gap-4">
+    <div class="form-check form-switch">
+        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inputMode" checked>
+        <label class="form-check-label" for="inputMode">Standard Angles</label>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="form-check form-switch" id="fractionContainer">
+        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="showFraction" checked>
+        <label class="form-check-label" for="showFraction">Show Fractions</label>
+    </div>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+    const stats = {
+        sin: { name: 'Sine (sin)', default: true },
+        cos: { name: 'Cosine (cos)', default: true },
+        tan: { name: 'Tangent (tan)', default: false },
+        csc: { name: 'Cosecant (csc)', default: false },
+        sec: { name: 'Secant (sec)', default: false },
+        cot: { name: 'Cotangent (cot)', default: false }
+    };
+
+    const toFraction = (val) => {
+        const eps = 1e-9;
+        const absVal = Math.abs(val);
+        const sign = val < 0 ? "-" : "";
+
+        // Avoid fraction logic for large numbers
+        if (absVal > 1e6) return null;
+
+        if (absVal < eps) return "0";
+
+        // Check for common trigonometric irrational values
+        const common = [
+            { v: 0.5, t: "1/2" },
+            { v: Math.sqrt(2)/2, t: "√2/2" },
+            { v: Math.sqrt(3)/2, t: "√3/2" },
+            { v: Math.sqrt(3), t: "√3" },
+            { v: 1/Math.sqrt(3), t: "1/√3" },
+            { v: Math.sqrt(2), t: "√2" },
+            { v: 2/Math.sqrt(3), t: "2/√3" }
+        ];
+        for (const c of common) {
+            if (Math.abs(absVal - c.v) < eps) return sign + c.t;
+        }
+
+        // Attempt simple rational approximation (max denominator 100)
+        for (let d = 1; d <= 100; d++) {
+            let n = Math.round(absVal * d);
+            if (Math.abs(absVal - n / d) < eps) {
+                return (d === 1) ? sign + n : sign + n + "/" + d;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+
+    const formatVal = (n, showFrac) => {
+        if (!isFinite(n)) return 'Undefined';
+        if (showFrac && Math.abs(n) > 1e15) return 'Undefined';
+        if (Math.abs(n) < 1e-10) return '0';
+
+        if (showFrac) {
+            const frac = toFraction(n);
+            if (frac) return frac;
+        }
+
+        if (Math.abs(n - 1) < 1e-10) return '1';
+        if (Math.abs(n + 1) < 1e-10) return '-1';
+        if (Math.abs(n) > 1e10) return n.toExponential(4);
+        return parseFloat(n.toPrecision(6)).toString();
+    };
+
+    // Toggle visibility logic
+    const modeToggle = document.getElementById('inputMode');
+    const stdInputs = document.getElementById('standardInputs');
+    const custInputs = document.getElementById('customInputs');
+    const fracContainer = document.getElementById('fractionContainer');
+
+    modeToggle.addEventListener('change', () => {
+        const isStandard = modeToggle.checked;
+        stdInputs.classList.toggle('d-none', !isStandard);
+        custInputs.classList.toggle('d-none', isStandard);
+        fracContainer.classList.toggle('d-none', !isStandard);
+    });
+
+    setupTool({
+        stats: stats,
+        inputs: ['inputMode', 'stdAngle', 'stdUnit', 'showFraction', 'custAngle', 'custUnit'],
+        calculate: (vals) => {
+            const isStandard = vals.inputMode;
+            let val, unit, showFrac;
+
+            if (isStandard) {
+                val = parseFloat(vals.stdAngle);
+                unit = vals.stdUnit;
+                showFrac = vals.showFraction;
+            } else {
+                val = parseFloat(vals.custAngle);
+                unit = vals.custUnit;
+                showFrac = false;
+            }
+
+            if (isNaN(val)) return {};
+
+            let rad = val;
+            if (unit === 'deg') rad = val * (Math.PI / 180);
+            if (unit === 'grad') rad = val * (Math.PI / 200);
+
+            const s = Math.sin(rad);
+            const c = Math.cos(rad);
+            const t = Math.tan(rad);
+
+            return {
+                sin: formatVal(s, showFrac),
+                cos: formatVal(c, showFrac),
+                tan: formatVal(t, showFrac),
+                csc: formatVal(1 / s, showFrac),
+                sec: formatVal(1 / c, showFrac),
+                cot: formatVal(1 / t, showFrac)
+            };
+        }
+    });
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/calculators/scientific/index.html b/pages/tools/calculators/scientific/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda0e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/calculators/scientific/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+permalink: calculators/scientific/
+title: Scientific Calculators
+---
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/gdeggcz.html b/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/gdeggcz.html
index afeed87..e17a3fe 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/gdeggcz.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/gdeggcz.html
@@ -5,7 +5,25 @@
 ---
 
 <script src="{{ site.crypto_js }}"></script>
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Hashing Converter</strong> is a secure tool designed to generate cryptographic hashes from text input. Essential for data verification, password storage simulation, and digital fingerprinting, it supports a wide array of industry-standard algorithms.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Text:</strong> Enter the text string you wish to hash in the input area.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which hash algorithms to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-shield-lock"></i> Supported Algorithms</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports the following cryptographic hash functions:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>MD5:</strong> MD5</li>
+    <li><strong>SHA-1:</strong> SHA-1</li>
+    <li><strong>SHA-2:</strong> SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512</li>
+    <li><strong>SHA-3:</strong> SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512</li>
+    <li><strong>Others:</strong> RIPEMD-160</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 
 <script>
     // Hide the input unit dropdown immediately to prevent UI flashing.
@@ -29,29 +47,29 @@
 
     // Configuration for Hashing Converter
     const units = {
-        text: { 
-            name: 'Plain Text', 
+        text: {
+            name: 'Plain Text',
             symbol: 'txt',
             toBase: v => v,
             fromBase: v => v
         },
-        md5: { 
-            name: 'MD5', 
+        md5: {
+            name: 'MD5',
             symbol: 'MD5',
             fromBase: v => hash('MD5', v)
         },
-        sha1: { 
-            name: 'SHA-1', 
+        sha1: {
+            name: 'SHA-1',
             symbol: 'SHA-1',
             fromBase: v => hash('SHA1', v)
         },
-        sha256: { 
-            name: 'SHA-256', 
+        sha256: {
+            name: 'SHA-256',
             symbol: 'SHA-256',
             fromBase: v => hash('SHA256', v)
         },
-        sha512: { 
-            name: 'SHA-512', 
+        sha512: {
+            name: 'SHA-512',
             symbol: 'SHA-512',
             fromBase: v => hash('SHA512', v)
         },
@@ -91,7 +109,7 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['sha256'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits,
@@ -100,4 +118,4 @@
         inputType: 'textarea'
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/index.html b/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/index.html
index 1cd22d7..d1655e2 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/algorithm/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: converters/algorithm
+permalink: converters/algorithm/
 title: Algorithm Converters
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gddvtyy.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gddvtyy.html
index e138762..2fef554 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/gddvtyy.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gddvtyy.html
@@ -4,7 +4,25 @@
 description: "Instantly convert volumes between liters, milliliters, cubic meters, gallons, quarts, pints, and more. A simple and fast volume conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Volume Converter</strong> is a versatile tool designed to perform accurate conversions between metric and imperial volume units. Whether for culinary, scientific, or industrial use, it provides instant results across a wide range of measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the volume you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Liter, Gallon) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-box-seam"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric:</strong> Milliliter (ml), Centiliter (cl), Deciliter (dl), Liter (l), Cubic Meter (m³), Cubic Centimeter (cm³)</li>
+    <li><strong>US Customary:</strong> Teaspoon (tsp), Tablespoon (tbsp), Fluid Ounce (fl oz), Cup, Pint (pt), Quart (qt), Gallon (gal)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial:</strong> Imperial Gallon (imp gal)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Liters (base unit)
@@ -29,10 +47,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['ml', 'gal'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdegcwx.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdegcwx.html
index 3ecc0af..8acd4df 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdegcwx.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdegcwx.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert areas between square meters, square kilometers, square feet, square miles, acres, hectares, and more. A simple and fast area conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Area Converter</strong> is a reliable tool designed to perform instant conversions between various metric and imperial area measurements. Whether for land surveying, construction planning, or academic use, it provides accurate results across a wide range of surface area units.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the area you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Square Meter, Acre) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-bounding-box"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following area units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric:</strong> Square Millimeter (mm²), Square Centimeter (cm²), Square Meter (m²), Hectare (ha), Square Kilometer (km²)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Square Inch (in²), Square Foot (ft²), Square Yard (yd²), Acre (ac), Square Mile (mi²)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Square Meters (base unit)
@@ -25,10 +42,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['ft2', 'ac'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdkaznn.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdkaznn.html
index a4e13dd..16f1d3a 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdkaznn.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdkaznn.html
@@ -4,7 +4,25 @@
 description: "Instantly convert lengths between meters, kilometers, inches, feet, miles, light-years, and more. A simple and fast length conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Length Converter</strong> is a versatile tool designed to perform accurate conversions between metric and imperial length units. Whether for engineering, construction, or scientific calculations, it provides instant results across a wide range of distance measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the length you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Meter, Foot) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-arrow-left-right"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following length units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric:</strong> Nanometer (nm), Micrometer (µm), Millimeter (mm), Centimeter (cm), Meter (m), Kilometer (km)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Inch (in), Foot (ft), Yard (yd), Mile (mi)</li>
+    <li><strong>Astronomical:</strong> Light-year (ly)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Meters
@@ -26,13 +44,13 @@
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'm';
-    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['km'];
+    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['cm','in'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdmzkka.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdmzkka.html
index 89caca4..31bdb09 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdmzkka.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdmzkka.html
@@ -4,46 +4,63 @@
 description: "Instantly convert temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Rankine, and Réaumur. A simple and fast temperature conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Temperature Converter</strong> is a precise tool designed to facilitate instant conversions between various temperature scales used in science, engineering, and daily life.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the temperature you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting scale (e.g., Celsius, Fahrenheit) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiless" dropdown to choose which target scales to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-thermometer-half"></i> Supported Scales</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following temperature scales:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Common:</strong> Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin (K)</li>
+    <li><strong>Scientific/Historical:</strong> Rankine (°R), Réaumur (°Re)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion logic to/from Celsius
     const units = {
-        celsius: { 
-            name: 'Celsius', symbol: '°C', 
-            toBase: v => v, 
-            fromBase: v => v 
+        celsius: {
+            name: 'Celsius', symbol: '°C',
+            toBase: v => v,
+            fromBase: v => v
         },
-        fahrenheit: { 
-            name: 'Fahrenheit', symbol: '°F', 
-            toBase: v => (v - 32) * 5 / 9, 
-            fromBase: v => (v * 9 / 5) + 32 
+        fahrenheit: {
+            name: 'Fahrenheit', symbol: '°F',
+            toBase: v => (v - 32) * 5 / 9,
+            fromBase: v => (v * 9 / 5) + 32
         },
-        kelvin: { 
-            name: 'Kelvin', symbol: 'K', 
-            toBase: v => v - 273.15, 
-            fromBase: v => v + 273.15 
+        kelvin: {
+            name: 'Kelvin', symbol: 'K',
+            toBase: v => v - 273.15,
+            fromBase: v => v + 273.15
         },
-        rankine: { 
-            name: 'Rankine', symbol: '°R', 
-            toBase: v => (v - 491.67) * 5 / 9, 
-            fromBase: v => (v + 273.15) * 1.8 
+        rankine: {
+            name: 'Rankine', symbol: '°R',
+            toBase: v => (v - 491.67) * 5 / 9,
+            fromBase: v => (v + 273.15) * 1.8
         },
-        reaumur: { 
-            name: 'Réaumur', symbol: '°Re', 
-            toBase: v => v * 1.25, 
-            fromBase: v => v * 0.8 
+        reaumur: {
+            name: 'Réaumur', symbol: '°Re',
+            toBase: v => v * 1.25,
+            fromBase: v => v * 0.8
         }
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'celsius';
-    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['fahrenheit'];
+    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['fahrenheit', 'kelvin'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwaaal.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwaaal.html
index 41963ea..a56e8a5 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwaaal.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwaaal.html
@@ -4,7 +4,25 @@
 description: "Instantly convert time between seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years. A simple and fast time conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Time Converter</strong> is a practical tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of time. Whether for scientific calculations, project planning, or daily scheduling, it provides accurate results across a wide range of time scales.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the time duration you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Minute, Hour) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-clock"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following time units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Small Scale:</strong> Nanosecond (ns), Microsecond (µs), Millisecond (ms)</li>
+    <li><strong>Standard:</strong> Second (s), Minute (min), Hour (h)</li>
+    <li><strong>Large Scale:</strong> Day (d), Week (wk), Month (mo), Year (y)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Seconds (base unit)
@@ -25,10 +43,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['s', 'h'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwzdkr.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwzdkr.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..803e30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdwzdkr.html
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+---
+permalink: converters/common/gdwzdkr
+title: Timezone Converter
+description: "Instantly convert timezones between different regions. A simple and fast timezone conversion tool."
+---
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Timezone Converter</strong> is a professional tool designed to facilitate accurate date and time conversions across global time zones. It automatically handles offsets and Daylight Saving Time (DST) adjustments to ensure precision.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> Interface Controls</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Date & Time Picker:</strong> Select a precise local time for conversion.</li>
+    <li><strong>Input Timezone:</strong> Select the source timezone for the entered time (e.g., Local, UTC).</li>
+    <li><strong>Smart Input:</strong> Paste date strings directly to parse and convert them instantly.</li>
+    <li><strong>24-Hour Toggle:</strong> Switch result displays between 12-hour (AM/PM) and 24-hour formats.</li>
+    <li><strong>Conversion Options:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which time zones appear in the results panel.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-code-slash"></i> Supported Paste Formats</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">The smart input accepts a wide range of formats, including:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>ISO 8601:</strong> <code>2023-12-25</code>, <code>2023-12-25T14:30:00</code></li>
+    <li><strong>Regional:</strong> <code>12/25/2023</code> (US), <code>25.12.2023</code> (EU), <code>2023年12月25日</code> (CN)</li>
+    <li><strong>Text:</strong> <code>Dec 25, 2023</code>, <code>25 March 1999</code></li>
+    <li><strong>Timezones:</strong> <code>14:30 IST</code>, <code>5:00 PM EST</code>, <code>+05:30</code></li>
+    <li><strong>Special:</strong> <code>2023-W52-1</code> (Week Date), <code>2023-365</code> (Ordinal)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function () {
+    /**
+     * Timezone Converter Module
+     *
+     * Handles the logic for converting times between different timezones.
+     * Features include:
+     * - "Smart" free-text input parsing for various date formats.
+     * - Dynamic UI injection (24h toggle, text input).
+     * - Timezone offset calculations relative to UTC.
+     */
+    const inputEl = document.getElementById('inputValue');
+    const resultsContainer = document.getElementById('resultsContainer');
+
+    // Inject Free Text Input
+    const freeTextDiv = document.createElement('div');
+    freeTextDiv.className = 'mb-3';
+    freeTextDiv.innerHTML = `
+        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="freeTextInput" placeholder="Or paste date/time string... (e.g. 2019-04-29T00:01:28.561)">
+    `;
+    inputEl.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', freeTextDiv);
+
+    // Inject 24h Toggle
+    const toggleDiv = document.createElement('div');
+    toggleDiv.className = 'd-flex mb-2';
+    toggleDiv.innerHTML = `
+        <div class="form-check form-switch">
+            <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chk_24hr_fmt">
+            <label class="form-check-label" for="chk_24hr_fmt">Display Results in 24-Hour Format</label>
+        </div>
+    `;
+    freeTextDiv.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', toggleDiv);
+
+    const freeInput = freeTextDiv.querySelector('input');
+
+    /**
+     * Smart Input Event Listener
+     * Attempts to parse free-text input into a valid Date object.
+     * Uses a waterfall strategy: native Date parsing -> regex heuristics.
+     */
+    freeInput.addEventListener('input', (e) => {
+        const val = e.target.value.trim();
+        let d = new Date(val);
+
+        // Strict Time Validation: Reject 24:00 or invalid ranges even if Date() accepts them (rollover)
+        // This prevents "25:00" from rolling over to the next day, which is often a user error.
+        const timeMatch = val.match(/(?:^|[\sT])(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})(?::(\d{1,2})(?:\.\d+)?)?\s*(am|pm)?/i);
+        if (timeMatch) {
+            const h = parseInt(timeMatch[1], 10);
+            const m = parseInt(timeMatch[2], 10);
+            const s = timeMatch[3] ? parseInt(timeMatch[3], 10) : 0;
+            const ampm = timeMatch[4];
+            if (m > 59 || s > 59 || (!ampm && h > 23) || (ampm && (h < 1 || h > 12))) {
+                d = new Date("Invalid"); // Force invalid
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Fallback: Support DD/MM/YYYY, YYYYMMDD, or DDMMYYYY format
+        // If native parsing fails, iterate through custom parsers.
+        if (isNaN(d.getTime())) {
+            // Array of parser functions returning { d, m, y, t } or null.
+            const parsers = [
+                // DD/MM/YYYY, DD-MM-YYYY, DD.MM.YY
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{1,2})[\/\-\.](\d{1,2})[\/\-\.](\d{2}|\d{4})(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    if (!m) return null;
+                    if (parseInt(m[1], 10) > 31) return null; // Reject invalid days to avoid conflict with yy-MM-dd
+                    let y = m[3];
+                    if (y.length === 2) {
+                        // Sliding window for 2-digit year
+                        const curY = new Date().getFullYear();
+                        let fullY = parseInt(String(curY).slice(0, 2) + y, 10);
+                        if (fullY > curY + 20) fullY -= 100;
+                        y = String(fullY);
+                    }
+                    return { d: m[1], m: m[2], y: y, t: m[4] };
+                },
+                // YYYY-MM-DD or YYYY/MM/DD
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{4})[\/\-](\d{1,2})[\/\-](\d{1,2})(?:[\sT](.*)|([Z+\-].*))?$/);
+                    return m ? { y: m[1], m: m[2], d: m[3], t: m[4] || m[5] } : null;
+                },
+                // yy-MM-dd
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{2})[\/\-](\d{1,2})[\/\-](\d{1,2})(?:[\sT](.*)|([Z+\-].*))?$/);
+                    if (!m) return null;
+                    if (parseInt(m[3], 10) > 31) return null;
+                    let y = m[1];
+                    const curY = new Date().getFullYear();
+                    let fullY = parseInt(String(curY).slice(0, 2) + y, 10);
+                    if (fullY > curY + 20) fullY -= 100;
+                    return { y: String(fullY), m: m[2], d: m[3], t: m[4] || m[5] };
+                },
+                // YYYYMMDD
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})(?:[\sT](.*)|([Z+\-].*))?$/);
+                    return m ? { y: m[1], m: m[2], d: m[3], t: m[4] || m[5] } : null;
+                },
+                // DDMMYYYY
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{4})(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    return m ? { d: m[1], m: m[2], y: m[3], t: m[4] } : null;
+                },
+                // Text Month: MMM.DD.YYYY, MMM/DD/YYYY, MMM DD, YYYY
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(?:[a-zA-Z\u00C0-\u00FF]+,?\s+)?([a-zA-Z\u00C0-\u00FF]{3,})[\s\.\/\-,]+(\d{1,2})[\s\.\/\-,]+(\d{2}|\d{4})(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    if (!m) return null;
+                    let y = m[3];
+                    if (y.length === 2) y = String(new Date().getFullYear()).slice(0, 2) + y;
+                    return { m: m[1], d: m[2], y: y, t: m[4] };
+                },
+                // Text Month: DD/MMM/YYYY, DD-MMM-YYYY
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(?:[a-zA-Z\u00C0-\u00FF]+,?\s+)?(\d{1,2})[\s\.\/\-,]+([a-zA-Z\u00C0-\u00FF]{3,})[\s\.\/\-,]+(\d{2}|\d{4})(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    if (!m) return null;
+                    let y = m[3];
+                    if (y.length === 2) y = String(new Date().getFullYear()).slice(0, 2) + y;
+                    return { d: m[1], m: m[2], y: y, t: m[4] };
+                },
+                // Chinese Date: YYYY年M月D日
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{4})年(\d{1,2})月(\d{1,2})日(?:\s*星期[一二三四五六日])?(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    return m ? { y: m[1], m: m[2], d: m[3], t: m[4] } : null;
+                },
+                // Ordinal Date: YYYY-DDD or YYYYDDD
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{4})-?(\d{3})(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    if (!m) return null;
+                    const d = new Date(parseInt(m[1], 10), 0, parseInt(m[2], 10));
+                    return { d: d.getDate(), m: d.getMonth() + 1, y: d.getFullYear(), t: m[3] };
+                },
+                // Week Date: YYYY-Www-d or YYYYWwwd
+                v => {
+                    const m = v.match(/^(\d{4})-?W(\d{2})-?(\d{1})(?:[\sT](.*))?$/);
+                    if (!m) return null;
+                    const y = parseInt(m[1], 10), w = parseInt(m[2], 10), wd = parseInt(m[3], 10);
+                    const jan4 = new Date(y, 0, 4);
+                    const day = jan4.getDay() || 7;
+                    const monday1 = new Date(jan4.getTime() - (day - 1) * 86400000);
+                    const target = new Date(monday1.getTime() + (w - 1) * 604800000 + (wd - 1) * 86400000);
+                    return { d: target.getDate(), m: target.getMonth() + 1, y: target.getFullYear(), t: m[4] };
+                }
+            ];
+
+            // Iterate parsers until a valid date is constructed
+            for (const parser of parsers) {
+                const parts = parser(val);
+                if (!parts) continue;
+
+                const { d: day, m: month, y: year, t: time } = parts;
+
+                // Convert text month to number
+                const monthMap = {
+                    jan:'01',feb:'02',mar:'03',apr:'04',may:'05',jun:'06',jul:'07',aug:'08',sep:'09',oct:'10',nov:'11',dec:'12',
+                    mär:'03',mai:'05',okt:'10',dez:'12'
+                };
+                const mStr = isNaN(month) ? (monthMap[month.toLowerCase().substring(0,3)] || month) : month;
+
+                let isValidTime = true;
+                let cleanTime = time;
+
+                // Normalize time string (handle Chinese characters, AM/PM placement, offsets)
+                if (time) {
+                    let tStr = time.trim();
+
+                    // Chinese Localization: Remove Weekdays, Normalize AM/PM & Separators
+                    tStr = tStr.replace(/星期[一二三四五六日]/g, '').trim();
+                    tStr = tStr.replace(/上午/g, 'AM ').replace(/下午/g, 'PM ');
+                    tStr = tStr.replace(/[时時分]/g, ':').replace(/秒/g, '');
+
+                    // Move prefix AM/PM to suffix
+                    const prefixAmPm = tStr.match(/^(AM|PM)\s+/i);
+                    if (prefixAmPm) tStr = tStr.replace(/^(AM|PM)\s+/i, '') + ' ' + prefixAmPm[1];
+                    tStr = tStr.trim();
+
+                    // Check for Offset-only time (e.g. from YYYYMMDD+0100)
+                    const offMatch = tStr.match(/^([+-]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?|Z)(?:\[[\w\/]+\])?$/);
+
+                    // Support AM/PM, Comma/Dot Decimal, Offset, Bracketed Zone
+                    const tMatch = tStr.match(/^(\d{1,2})(?:[:.]|(?:\s*h\s*))?(\d{1,2})?(?:[:.](\d{1,2})(?:[\.,]\d+)?)?(?:\s+o['’]?clock)?(?:\s+uhr)?\s*(?:(am|pm)\s+([a-z]{2,}|Z|[\+\-]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?)|([a-z]{2,}|Z|[\+\-]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?)\s+(am|pm)|(am|pm)|([a-z]{2,}|Z|[\+\-]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?))?(?:\[[\w\/]+\])?$/i);
+
+                    if (offMatch) {
+                        cleanTime = `00:00:00${offMatch[1]}`;
+                    } else if (tMatch) {
+                        const h = parseInt(tMatch[1], 10);
+                        const m = tMatch[2] ? parseInt(tMatch[2], 10) : 0;
+                        const s = tMatch[3] ? parseInt(tMatch[3], 10) : 0;
+                        const ampm = tMatch[4] || tMatch[7] || tMatch[8];
+                        let offset = tMatch[5] || tMatch[6] || tMatch[9];
+
+                        // Map German timezones
+                        if (offset && offset.toLowerCase() === 'mez') offset = '+01:00';
+                        if (offset && offset.toLowerCase() === 'mesz') offset = '+02:00';
+
+                        // Map from units if available
+                        if (offset && /^[a-z]+$/i.test(offset)) {
+                            const u = Object.values(units).find(u => u.symbol.toLowerCase() === offset.toLowerCase());
+                            if (u) {
+                                const abs = Math.abs(u.offset);
+                                const oh = Math.floor(abs);
+                                const om = Math.round((abs - oh) * 60);
+                                offset = (u.offset >= 0 ? '+' : '-') + oh.toString().padStart(2, '0') + ':' + om.toString().padStart(2, '0');
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (m > 59 || s > 59) isValidTime = false;
+                        else if (ampm && (h < 1 || h > 12)) isValidTime = false;
+                        else if (!ampm && h > 23) isValidTime = false;
+
+                        if (isValidTime) {
+                            cleanTime = `${h.toString().padStart(2,'0')}:${m.toString().padStart(2,'0')}:${s.toString().padStart(2,'0')}${ampm ? ' ' + ampm : ''}${offset ? ' ' + offset : ''}`;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        isValidTime = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Construct Date object from normalized parts
+                if (isValidTime) {
+                    // Try YYYY/MM/DD format first (better support for AM/PM)
+                    const fmtStr = `${year}/${mStr.toString().padStart(2, '0')}/${day.toString().padStart(2, '0')} ${cleanTime || ''}`;
+                    const tempD = new Date(fmtStr);
+
+                    if (!isNaN(tempD.getTime())) {
+                        d = tempD;
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        // Fallback to ISO with T separator
+                        const isoStr = `${year}-${mStr.toString().padStart(2, '0')}-${day.toString().padStart(2, '0')}${cleanTime ? 'T' + cleanTime : ''}`;
+                        const tempD2 = new Date(isoStr);
+                        if (!isNaN(tempD2.getTime())) {
+                            d = tempD2;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update UI based on validity of the parsed date
+        if (!isNaN(d.getTime())) {
+            freeInput.classList.remove('is-invalid');
+            freeInput.classList.add('is-valid');
+
+            const unitSelect = document.getElementById('inputUnit');
+            if (unitSelect.value !== 'local') {
+                unitSelect.value = 'local';
+                unitSelect.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
+            }
+
+            const pad = n => n.toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            const iso = `${d.getFullYear()}-${pad(d.getMonth()+1)}-${pad(d.getDate())}T${pad(d.getHours())}:${pad(d.getMinutes())}`;
+            inputEl.value = iso;
+            inputEl.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+        } else {
+            if (val.trim()) {
+                freeInput.classList.add('is-invalid');
+                freeInput.classList.remove('is-valid');
+            } else {
+                freeInput.classList.remove('is-invalid');
+                freeInput.classList.remove('is-valid');
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Helper to create timezone unit
+    /**
+     * Creates a timezone unit object for the converter.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name - Display name (e.g., "Eastern Standard Time").
+     * @param {string} symbol - Short symbol (e.g., "EST").
+     * @param {number} offset - Offset in hours from UTC (negative for West, positive for East).
+     */
+    const createTz = (name, symbol, offset) => ({
+        name, symbol, offset,
+        // toBase: Takes ISO String (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm) -> Returns UTC Timestamp (ms)
+        toBase: isoStr => {
+            if (!isoStr) return NaN;
+            const [datePart, timePart] = isoStr.split('T');
+            if (!datePart || !timePart) return NaN;
+
+            const [y, m, d] = datePart.split('-').map(Number);
+            const [hr, min] = timePart.split(':').map(Number);
+
+            // Treat input as UTC first to get linear time
+            const utcBase = Date.UTC(y, m - 1, d, hr, min);
+            // Apply offset inversion: UTC = Local - Offset
+            return utcBase - (offset * 3600 * 1000);
+        },
+        // fromBase: Takes UTC Timestamp (ms) -> Returns Formatted Date & Time String
+        fromBase: utcMs => {
+            if (isNaN(utcMs)) return '-';
+            // Target Time (shifted) = UTC + Offset
+            const d = new Date(utcMs + (offset * 3600 * 1000));
+
+            const is24Hr = document.getElementById('chk_24hr_fmt').checked;
+
+            const formatted = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(undefined, {
+                timeZone: 'UTC',
+                dateStyle: 'short',
+                timeStyle: 'short',
+                hour12: !is24Hr
+            }).format(d);
+
+            // Remove comma and ensure uppercase AM/PM
+            return formatted.replace(',', '').toUpperCase();
+        }
+    });
+
+    const units = {
+        utc: createTz('Coordinated Universal Time', 'UTC', 0),
+        gmt: createTz('Greenwich Mean Time', 'GMT', 0),
+        est: createTz('Eastern Standard Time', 'EST', -5),
+        cst: createTz('Central Standard Time', 'CST', -6),
+        mst: createTz('Mountain Standard Time', 'MST', -7),
+        pst: createTz('Pacific Standard Time', 'PST', -8),
+        ist: createTz('Indian Standard Time', 'IST', 5.5),
+        cet: createTz('Central European Time', 'CET', 1),
+        jst: createTz('Japan Standard Time', 'JST', 9),
+        aest: createTz('Australian Eastern Standard Time', 'AEST', 10)
+    };
+
+    // Calculate local offset dynamically
+    const localOffset = -new Date().getTimezoneOffset() / 60;
+    units.local = createTz('Your Local Time', 'Local', localOffset);
+
+    setupTool({
+        units: units,
+        defaultUnit: 'local',
+        defaultSelectedUnits: ['utc', 'est'],
+        converterType: 'datetime', // Custom type to handle string input
+        inputPlaceholder: 'Select date and time'
+    });
+
+    // Configure Input for Date & Time
+    inputEl.type = 'datetime-local';
+
+    // Set default to current local time
+    const now = new Date();
+    const tzOffsetMs = now.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000;
+    // Adjust to local time for ISO string generation
+    inputEl.value = new Date(now.getTime() - tzOffsetMs).toISOString().slice(0, 16);
+
+    // Override Clear Button behavior to clear only free text input
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    const newBtnClear = btnClear.cloneNode(true);
+    btnClear.parentNode.replaceChild(newBtnClear, btnClear);
+
+    newBtnClear.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        freeInput.value = '';
+        freeInput.classList.remove('is-invalid');
+        freeInput.classList.remove('is-valid');
+    });
+
+    // Listen for toggle changes
+    document.getElementById('chk_24hr_fmt').addEventListener('change', () => {
+        inputEl.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+    });
+
+    // Trigger initial calculation
+    setTimeout(() => inputEl.dispatchEvent(new Event('input')), 50);
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdyetrv.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdyetrv.html
index 6b8db92..24c9452 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/gdyetrv.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/gdyetrv.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert weights between grams, kilograms, pounds, ounces, tons, and more. A simple and fast weight conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Weight Converter</strong> is a comprehensive tool designed to perform accurate conversions between metric and imperial weight units. Whether for scientific research, shipping logistics, or daily use, it provides instant results across a wide range of mass measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the weight you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Kilogram, Pound) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-box-seam"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following weight units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric:</strong> Microgram (µg), Milligram (mg), Gram (g), Kilogram (kg), Metric Ton (t)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Ounce (oz), Pound (lb), Stone (st), US Ton (ton), Imperial Ton (long ton)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Grams (base unit)
@@ -22,13 +39,13 @@
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'kg';
-    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['lb'];
+    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['g', 'lb'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/common/index.html b/pages/tools/converters/common/index.html
index 1778dd2..a0cfd30 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/common/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/common/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: converters/common
+permalink: converters/common/
 title: Common Converters
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdeybab.html b/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdeybab.html
index bbb164f..e754ec4 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdeybab.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdeybab.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert data transfer speeds between different units. A simple and fast data transfer speed conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Data Transfer Speed Converter</strong> is an essential tool for network engineers, developers, and IT professionals. It allows for instant and accurate conversion between various data transfer rate units, helping to visualize bandwidth and transfer speeds across different scales.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the speed you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Megabit per second) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-speedometer2"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Bits per second:</strong> Bit (bps), Kilobit (Kbps), Megabit (Mbps), Gigabit (Gbps), Terabit (Tbps)</li>
+    <li><strong>Bytes per second:</strong> Byte (B/s), Kilobyte (KB/s), Megabyte (MB/s), Gigabyte (GB/s), Terabyte (TB/s)</li>
+    <li><strong>Binary (IEC):</strong> Kibibyte (KiB/s), Mebibyte (MiB/s), Gibibyte (GiB/s), Tebibyte (TiB/s)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Bits per second (bps) - Base unit
@@ -29,10 +46,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['mB_s', 'gbps'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdvadte.html b/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdvadte.html
index 11499d2..290cf39 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdvadte.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/digital/gdvadte.html
@@ -4,7 +4,23 @@
 description: "Instantly convert data storage between bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and more. A simple and fast data storage conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Data Storage Converter</strong> is a vital tool for developers, system administrators, and digital professionals. It enables precise conversion between decimal (SI) and binary (IEC) storage units, ensuring accuracy when calculating disk space, file sizes, and memory capacity.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the storage amount you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Gigabyte, Mebibyte) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-hdd"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Decimal (SI):</strong> Byte (B), Kilobyte (KB), Megabyte (MB), Gigabyte (GB), Terabyte (TB), Petabyte (PB)</li>
+    <li><strong>Binary (IEC):</strong> Kibibyte (KiB), Mebibyte (MiB), Gibibyte (GiB), Tebibyte (TiB), Pebibyte (PiB)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Bytes (base unit)
@@ -26,10 +42,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['gb', 'mib'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/digital/index.html b/pages/tools/converters/digital/index.html
index 68fba3c..9ae19e2 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/digital/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/digital/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: converters/digital
+permalink: converters/digital/
 title: Digital Converters
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/index.html b/pages/tools/converters/index.html
index 5f65d52..a993629 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-permalink: converters
+permalink: converters/
 title: Converters
 description: "A collection of online converters for temperature, length, weight, and more. Fast and easy-to-use tools for your everyday conversion needs."
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdigzed.html b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdigzed.html
index 0d67cc1..181731c 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdigzed.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdigzed.html
@@ -4,32 +4,81 @@
 description: "Instantly convert currencies between USD, EUR, GBP, JPY, and more. A simple and fast currency conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Currency Converter</strong> is a convenient tool designed to perform instant estimates for currency exchange. Whether for travel planning, international shopping, or financial comparisons, it provides quick conversions between major global currencies based on approximate exchange rates.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the amount you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Currency:</strong> Choose the starting currency (e.g., US Dollar) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target currencies to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-cash-coin"></i> Supported Currencies</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following currencies:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Americas:</strong> US Dollar (USD), Canadian Dollar (CAD)</li>
+    <li><strong>Europe:</strong> Euro (EUR), British Pound (GBP), Swiss Franc (CHF), Russian Ruble (RUB)</li>
+    <li><strong>Asia/Pacific:</strong> Indian Rupee (INR), Japanese Yen (JPY), Chinese Yuan (CNY), Australian Dollar (AUD)</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="small text-muted mt-2"><em>Note: Exchange rates are sourced from open-source APIs and updated daily.</em></p>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define currencies and their conversion factor to USD (base unit)
-    // Note: Factors are approximate exchange rates relative to 1 USD.
+    // Note: Factors are populated dynamically from the API.
     const units = {
-        usd: { name: 'US Dollar',        symbol: '$',   factor: 1 },
-        eur: { name: 'Euro',             symbol: '€',   factor: 1.08 },
-        gbp: { name: 'British Pound',    symbol: '£',   factor: 1.27 },
-        inr: { name: 'Indian Rupee',     symbol: '₹',   factor: 0.012 },
-        jpy: { name: 'Japanese Yen',     symbol: '¥',   factor: 0.0068 },
-        aud: { name: 'Australian Dollar',symbol: 'A$',  factor: 0.66 },
-        cad: { name: 'Canadian Dollar',  symbol: 'C$',  factor: 0.74 },
-        chf: { name: 'Swiss Franc',      symbol: 'Fr',  factor: 1.15 },
-        cny: { name: 'Chinese Yuan',     symbol: '¥',   factor: 0.14 },
-        rub: { name: 'Russian Ruble',    symbol: '₽',   factor: 0.011 }
+        usd: { name: 'US Dollar',        symbol: 'US $', factor: 1 },
+        eur: { name: 'Euro',             symbol: '€',   factor: 0 },
+        gbp: { name: 'British Pound',    symbol: '£',   factor: 0 },
+        inr: { name: 'Indian Rupee',     symbol: '₹',   factor: 0 },
+        jpy: { name: 'Japanese Yen',     symbol: '¥',   factor: 0 },
+        aud: { name: 'Australian Dollar',symbol: 'A$',  factor: 0 },
+        cad: { name: 'Canadian Dollar',  symbol: 'C$',  factor: 0 },
+        chf: { name: 'Swiss Franc',      symbol: 'Fr',  factor: 0 },
+        cny: { name: 'Chinese Yuan',     symbol: '¥',   factor: 0 },
+        rub: { name: 'Russian Ruble',    symbol: '₽',   factor: 0 }
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'usd';
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['eur', 'inr'];
 
-    // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
-        units: units,
-        defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
-        defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
-    });
+    // Show loading state
+    const resultsContainer = document.getElementById('resultsContainer');
+    resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="text-center py-4"><div class="spinner-border text-secondary" role="status"></div><div class="mt-2 small text-muted">Fetching latest rates...</div></div>';
+
+    // Initialize converter after attempting to fetch live rates
+    // Source: https://github.com/fawazahmed0/exchange-api (Open Source, Free)
+    fetch('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fawazahmed0/currency-api@latest/v1/currencies/usd.json')
+        .then(res => res.json())
+        .then(data => {
+            const rates = data.usd;
+            // Update factors: 1 Unit = (1 / Rate) USD
+            if (rates.eur) units.eur.factor = 1 / rates.eur;
+            if (rates.gbp) units.gbp.factor = 1 / rates.gbp;
+            if (rates.inr) units.inr.factor = 1 / rates.inr;
+            if (rates.jpy) units.jpy.factor = 1 / rates.jpy;
+            if (rates.aud) units.aud.factor = 1 / rates.aud;
+            if (rates.cad) units.cad.factor = 1 / rates.cad;
+            if (rates.chf) units.chf.factor = 1 / rates.chf;
+            if (rates.cny) units.cny.factor = 1 / rates.cny;
+            if (rates.rub) units.rub.factor = 1 / rates.rub;
+
+            // Clear loading spinner
+            resultsContainer.innerHTML = '';
+
+            const note = document.querySelector('#helpModal em');
+            if (note) note.innerText = `Exchange rates updated from live data (${data.date}).`;
+
+            setupTool({
+                units: units,
+                defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
+                defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
+            });
+        })
+        .catch(e => {
+            console.error('Currency fetch failed', e);
+            resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="alert alert-warning small">Unable to load exchange rates. Please check your connection.</div>';
+        });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdkywah.html b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdkywah.html
index 2278098..70a68ea 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdkywah.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdkywah.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert cooking measurements between cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, and more. A simple and fast cooking conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Cooking Converter</strong> is a handy tool designed to simplify kitchen conversions. Whether you're following an international recipe or scaling up a meal, it provides instant and accurate conversions between common cooking measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the quantity you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Cup, Tablespoon) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-cup-hot"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following cooking units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric:</strong> Milliliter (ml), Liter (l)</li>
+    <li><strong>US Customary:</strong> Teaspoon (tsp), Tablespoon (tbsp), Fluid Ounce (fl oz), Cup, Pint (pt), Quart (qt), Gallon (gal)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial:</strong> Imperial Tablespoon, Imperial Cup, Imperial Fluid Ounce</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Milliliters (base unit)
@@ -27,10 +44,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['ml', 'tbsp'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdmkzcy.html b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdmkzcy.html
index 0ddcbd8..1b83ba6 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdmkzcy.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/gdmkzcy.html
@@ -4,30 +4,46 @@
 description: "Instantly convert fuel consumption between liters per 100 kilometers, miles per gallon, and more. A simple and fast fuel consumption conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Fuel Consumption Converter</strong> is a practical tool designed to compare fuel efficiency across different international standards. Whether you are calculating trip costs, comparing vehicle specifications, or converting between metric and imperial systems, it provides accurate results instantly.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the fuel consumption value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., MPG (US), L/100km) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-fuel-pump"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following fuel efficiency units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric:</strong> Liters per 100 Kilometers (L/100km), Kilometers per Liter (km/L)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Miles per Gallon (US), Miles per Gallon (Imperial)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion logic to/from Liters per 100km (base unit)
     const units = {
-        l100km: { 
-            name: 'Liters per 100 km', symbol: 'L/100km', 
-            toBase: v => v, 
-            fromBase: v => v 
+        l100km: {
+            name: 'Liters per 100 km', symbol: 'L/100km',
+            toBase: v => v,
+            fromBase: v => v
         },
-        mpg_us: { 
-            name: 'Miles per Gallon (US)', symbol: 'mpg (US)', 
-            toBase: v => 235.215 / v, 
-            fromBase: v => 235.215 / v 
+        mpg_us: {
+            name: 'Miles per Gallon (US)', symbol: 'mpg (US)',
+            toBase: v => 235.215 / v,
+            fromBase: v => 235.215 / v
         },
-        mpg_imp: { 
-            name: 'Miles per Gallon (Imp)', symbol: 'mpg (Imp)', 
-            toBase: v => 282.481 / v, 
-            fromBase: v => 282.481 / v 
+        mpg_imp: {
+            name: 'Miles per Gallon (Imp)', symbol: 'mpg (Imp)',
+            toBase: v => 282.481 / v,
+            fromBase: v => 282.481 / v
         },
-        kml: { 
-            name: 'Kilometers per Liter', symbol: 'km/L', 
-            toBase: v => 100 / v, 
-            fromBase: v => 100 / v 
+        kml: {
+            name: 'Kilometers per Liter', symbol: 'km/L',
+            toBase: v => 100 / v,
+            fromBase: v => 100 / v
         }
     };
 
@@ -35,10 +51,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['l100km', 'kml'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/index.html b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/index.html
index cac5a07..1df64c4 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/lifestyle/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: converters/lifestyle
+permalink: converters/lifestyle/
 title: Lifestyle Converters
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdckceg.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdckceg.html
index 997cec4..896a592 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdckceg.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdckceg.html
@@ -4,7 +4,23 @@
 description: "Instantly convert frequency measurements between different units. A simple and fast frequency conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Frequency Converter</strong> is a precise tool designed to facilitate instant conversions between various frequency units. Whether for electronics, acoustics, or mechanical engineering, it provides accurate results across a wide range of cyclic measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the frequency you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Hertz, Kilohertz) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-activity"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following frequency units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>SI / Metric:</strong> Hertz (Hz), Kilohertz (kHz), Megahertz (MHz), Gigahertz (GHz), Terahertz (THz)</li>
+    <li><strong>Rotational / Angular:</strong> Revolutions per minute (rpm), Radian per second (rad/s), Degree per second (deg/s)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Hertz (base unit)
@@ -23,10 +39,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['khz', 'mhz'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeekgp.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeekgp.html
index c0c9fea..92c8a5e 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeekgp.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeekgp.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert radiation measurements between different units. A simple and fast radiation conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Radiation Converter</strong> is a specialized tool designed to perform instant conversions between units of absorbed radiation dose and equivalent dose. It is essential for health physics, radiology, and nuclear safety calculations.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the radiation value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Gray, Sievert) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-radioactive"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following radiation units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Absorbed Dose:</strong> Gray (Gy), Milligray (mGy), Microgray (µGy), Rad (rad), Millirad (mrad)</li>
+    <li><strong>Equivalent Dose:</strong> Sievert (Sv), Millisievert (mSv), Microsievert (µSv), Rem (rem), Millirem (mrem)</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="small text-muted mt-2"><em>Note: Conversions between absorbed dose and equivalent dose assume a Quality Factor (Q) of 1.</em></p>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Gray (Gy) - Base unit
@@ -23,13 +40,13 @@
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'gy';
-    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['rad', 'sv', 'rem'];
+    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['rad', 'mrem'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeiafn.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeiafn.html
index a0fdb4b..b38d019 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeiafn.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdeiafn.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert energy between joules, kilojoules, calories, kilocalories, watt-hours, and more. A simple and fast energy conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Energy Converter</strong> is a powerful tool designed to facilitate instant conversions between various units of energy. Whether for physics, engineering, or nutritional calculations, it provides accurate results across a wide range of energy measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the energy value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Joule, Kilocalorie) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-lightning-charge"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following energy units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric / SI:</strong> Joule (J), Kilojoule (kJ), Watt-hour (Wh), Kilowatt-hour (kWh)</li>
+    <li><strong>Thermal / Nutritional:</strong> Gram Calorie (cal), Kilocalorie (kcal), British Thermal Unit (BTU), US Therm (thm)</li>
+    <li><strong>Physics / Mechanical:</strong> Electronvolt (eV), Foot-pound (ft⋅lb)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Joules (base unit)
@@ -22,13 +39,13 @@
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'j';
-    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['kj', 'kcal', 'kwh'];
+    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['kj', 'kcal'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdekyui.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdekyui.html
index ee59db6..d9fb2e0 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdekyui.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdekyui.html
@@ -4,7 +4,23 @@
 description: "Instantly convert torque measurements between different units. A simple and fast torque conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Torque Converter</strong> is a specialized tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of torque (rotational force). Whether for automotive engineering, mechanical design, or physics calculations, it provides accurate results across a wide range of measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the torque value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Newton-meter, Pound-force foot) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-arrow-clockwise"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following torque units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric / SI:</strong> Newton-meter (N·m), Dyne-centimeter (dyn·cm), Kilogram-force meter (kgf·m), Kilogram-force centimeter (kgf·cm)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Pound-force foot (lbf·ft), Pound-force inch (lbf·in), Ounce-force inch (ozf·in)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Newton-meter (N·m) - Base unit
@@ -22,10 +38,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['lbfft', 'kgfm'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdergua.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdergua.html
index b82910e..584268d 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdergua.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdergua.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert pressure between pascals, kilopascals, bars, atmospheres, pounds per square inch, and more. A simple and fast pressure conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Pressure Converter</strong> is a specialized tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of pressure. Whether for meteorology, engineering, or scientific research, it provides accurate results across a wide range of measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the pressure value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Pascal, Bar) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-speedometer"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following pressure units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric / SI:</strong> Pascal (Pa), Kilopascal (kPa), Megapascal (MPa), Bar (bar), Millibar (mbar)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Pound per square inch (psi)</li>
+    <li><strong>Atmosphere / Other:</strong> Standard Atmosphere (atm), Torr (Torr), Millimeter of Mercury (mmHg)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Pascals (base unit)
@@ -21,13 +38,13 @@
     };
 
     const defaultUnit = 'pa';
-    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['bar', 'psi', 'atm'];
+    const defaultSelectedUnits = ['bar', 'psi'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdilgye.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdilgye.html
index e9fd2df..60c22b8 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdilgye.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdilgye.html
@@ -4,7 +4,23 @@
 description: "Instantly convert magnetic field measurements between different units. A simple and fast magnetic field conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Magnetic Field Converter</strong> is a specialized tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of magnetic flux density. Whether for physics research, electrical engineering, or geophysics, it provides accurate results across a wide range of magnetic field measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the magnetic field value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Tesla, Gauss) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-magnet"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following magnetic field units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>SI / Metric:</strong> Tesla (T), Millitesla (mT), Microtesla (µT), Nanotesla (nT), Weber per square meter (Wb/m²)</li>
+    <li><strong>CGS / Other:</strong> Gauss (G), Milligauss (mG), Gamma (γ)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Tesla (base unit)
@@ -23,10 +39,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['g', 'mt'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlavzn.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlavzn.html
index 190837b..4313283 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlavzn.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlavzn.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert power between watts, kilowatts, megawatts, gigawatts, horsepower, and more. A simple and fast power conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Power Converter</strong> is a robust tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of power. Whether for electrical engineering, automotive mechanics, or physics calculations, it provides accurate results across a wide range of energy transfer rate measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the power value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Watt, Horsepower) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-lightning"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following power units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric / SI:</strong> Milliwatt (mW), Watt (W), Kilowatt (kW), Megawatt (MW), Gigawatt (GW)</li>
+    <li><strong>Mechanical:</strong> Horsepower (Mechanical) (hp), Horsepower (Metric) (PS), Foot-pound per second (ft⋅lb/s)</li>
+    <li><strong>Thermal:</strong> BTU per hour (BTU/h)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Watts (base unit)
@@ -24,10 +41,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['kw', 'hp'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlmggz.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlmggz.html
index 3239b2e..8b778f4 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlmggz.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdlmggz.html
@@ -4,7 +4,22 @@
 description: "Instantly convert sound levels between different units. A simple and fast sound level conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Sound Level Converter</strong> is a specialized tool designed to perform instant conversions between logarithmic units used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, often power or field strength. It is essential for acoustics, electronics, and telecommunications.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the sound level value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Decibel, Neper) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-volume-up"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Logarithmic Units:</strong> Decibel (dB), Bel (B), Neper (Np)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Decibel (dB) - Base unit
@@ -18,10 +33,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['b', 'np'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdsqzva.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdsqzva.html
index 8c30c74..a331a48 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdsqzva.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdsqzva.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert angles between degrees, radians, gradians, and more. A simple and fast angle conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Angle Converter</strong> is a precise tool designed to facilitate instant conversions between various angular units. Whether for geometry, trigonometry, or navigation, it provides accurate results across a wide range of measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the angle you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Degree, Radian) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-compass"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following angular units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Common / SI:</strong> Degree (°), Radian (rad), Gradian (grad), Milliradian (mrad)</li>
+    <li><strong>Astronomical / Navigation:</strong> Minute of arc (′), Second of arc (″)</li>
+    <li><strong>Other:</strong> Turn (tr)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Degrees (base unit)
@@ -22,10 +39,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['rad', 'grad'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdvmrpd.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdvmrpd.html
index e528afe..a378adf 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdvmrpd.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdvmrpd.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert speeds between meters per second, kilometers per hour, miles per hour, feet per second, and more. A simple and fast speed conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Speed Converter</strong> is a dynamic tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of speed. Whether for automotive travel, aviation, or physics calculations, it provides accurate results across a wide range of velocity measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the speed you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Kilometer per hour, Mile per hour) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-speedometer"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following speed units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Metric / SI:</strong> Meter per second (m/s), Kilometer per hour (km/h)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Mile per hour (mph), Foot per second (ft/s)</li>
+    <li><strong>Marine / Aviation:</strong> Knot (kn), Mach (Ma)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Meters per Second (m/s)
@@ -21,10 +38,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['mph', 'ms'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdxakae.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdxakae.html
index 4085822..c923ec8 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdxakae.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/gdxakae.html
@@ -4,7 +4,24 @@
 description: "Instantly convert illuminance measurements between different units. A simple and fast illuminance conversion tool."
 ---
 
-{% include converter.html %}
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Illuminance Converter</strong> is a practical tool designed to perform instant conversions between various units of illuminance (luminous flux incident on a surface). Whether for lighting design, photography, or architectural engineering, it provides accurate results across a wide range of light intensity measurements.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Input Value:</strong> Enter the illuminance value you wish to convert in the input field.</li>
+    <li><strong>Select Unit:</strong> Choose the starting unit (e.g., Lux, Foot-candle) from the dropdown next to the input.</li>
+    <li><strong>Customize Results:</strong> Use the "Select Tiles" dropdown to choose which target units to display.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-lightbulb"></i> Supported Units</h6>
+<p class="small text-muted">This tool supports conversion between the following illuminance units:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>SI / Metric:</strong> Lux (lx), Kilolux (klx), Millilux (mlx), Nox (nx)</li>
+    <li><strong>CGS:</strong> Phot (ph)</li>
+    <li><strong>Imperial / US:</strong> Foot-candle (fc)</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
 <script>
 (function () {
     // Configuration: Define units and their conversion factor to Lux (base unit)
@@ -21,10 +38,10 @@
     const defaultSelectedUnits = ['fc', 'ph'];
 
     // Initialize the shared converter logic
-    setupConverter({
+    setupTool({
         units: units,
         defaultUnit: defaultUnit,
         defaultSelectedUnits: defaultSelectedUnits
     });
 })();
-</script>
\ No newline at end of file
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/converters/physics/index.html b/pages/tools/converters/physics/index.html
index 3412662..cbbab1a 100644
--- a/pages/tools/converters/physics/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/converters/physics/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 ---
-permalink: converters/physics
+permalink: converters/physics/
 title: Physics Converters
 ---
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pages/tools/generators/common/gdgeldi.html b/pages/tools/generators/common/gdgeldi.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6579a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/generators/common/gdgeldi.html
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+permalink: generators/common/gdgeldi
+title: Number Generator
+description: "Generate a random number of a specified length."
+---
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="input-group mb-2">
+    <span class="input-group-text" style="min-width: 60px;">Length</span>
+    <input type="number" id="inputLength" class="form-control" placeholder="e.g., 10" value="10" max="2500">
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>Number Generator</strong> creates a random number of a specified length.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Length:</strong> Enter the desired length for the random number (up to 2500).</li>
+    <li><strong>Regenerate:</strong> Click the "Regenerate" button to get a new random number with the same length.</li>
+    <li>The tool will automatically generate and display random numbers based on your input.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-lightning-charge"></i> Generated Values</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Random Number:</strong> A random whole number of the specified length.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function () {
+    const stats = {
+        randomNumber: { name: 'Random Number', default: true }
+    };
+
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputLength'],
+        stats: stats,
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const lengthText = values.inputLength;
+            const resEl = stats.randomNumber.valElement;
+
+            if (resEl) resEl.classList.remove('text-danger');
+
+            if (lengthText.trim() === '') {
+                return { randomNumber: '-' };
+            }
+
+            const length = parseInt(lengthText, 10);
+
+            if (isNaN(length) || length <= 0 || length > 2500) {
+                if (resEl) resEl.classList.add('text-danger');
+                if (length <= 0) {
+                    return { randomNumber: '-' };
+                }
+                if (length > 2500) {
+                    return { randomNumber: 'Length must be <= 2500' };
+                }
+                return { randomNumber: 'Invalid input' };
+            }
+
+            let randomNumber = '';
+            if (length === 1) {
+                randomNumber = (Math.floor(Math.random() * 10)).toString();
+            } else {
+                randomNumber += (Math.floor(Math.random() * 9) + 1);
+                for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+                    randomNumber += (Math.floor(Math.random() * 10));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return {
+                randomNumber: randomNumber
+            };
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Ensure the generated number wraps within the result card
+    if (stats.randomNumber.valElement) {
+        stats.randomNumber.valElement.style.wordBreak = 'break-all';
+    }
+
+    // Add a "Regenerate" button to get new random numbers without changing inputs
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const col = document.createElement('div');
+        col.className = 'col-auto';
+        col.innerHTML = '<button id="btnRegenerate" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary"><i class="bi bi-arrow-repeat"></i> Regenerate</button>';
+
+        btnClear.parentNode.after(col);
+
+        const btnRegenerate = document.getElementById('btnRegenerate');
+        btnRegenerate.addEventListener('click', () => {
+            // Trigger a calculation update by dispatching an event on one of the inputs
+            document.getElementById('inputLength').dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+        });
+    }
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/generators/common/gdhzgsg.html b/pages/tools/generators/common/gdhzgsg.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5d4d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/generators/common/gdhzgsg.html
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+permalink: generators/common/gdhzgsg
+title: String Generator
+description: "Generate random strings based on specified criteria."
+---
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="input-group mb-2">
+    <span class="input-group-text" style="min-width: 80px;">Length</span>
+    <input type="number" id="inputLength" class="form-control" placeholder="e.g., 16" value="16" min="1" max="2500">
+    <select id="inputType" class="form-select">
+        <option value="upper_lower_number" selected>Uppercase + Lowercase + Numbers</option>
+        <option value="upper_lower">Uppercase + Lowercase</option>
+        <option value="lower_number">Lowercase + Numbers</option>
+        <option value="upper_number">Uppercase + Numbers</option>
+        <option value="upper">Uppercase</option>
+        <option value="lower">Lowercase</option>
+    </select>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% capture help_content %}
+<p>The <strong>String Generator</strong> creates random strings based on a specified length and character set.</p>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-sliders"></i> How to Use</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Length:</strong> Enter the desired length for the random string (from 1 to 2500).</li>
+    <li><strong>Character Set:</strong> Select the type of characters to include from the dropdown.</li>
+    <li><strong>Regenerate:</strong> Click the "Regenerate" button to get a new random string with the same settings.</li>
+    <li>The tool will automatically generate and display a random string based on your input.</li>
+</ul><hr>
+<h6><i class="bi bi-lightning-charge"></i> Generated Values</h6>
+<ul>
+    <li><strong>Random String:</strong> A random string of the specified length and character set.</li>
+</ul>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function () {
+    const stats = {
+        randomString: { name: 'Random String', default: true }
+    };
+
+    const charSets = {
+        upper: 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+        lower: 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
+        number: '0123456789'
+    };
+
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputLength', 'inputType'],
+        stats: stats,
+        calculate: (values) => {
+            const lengthText = values.inputLength;
+            const type = values.inputType;
+            const resEl = stats.randomString.valElement;
+
+            if (resEl) resEl.classList.remove('text-danger');
+
+            if (lengthText.trim() === '') {
+                return { randomString: '-' };
+            }
+
+            const length = parseInt(lengthText, 10);
+
+            if (isNaN(length) || length < 1 || length > 2500) {
+                if (resEl) resEl.classList.add('text-danger');
+                const errorMsg = (length < 1) ? 'Length must be >= 1' : (length > 2500) ? 'Length must be <= 2500' : 'Invalid length';
+                return { randomString: errorMsg };
+            }
+
+            const selectedCharset = (type === 'upper') ? charSets.upper :
+                                  (type === 'lower') ? charSets.lower :
+                                  (type === 'upper_lower') ? charSets.upper + charSets.lower :
+                                  (type === 'lower_number') ? charSets.lower + charSets.number :
+                                  (type === 'upper_number') ? charSets.upper + charSets.number :
+                                  charSets.upper + charSets.lower + charSets.number;
+
+            let result = '';
+            for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                result += selectedCharset.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * selectedCharset.length));
+            }
+
+            return { randomString: result };
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Ensure the generated string wraps within the result card
+    if (stats.randomString.valElement) {
+        stats.randomString.valElement.style.wordBreak = 'break-all';
+    }
+
+    // Add a "Regenerate" button
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const col = document.createElement('div');
+        col.className = 'col-auto';
+        col.innerHTML = '<button id="btnRegenerate" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary"><i class="bi bi-arrow-repeat"></i> Regenerate</button>';
+
+        btnClear.parentNode.after(col);
+
+        const btnRegenerate = document.getElementById('btnRegenerate');
+        btnRegenerate.addEventListener('click', () => {
+            document.getElementById('inputLength').dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+        });
+    }
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/generators/common/index.html b/pages/tools/generators/common/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4e3b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/generators/common/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+permalink: generators/common/
+title: Common Generators
+description: "A collection of online generators for strings, numbers, and more. Fast and easy-to-use tools for your everyday generation needs."
+---
diff --git a/pages/tools/generators/index.html b/pages/tools/generators/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef3fbd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/generators/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+permalink: generators/
+title: Generators
+description: "A collection of online generators for strings, numbers, and more. Fast and easy-to-use tools for your everyday generation needs."
+---
diff --git a/pages/tools/index.html b/pages/tools/index.html
index 1bfd1af..faddf57 100644
--- a/pages/tools/index.html
+++ b/pages/tools/index.html
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 ---
-permalink: tools
+permalink: tools/
 title: GoDarda Tools
 description: "A collection of online tools for calculations, text analysis, and more. Explore our versatile utilities designed to simplify your tasks."
 ---
 
 {%- include search.html -%}
 <div class="row">
-    {%- for segment in site.data.tools.segments -%}
+    {%- assign tools_data = site.data.tools.tools -%}
+    {%- for segment in tools_data.segments -%}
     <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-3 col-xxl-3">
         <a href="{{ segment.url }}"><div class="{{ segment.url | split: '/' }} procard">{{ segment.title }}</div></a>
     </div>
diff --git a/pages/tools/utilities/common/gdcztzc.html b/pages/tools/utilities/common/gdcztzc.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec8ee84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/utilities/common/gdcztzc.html
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+---
+permalink: utilities/common/gdcztzc
+title: Timer
+description: "A simple timer utility for tracking time."
+---
+
+<style>
+  /* Custom styles for the timer display */
+  #res_timer {
+    font-size: 3.5rem;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    letter-spacing: 2px;
+  }
+</style>
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="input-group mb-4">
+    <span class="input-group-text">Duration (HH:MM:SS)</span>
+    <input type="text" id="inputTime" class="form-control fs-4" value="00:05:00" placeholder="HH:MM:SS" maxlength="8">
+</div>
+
+<div class="d-flex justify-content-center flex-wrap gap-2 mb-2">
+    <button id="btnStartPause" class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary px-4">Start</button>
+    <button id="btnReset" class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary px-4">Reset</button>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function() {
+    const stats = {
+        timer: { name: 'Time Remaining', default: true }
+    };
+
+    const timer = {
+        totalSeconds: 0,
+        remainingSeconds: 0,
+        interval: null,
+        running: false,
+        isPaused: false,
+
+        toggle: function() {
+            if (this.running) this.pause();
+            else this.start();
+        },
+
+        start: function() {
+            if (!this.isPaused) {
+                const val = document.getElementById('inputTime').value;
+                this.totalSeconds = this.parseTime(val);
+                if (this.totalSeconds <= 0) return;
+                this.remainingSeconds = this.totalSeconds;
+                this.toggleInputs(false);
+            }
+            this.running = true;
+            this.isPaused = false;
+            this.updateUI();
+            if (this.interval) clearInterval(this.interval);
+            this.interval = setInterval(() => this.tick(), 1000);
+            this.tick();
+        },
+
+        pause: function() {
+            this.running = false;
+            this.isPaused = true;
+            clearInterval(this.interval);
+            this.updateUI();
+        },
+
+        reset: function() {
+            this.running = false;
+            this.isPaused = false;
+            clearInterval(this.interval);
+            this.toggleInputs(true);
+            document.getElementById('inputTime').value = "00:05:00"; // Set to original default
+            // Trigger input event to reset display via setupTool logic
+            document.getElementById('inputTime').dispatchEvent(new Event('input'));
+            this.updateUI();
+        },
+
+        tick: function() {
+            if (this.remainingSeconds <= 0) {
+                this.finish();
+                return;
+            }
+            this.updateDisplay(this.remainingSeconds);
+            this.remainingSeconds--;
+        },
+
+        finish: function() {
+            this.running = false;
+            this.isPaused = false;
+            clearInterval(this.interval);
+            this.toggleInputs(true);
+            this.updateUI();
+            if (stats.timer.valElement) stats.timer.valElement.textContent = "Time's Up!";
+        },
+
+        updateDisplay: function(s) {
+            if (stats.timer.valElement) stats.timer.valElement.textContent = this.format(s);
+        },
+
+        format: function(totalSeconds) {
+            const h = Math.floor(totalSeconds / 3600).toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            const m = Math.floor((totalSeconds % 3600) / 60).toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            const s = (totalSeconds % 60).toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            return (h > 0 ? h + ':' : '') + `${m}:${s}`;
+        },
+
+        parseTime: function(str) {
+            const parts = str.split(':').map(p => parseInt(p) || 0);
+            let h = 0, m = 0, s = 0;
+            if (parts.length === 3) { [h, m, s] = parts; }
+            else if (parts.length === 2) { [m, s] = parts; }
+            else if (parts.length === 1) { [s] = parts; }
+            return (h * 3600) + (m * 60) + s;
+        },
+
+        toggleInputs: function(enabled) {
+            document.getElementById('inputTime').disabled = !enabled;
+        },
+
+        updateUI: function() {
+            const btn = document.getElementById('btnStartPause');
+            if (this.running) {
+                btn.textContent = "Pause";
+                btn.classList.replace('btn-primary', 'btn-warning');
+            } else {
+                btn.textContent = this.isPaused ? "Resume" : "Start";
+                btn.classList.replace('btn-warning', 'btn-primary');
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: ['inputTime'],
+        stats: stats,
+        calculate: (vals) => {
+            if (timer.running || timer.isPaused) return { timer: timer.format(timer.remainingSeconds) };
+            const s = timer.parseTime(vals.inputTime);
+            return { timer: timer.format(s) };
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Hide control row
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const row = btnClear.closest('.row');
+        if (row) row.style.display = 'none';
+    }
+
+    document.getElementById('btnStartPause').addEventListener('click', () => timer.toggle());
+    document.getElementById('btnReset').addEventListener('click', () => timer.reset());
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/utilities/common/gddwork.html b/pages/tools/utilities/common/gddwork.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f0c093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/utilities/common/gddwork.html
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+---
+permalink: utilities/common/gddwork
+title: Stopwatch
+description: "A simple stopwatch utility for tracking elapsed time."
+---
+
+<style>
+  /* Custom styles for the stopwatch display */
+  #res_time {
+    font-size: 3.5rem;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    letter-spacing: 2px;
+  }
+</style>
+
+{% capture tools_inputs %}
+<div class="d-flex justify-content-center flex-wrap gap-2 mb-2">
+    <button id="btnStartStop" class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary px-4">Start</button>
+    <button id="btnLap" class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary px-4" disabled style="display: none;">Lap</button>
+    <button id="btnReset" class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary px-4">Reset</button>
+</div>
+
+<div class="board" id="lapsCard" style="display: none; margin-top: 20px;">
+    <div class="boardtitle">Laps</div>
+    <div style="padding: 5px;">
+        <ul id="lapsList" class="list-group list-group-flush" style="max-height: 300px; overflow-y: auto;"></ul>
+    </div>
+</div>
+{% endcapture %}
+
+{% include tools.html %}
+
+<script>
+(function() {
+    const stats = {
+        time: { name: 'Elapsed Time', default: true }
+    };
+
+    const stopwatch = {
+        startTime: 0,
+        elapsed: 0,
+        interval: null,
+        running: false,
+        lapCount: 0,
+
+        toggle: function() {
+            if (this.running) {
+                this.stop();
+            } else {
+                this.start();
+            }
+        },
+
+        start: function() {
+            this.startTime = Date.now() - this.elapsed;
+            this.interval = setInterval(() => this.tick(), 10);
+            this.running = true;
+            this.updateUI();
+        },
+
+        stop: function() {
+            clearInterval(this.interval);
+            this.elapsed = Date.now() - this.startTime;
+            this.running = false;
+            this.updateUI();
+        },
+
+        reset: function() {
+            this.stop();
+            this.elapsed = 0;
+            this.lapCount = 0;
+            this.updateDisplay(0);
+            document.getElementById('lapsList').innerHTML = "";
+            document.getElementById('lapsCard').style.display = 'none';
+            this.updateUI();
+        },
+
+        lap: function() {
+            if (!this.running) return;
+            this.lapCount++;
+
+            const lapsCard = document.getElementById('lapsCard');
+            if (lapsCard.style.display === 'none') lapsCard.style.display = 'block';
+
+            const li = document.createElement('li');
+            li.className = 'list-group-item bg-transparent d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center lap-item';
+            li.innerHTML = `
+                <span class="fw-bold text-secondary">#${this.lapCount}</span>
+                <span class="fs-5">${this.format(Date.now() - this.startTime)}</span>
+            `;
+            document.getElementById('lapsList').prepend(li);
+        },
+
+        tick: function() {
+            const time = Date.now() - this.startTime;
+            this.updateDisplay(time);
+        },
+
+        updateDisplay: function(ms) {
+            if (stats.time && stats.time.valElement) {
+                stats.time.valElement.textContent = this.format(ms);
+            }
+        },
+
+        format: function(ms) {
+            const date = new Date(ms);
+            const m = date.getUTCMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            const s = date.getUTCSeconds().toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            const cs = Math.floor(date.getUTCMilliseconds() / 10).toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            const h = Math.floor(ms / 3600000).toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            return (h > 0 ? h + ':' : '') + `${m}:${s}.${cs}`;
+        },
+
+        updateUI: function() {
+            const btnStartStop = document.getElementById('btnStartStop');
+            const btnLap = document.getElementById('btnLap');
+
+            if (this.running) {
+                btnStartStop.textContent = "Stop";
+                btnStartStop.classList.replace('btn-primary', 'btn-danger');
+                btnLap.style.display = '';
+                btnLap.disabled = false;
+            } else {
+                btnStartStop.textContent = this.elapsed > 0 ? "Resume" : "Start";
+                btnStartStop.classList.replace('btn-danger', 'btn-primary');
+                btnLap.style.display = 'none';
+                btnLap.disabled = true;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    setupTool({
+        inputs: [],
+        stats: stats,
+        calculate: () => {
+            return { time: stopwatch.format(stopwatch.elapsed) };
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Hide the entire control row (Clear, Select Tiles, Help)
+    const btnClear = document.getElementById('btnClear');
+    if (btnClear) {
+        const controlRow = btnClear.closest('.row');
+        if (controlRow) controlRow.style.display = 'none';
+    }
+
+    // Event Listeners
+    document.getElementById('btnStartStop').addEventListener('click', () => stopwatch.toggle());
+    document.getElementById('btnLap').addEventListener('click', () => stopwatch.lap());
+    document.getElementById('btnReset').addEventListener('click', () => stopwatch.reset());
+})();
+</script>
diff --git a/pages/tools/utilities/common/index.html b/pages/tools/utilities/common/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e1e973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/utilities/common/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+permalink: utilities/common/
+title: Common Utilities
+description: "A collection of common utilities for clock and time tracking. Fast and easy-to-use tools for your everyday utility needs."
+---
diff --git a/pages/tools/utilities/index.html b/pages/tools/utilities/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7cc6f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pages/tools/utilities/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+permalink: utilities/
+title: Utilities
+description: "A collection of online utilities. Fast and easy-to-use tools for your everyday utility needs."
+---
diff --git a/setups/macos.py b/setups/macos.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dc72342..0000000
--- a/setups/macos.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""
-Author: Shubham Darda
-Description:
-    macOS convenience helpers for provisioning and running the GoDarda website locally.
-
-    This module provides an imperative, minimal wrapper around Homebrew package
-    management and the default startup flow used on macOS development hosts or CI.
-    It relies on the shared utilities module for environment validation, dependency
-    installation, cleanup, and server lifecycle.
-
-Guidelines / Operational notes:
-    - Intended for macOS only. Homebrew and its casks are required for many operations.
-    - Many commands will prompt for credentials or require elevated privileges
-      depending on the host configuration; run on trusted machines only.
-    - The "full" CLI flag (see utilities.py) enables destructive cleanup and full
-      provisioning. Use with caution.
-    - The script uses a lightweight internet check to gate long-running installs.
-
-Usage:
-    - Run from the repository root (or let utilities.py change into the repo root).
-    - To perform a full provisioning flow: python setups/macos.py full
-    - To only attempt to start the server: python setups/macos.py
-"""
-from utilities import *
-import subprocess  # subprocess is used for shell operations invoked below
-
-
-def install_packages():
-    """
-    Install system-level packages on macOS using Homebrew.
-
-    Behavior:
-    - Ensures Homebrew is available and installs it if absent.
-    - Defines a compact package set for CI and a broader set for local development.
-    - Installs GUI tools (VS Code, Julia) via Homebrew casks when appropriate.
-    - Installs CLI packages via `brew install`.
-    - Ensures the repository is present locally (clones if missing when running interactively).
-    - Delegates language-level dependency installation to install_dependencies() from utilities.
-
-    Safety:
-    - This function performs networked installs and may change system state.
-    - Review package lists before running in production-like environments.
-    """
-    # Ensure Homebrew is installed; if not, bootstrap it using the official installer.
-    # The check uses subprocess.call so a non-zero return value indicates Homebrew is missing.
-    if subprocess.call("brew --version", shell=True) != 0:
-        subprocess.run(
-            '/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"',
-            shell=True,
-        )
-
-    # Define package sets: minimal for CI, broader for local development.
-    if githubactions:
-        packages = ["ruby", "clisp", "rust", "freeglut", "nasm", "shc"]
-    else:
-        packages = [
-            "python3",
-            "git",
-            "openjdk",
-            "ruby",
-            "zlib",
-            "dotnet-sdk",
-            "r",
-            "octave",
-            "clisp",
-            "maxima",
-            "rust",
-            "freeglut",
-            "mysql",
-            "nasm",
-            "nmap",
-            "shc",
-            "finger",
-        ]
-
-        # GUI tools installed via Homebrew Cask when not already present.
-        # Using `brew list --cask` and `brew list` checks avoids reinstall attempts.
-        if subprocess.call("brew list --cask visual-studio-code >/dev/null 2>&1", shell=True) != 0:
-            subprocess.run("brew install --cask visual-studio-code", shell=True)
-        if subprocess.call("brew list julia >/dev/null 2>&1", shell=True) != 0:
-            subprocess.run("brew install julia", shell=True)
-
-    # Install each CLI package via Homebrew. Use subprocess.run in a loop to keep behavior simple.
-    for pkg in packages:
-        subprocess.run(f"brew install {pkg}", shell=True)
-
-    # On interactive/local runs ensure the repository exists; clone it if absent.
-    # We avoid cloning in CI to keep the job lean and predictable.
-    if not githubactions:
-        if repo not in os.getcwd():
-            subprocess.run("git clone https://github.com/godarda/godarda.github.io.git", shell=True)
-            os.chdir(target_dir + "/")
-
-    # Install language-level dependencies (Ruby gems, pip requirements, bundler).
-    # This delegates to utilities.install_dependencies(), keeping provisioning responsibilities separated.
-    install_dependencies()
-
-
-def main():
-    """
-    Entrypoint for the macOS setup flow.
-
-    Flow:
-    - If the "full" CLI flag is provided and the host has internet connectivity:
-        1) Run environment validation and optional destructive cleanup (ensure_setup_with_cleanup).
-        2) Install system packages via Homebrew (install_packages).
-        3) Start or build the Jekyll site (start_server).
-    - Otherwise, attempt only to start the site server (start_server).
-
-    Rationale:
-    - The internet connectivity check avoids wasted effort when offline.
-    - The "full" flag gates potentially destructive cleanup and heavy installs.
-    """
-    if full and is_internet_available():
-        ensure_setup_with_cleanup()
-        install_packages()
-        start_server()
-    else:
-        start_server()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/setups/requirements.txt b/setups/requirements.txt
index 1cb87c3..1562ab7 100644
--- a/setups/requirements.txt
+++ b/setups/requirements.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ pymongo
 PyMySQL
 pytest
 PyYAML
+requests
 scipy
-selenium
 toml
-webdriver-manager
-beautifulsoup4
\ No newline at end of file
+beautifulsoup4
diff --git a/setups/run.py b/setups/run.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd3ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/setups/run.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Setup Entry Point (setups/run.py)
+
+Purpose:
+This script serves as the central entry point for provisioning and running the
+GoDarda website environment. It detects the host operating system and orchestrates
+the setup process by invoking platform-specific logic and shared utilities.
+
+Key Features:
+1. OS Detection: Automatically identifies Windows, Linux (Ubuntu), or macOS.
+2. Setup Orchestration: Delegates system package installation to platform-specific functions.
+3. Repository Management: Clones the repository if missing during interactive runs.
+4. Unified Execution: Provides a single command to start the environment on all platforms.
+"""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+from utilities import CONFIG, orchestrate_setup
+
+
+def install_ubuntu_packages():
+    """
+    Install required system packages via APT and Snap.
+
+    Actions:
+        - Updates and upgrades APT packages.
+        - Installs defined package sets (CI vs Local).
+        - Installs Snap packages (VS Code, Julia) if available.
+        - Clones the repository if running interactively and not present.
+    """
+    # Update package metadata and upgrade installed packages
+    subprocess.run("sudo apt-get update -y", shell=True, check=True)
+    subprocess.run("sudo apt-get full-upgrade -y", shell=True, check=True)
+
+    # Define package sets depending on environment (local)
+    packages = (
+        "build-essential", "clisp", "dotnet-sdk-8.0", "finger", "freeglut3-dev",
+        "git-all", "lsof", "maxima", "mysql-server", "nasm",
+        "nmap", "octave", "openjdk-21-jdk", "openjdk-21-jre", "python3-pip",
+        "python3-venv", "r-base", "ruby-full", "rustc", "shc", "zlib1g-dev",
+    )
+
+    # Conditionally install snap packages only when snap is present
+    has_snap = subprocess.run("snap --version", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).returncode == 0
+    has_vscode = subprocess.run("code --version", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).returncode == 0
+    has_julia = subprocess.run("julia --version", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).returncode == 0
+
+    if has_snap and not has_vscode:
+        # Install VS Code via snap if not present
+        subprocess.run("sudo snap install --classic code", shell=True, check=True)
+    if has_snap and not has_julia:
+        # Install Julia via snap if not present
+        subprocess.run("sudo snap install julia --classic", shell=True, check=True)
+
+    # Install apt packages (best-effort). Use --ignore-missing to reduce failures.
+    subprocess.run(f"sudo apt-get -y --ignore-missing install {' '.join(packages)}", shell=True, check=True)
+
+
+def install_macos_packages():
+    """
+    Install required system packages via Homebrew.
+
+    Actions:
+        - Bootstraps Homebrew if missing.
+        - Installs defined package sets (CI vs Local).
+        - Installs GUI tools (VS Code, Julia) if missing.
+        - Clones the repository if running interactively and not present.
+    """
+    # Ensure Homebrew is installed; if not, bootstrap it using the official installer.
+    # The check uses subprocess.call so a non-zero return value indicates Homebrew is missing.
+    if subprocess.run("brew --version", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).returncode != 0:
+        subprocess.run(
+            '/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"',
+            shell=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+    # Define package sets: broader for local development.
+    packages = (
+        "clisp", "dotnet-sdk", "finger", "freeglut", "git",
+        "maxima", "mysql", "nasm", "nmap", "octave",
+        "openjdk", "python3", "r", "ruby", "rust",
+        "shc", "zlib",
+    )
+
+    # GUI tools installed via Homebrew Cask when not already present.
+    # Using `brew list --cask` and `brew list` checks avoids reinstall attempts.
+    if subprocess.run("brew list --cask visual-studio-code", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).returncode != 0:
+        subprocess.run("brew install --cask visual-studio-code", shell=True, check=True)
+    if subprocess.run("brew list julia", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).returncode != 0:
+        subprocess.run("brew install julia", shell=True, check=True)
+
+    # Install each CLI package via Homebrew. Use subprocess.run in a loop to keep behavior simple.
+    subprocess.run(f"brew install {' '.join(packages)}", shell=True, check=True)
+
+
+def main():
+    """
+    Identify the OS and execute the matching setup logic.
+    """
+
+    # On interactive/local runs ensure the repository exists; clone it if absent.
+    if CONFIG.REPO_NAME not in os.getcwd():
+        subprocess.run("git clone https://github.com/godarda/godarda.github.io.git", shell=True, check=True)
+        if os.path.isdir(CONFIG.REPO_NAME):
+            os.chdir(CONFIG.REPO_NAME)
+
+    system_installer = None
+
+    if CONFIG.OS_NAME == "Linux":
+        system_installer = install_ubuntu_packages
+    elif CONFIG.OS_NAME == "Darwin":
+        system_installer = install_macos_packages
+    elif CONFIG.OS_NAME == "Windows":
+        pass
+    else:
+        print(f"Error: Unsupported operating system '{CONFIG.OS_NAME}'.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    orchestrate_setup(system_installer)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/setups/ubuntu.py b/setups/ubuntu.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4932859..0000000
--- a/setups/ubuntu.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""
-Author: Shubham Darda
-Description:
-    Ubuntu convenience helpers for provisioning and running the GoDarda website locally.
-
-    This module provides a small wrapper around system package installation and the
-    default startup flow used on Ubuntu-based development hosts or CI runners.
-    It intentionally keeps behavior imperative and minimal — it invokes system package
-    managers (apt/snap) and relies on the shared utilities module for environment
-    validation, dependency installation, cleanup and server lifecycle.
-
-    Safety / operational notes:
-    - Many commands in this script require elevated privileges (sudo). Run only on
-      trusted machines and review commands before execution.
-    - This script is tailored to Ubuntu/Debian environments. Do not run on other
-      distributions without adjusting package names and package manager calls.
-    - The script uses a basic "full" CLI flag and a lightweight internet check to
-      decide whether to perform a complete provisioning flow vs. only starting the server.
-
-Usage:
-    - Run from the repository root (or let utilities.py change into the repo root).
-    - To perform a full provisioning flow: python3 setups/ubuntu.py full
-    - To only attempt to start the server: python3 setups/ubuntu.py
-
-"""
-
-from utilities import *
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-
-def install_packages():
-    """
-    Install system-level packages required to build and serve the site on Ubuntu.
-
-    Behavior:
-    - Performs an apt update and full-upgrade to ensure package metadata is current.
-    - Installs a curated list of packages. The list is narrower in CI (githubactions)
-      to reduce runtime and avoid interactive installs; for local development a
-      broader set of developer tools is installed.
-    - Uses snap to install Visual Studio Code and Julia when available on the host
-      and not already installed.
-    - If not running inside GitHub Actions and the repository is missing locally,
-      the repository will be cloned and the working directory adjusted.
-    - Delegates Ruby/Python gem and pip installs to install_dependencies() from utilities.
-
-    Important:
-    - All apt/snap commands use system calls that will require sudo. The caller of
-      this function must be prepared to provide credentials or run the script with sudo.
-    - The function deliberately tolerates missing packages via --ignore-missing and
-      continues on best-effort.
-    """
-    # Update package metadata and upgrade installed packages
-    os.system("sudo apt-get update -y")
-    os.system("sudo apt-get full-upgrade -y")
-
-    # Define package sets depending on environment (CI vs local)
-    if githubactions:
-        packages = "ruby-full clisp rustc freeglut3-dev nasm shc"
-    else:
-        packages = (
-            "python3-pip git-all openjdk-21-jre openjdk-21-jdk ruby-full "
-            "build-essential zlib1g-dev dotnet-sdk-8.0 r-base octave clisp maxima "
-            "rustc freeglut3-dev mysql-server nasm nmap shc finger"
-        )
-
-        # Conditionally install snap packages only when snap is present
-        snap = os.system("snap --version > /dev/null")
-        vscode = os.system("code --version > /dev/null")
-        julia = os.system("julia --version > /dev/null")
-        if snap == 0 and vscode != 0:
-            # Install VS Code via snap if not present
-            os.system("sudo snap install --classic code")
-        if snap == 0 and julia != 0:
-            # Install Julia via snap if not present
-            os.system("sudo snap install julia --classic")
-
-    # Install apt packages (best-effort). Use --ignore-missing to reduce failures.
-    cmd = "sudo apt-get -y --ignore-missing install "
-    for pkg in packages.split():
-        command = str(cmd) + str(pkg)
-        subprocess.run(command.split())
-
-    # On interactive/local runs ensure the repo exists; clone it if absent.
-    if not githubactions:
-        if repo not in os.getcwd():
-            os.system("git clone https://github.com/godarda/godarda.github.io.git")
-            os.chdir(target_dir + "/")
-
-    # Install language-level dependencies (Ruby gems, pip requirements, bundler)
-    install_dependencies()
-
-
-def main():
-    """
-    Entrypoint for the Ubuntu setup flow.
-
-    Flow:
-    - If the "full" CLI flag was provided and basic internet connectivity is available:
-        1) Run environment validation and destructive cleanup (ensure_setup_with_cleanup).
-        2) Install required system packages (install_packages).
-        3) Start or build the Jekyll site (start_server).
-    - Otherwise only attempt to start the server (start_server).
-
-    Rationale:
-    - The internet check prevents long-running package installs when offline.
-    - The "full" flag gates potentially destructive cleanup operations and heavy installs.
-    """
-    if full and is_internet_available():
-        ensure_setup_with_cleanup()
-        install_packages()
-        start_server()
-    else:
-        start_server()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/setups/utilities.py b/setups/utilities.py
index 8db3c91..fa6bcc9 100644
--- a/setups/utilities.py
+++ b/setups/utilities.py
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Author: Shubham Darda
+Setup Utilities (setups/utilities.py)
+
 Purpose:
-    Helper utilities to set up and run the GoDarda static site locally (development/CI).
-    This module provides environment validation, dependency installation helpers,
-    lightweight cleanup routines and a convenience function to start the Jekyll server.
-
-Guidelines:
-    - Keep logic platform-aware (Windows vs POSIX).
-    - Keep CLI-friendly behavior: inspect sys.argv for a "full" flag to enable full install/cleanup flows.
-    - Minimal external side-effects unless explicitly requested (e.g. deleting git-ignored files when in repo root).
+This module provides shared utilities for setting up and managing the
+GoDarda static site locally. It includes platform-aware helpers for
+environment validation, dependency installation, and server management.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Environment Validation: Checks Python version and disk space.
+2. Dependency Management: Installs Python and Ruby dependencies.
+3. Artifact Cleanup: Removes git-ignored files and build artifacts.
+4. Server Management: Handles Jekyll server lifecycle and port management.
 """
 
 import os
@@ -19,42 +21,43 @@
 import socket
 import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class EnvironmentConfig:
+    OS_NAME: str
+    REPO_NAME: str
+    REPO_ROOT: Path
+    PERFORM_FULL_SETUP: bool
+
 
-# Determine OS name once for reuse (used by run_command/install logic)
-os_name = platform.system()
+def initialize_config() -> EnvironmentConfig:
+    os_name = platform.system()
+    repo_name = "godarda.github.io"
 
-# Detect GitHub Actions environment to alter behavior (e.g. build instead of serve)
-githubactions = os.getenv("GITHUB_ACTIONS", "").lower() == "true"
+    # If script not already executed from repo root, attempt to change into that directory.
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
+    if cwd.name == repo_name:
+        repo_root = cwd
+    else:
+        repo_root = cwd / repo_name
+        if repo_root.exists():
+            os.chdir(repo_root)
 
-# GitHub repository name
-repo = "godarda.github.io"
+    perform_full_setup = any(arg.lower() in ("full", "-full", "--full") for arg in sys.argv[1:])
 
-# If script not already executed from repo root, attempt to change into that directory.
-# This is a convenience for running the script from other locations in CI or local shells.
-target_dir = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), repo)
-if repo not in os.getcwd():
-    os.chdir(target_dir)
+    return EnvironmentConfig(os_name, repo_name, repo_root, perform_full_setup)
 
-# "full" CLI flag enables additional install/cleanup behavior (e.g. remove ignored files,
-# perform dependency installs). Case-insensitive. Recognizes "full", "-full", "--full".
-full = any(arg.lower() in ("full", "-full", "--full") for arg in sys.argv[1:])
+CONFIG = initialize_config()
 
 
 def is_internet_available():
     """
-    Quick network check to determine if the host has internet access.
-
-    Strategy:
-        Attempt to open a TCP connection to well-known public DNS endpoints (Google/Cloudflare)
-        on DNS port 53. If a connection to at least one host succeeds within the timeout,
-        return True. Otherwise return False.
+    Verify internet connectivity by connecting to public DNS endpoints.
 
     Returns:
-        bool: True when the internet appears reachable, False otherwise.
-
-    Note:
-        This is a lightweight connectivity check and not a full HTTP probe. It is intended
-        only to gate actions that require network access (e.g. package installs).
+        bool: True if reachable, False otherwise.
     """
     test_hosts = [("8.8.8.8", 53), ("1.1.1.1", 53)]  # Google DNS, Cloudflare DNS
 
@@ -63,86 +66,74 @@ def is_internet_available():
             socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=3)
             return True
         except OSError:
-            # Try the next host; a single host being unreachable does not imply no internet.
             continue
     return False
 
 
-def ensure_setup_with_cleanup():
+def check_system_requirements():
     """
-    Validate environment and perform optional cleanup.
-
-    Actions performed:
-    - Enforce minimum Python version (>= 3.7).
-    - Verify at least 2 GB free disk space in the current working directory.
-    - When executed from the repository root and a ".gitignore" exists:
-        - Remove each path listed in .gitignore (files or directories). This is intended
-          for local development when a full reset is desired.
-    - Remove the generated "_site" directory located at repo_parent/_site when present.
-    - Detect if TCP port 4000 is in use and attempt to free it using a platform-appropriate command.
-
-    Safety notes:
-    - Deletions use shutil.rmtree with ignore_errors=True where applicable. Use with care:
-      this function performs destructive operations when run from the repo root.
-    - Port cleanup uses shell commands and may require privileges (e.g. sudo on Unix).
+    Validate system requirements (Python version >= 3.7, Disk space >= 2GB).
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if requirements are met, False otherwise.
     """
-    # Validate minimum Python version
     if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
         print("Python 3.7 or later is required for setup.")
-        return
+        return False
 
-    # Ensure at least 2 GB of free disk space in current working directory
     total, used, free = shutil.disk_usage(os.getcwd())
     freedisk_gb = free // (2**30)
     if freedisk_gb < 2:
         print(f"Insufficient disk space: only {freedisk_gb} GB free. Minimum 2 GB required.")
-        return
-
-    # If we are at repository root, perform .gitignore-based cleanup and remove _site
-    current_dir = os.path.basename(os.getcwd())
-    if current_dir == repo:
-        ignore_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), ".gitignore"))
-        if os.path.exists(ignore_path):
-            # Read each non-empty line and attempt to remove the referenced path.
-            # This is a best-effort cleanup; failures are tolerated.
-            with open(ignore_path, "r") as ignore_file:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def cleanup_artifacts():
+    """
+    Remove git-ignored files and generated site artifacts (_site).
+    """
+    if Path.cwd().name == CONFIG.REPO_NAME:
+        ignore_path = Path.cwd() / ".gitignore"
+        if ignore_path.exists():
+            with ignore_path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as ignore_file:
                 for line in ignore_file:
                     target = line.strip()
-                    if not target:
+                    if not target or target.startswith("#"):
                         continue
-                    abs_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), target))
-                    if os.path.isdir(abs_path):
+                    abs_path = Path.cwd() / target
+                    if abs_path.is_dir():
                         shutil.rmtree(abs_path, ignore_errors=True)
-                    elif os.path.isfile(abs_path):
+                    elif abs_path.is_file():
                         try:
-                            os.remove(abs_path)
+                            abs_path.unlink()
                         except Exception:
                             # Silently ignore removal errors to avoid interrupting setup flow.
                             pass
 
-        # Remove _site directory one level up if present (common Jekyll output location)
-        site_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "..", "_site"))
-        if os.path.isdir(site_path):
+        site_path = Path.cwd().parent / "_site"
+        if site_path.is_dir():
             shutil.rmtree(site_path, ignore_errors=True)
 
-    # Check if port 4000 is currently in use (Jekyll default). If in use, attempt to free it.
+
+def release_port():
+    """
+    Identify and terminate processes using TCP port 4000.
+    """
     with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:
         port_in_use = sock.connect_ex(('localhost', 4000)) == 0
 
     if port_in_use:
-        system = platform.system().lower()
+        system = CONFIG.OS_NAME.lower()
 
-        # Build platform-specific command to kill the process using port 4000.
-        # These commands are executed via the shell and may require elevated privileges.
         if system in ("linux", "darwin"):
-            cmd = "sudo kill -9 $(sudo lsof -t -i:4000) 2>/dev/null"
+            cmd = "pid=$(sudo lsof -t -i:4000 2>/dev/null); if [ -n \"$pid\" ]; then sudo kill -9 $pid; fi"
         elif system == "windows":
             cmd = 'for /f "tokens=5" %a in (\'netstat -aon ^| find ":4000"\') do taskkill /f /pid %a'
         else:
             print(f"Unsupported platform: {system}. Skipping port cleanup.")
             cmd = None
 
-        # Execute cleanup command if applicable and report non-zero exit codes.
         if cmd:
             exit_code = os.system(cmd)
             if exit_code != 0:
@@ -151,18 +142,15 @@ def ensure_setup_with_cleanup():
 
 def run_command(cmd, shell=True, check=True, sudo=False):
     """
-    Wrapper around subprocess.run for running short shell commands.
+    Execute a shell command with optional sudo elevation.
 
-    Parameters:
+    Args:
         cmd (str): Command to be executed.
         shell (bool): Whether to execute the command through the shell.
         check (bool): If True, exit the process on non-zero return codes.
         sudo (bool): If True and not on Windows, prefix the command with "sudo".
-
-    Behavior:
-        - Prints an error and exits with the subprocess return code if check is True and the command fails.
     """
-    if sudo and os_name != "Windows":
+    if sudo and CONFIG.OS_NAME != "Windows":
         cmd = f"sudo {cmd}"
     result = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=shell)
     if check and result.returncode != 0:
@@ -170,104 +158,72 @@ def run_command(cmd, shell=True, check=True, sudo=False):
         sys.exit(result.returncode)
 
 
-def install_dependencies():
+def install_python_dependencies():
     """
-    Install required Python and Ruby dependencies for local development.
-
-    Steps:
-        - Install Python packages from setups/requirements.txt into the user environment.
-          On non-Windows platforms, include flags to avoid interfering with system packages.
-        - Install/upgrade RubyGems, Bundler and perform bundler install/update steps.
-        - Configure bundle to install into vendor/bundle so site-local gems are used.
-
-    Notes:
-        - Many commands here are executed with elevated privileges (sudo) on POSIX systems.
-          Ensure the executing user has appropriate permissions.
-        - This function assumes Ruby and the gem/bundle tools are already available on PATH.
+    Install Python dependencies from requirements.txt into a virtual environment.
     """
-    # Python dependencies
-    pip_cmd = "pip install --user --upgrade -r setups/requirements.txt"
-    if os_name != "Windows":
-        pip_cmd += " --break-system-packages --no-warn-script-location"
+    venv_dir = Path.cwd() / ".venv"
+    if not venv_dir.exists():
+        print(f"Creating virtual environment in {venv_dir}...")
+        subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "venv", str(venv_dir)], check=True)
+
+    if CONFIG.OS_NAME == "Windows":
+        pip_exe = venv_dir / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"
+    else:
+        pip_exe = venv_dir / "bin" / "pip"
+
+    run_command(f'"{pip_exe}" install --upgrade pip')
+    pip_cmd = f'"{pip_exe}" install --upgrade -r setups/requirements.txt'
     run_command(pip_cmd)
 
-    # RubyGems and bundler installation/update
+
+def install_ruby_dependencies():
+    """
+    Install Ruby dependencies (Gems, Bundler) and configure the bundle.
+    """
     run_command("gem install rubygems-update", sudo=True)
     run_command("update_rubygems", sudo=True)
     run_command("gem install bundler", sudo=True)
 
-    # Configure bundler to use vendor/bundle and run bundle install/update flows
-    if subprocess.run("bundle config set --local path vendor/bundle", shell=True).returncode == 0:
+    if subprocess.run("bundle config set --local path .vendor/bundle", shell=True).returncode == 0:
         run_command("bundle install")
-        run_command("bundle update --bundler")
-        run_command("bundle update --all")
     else:
         print("Failed to set bundle config.")
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
-def clean_pycache(cache_path: str | None = None) -> None:
+def orchestrate_setup(system_installer=None):
     """
-    Remove a __pycache__ directory.
-
-    If cache_path is provided:
-        - If cache_path points to a __pycache__ directory it will be removed.
-        - If cache_path points to a parent directory, the function will remove its __pycache__ child.
-    If cache_path is None, the function removes the __pycache__ directory adjacent to this file.
+    Execute the full setup workflow: checks, cleanup, installations, and server start.
 
-    Exceptions are caught and printed as warnings (non-fatal).
+    Args:
+        system_installer (callable, optional): Platform-specific function to install system packages.
     """
-    try:
-        p = (
-            Path(cache_path)
-            if cache_path
-            else Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "__pycache__"
-        )
-        # If caller passed a parent folder (not named __pycache__), remove its __pycache__ child
-        if p.name != "__pycache__":
-            p = p / "__pycache__"
-        if p.exists():
-            shutil.rmtree(p)
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Cleanup warning (could not remove {cache_path or 'default'}): {e}")
+    if CONFIG.PERFORM_FULL_SETUP and is_internet_available():
+        if check_system_requirements():
+            cleanup_artifacts()
+            release_port()
 
+        if system_installer:
+            system_installer()
 
-def start_server():
-    """
-    Start or build the Jekyll site.
+        install_python_dependencies()
+        install_ruby_dependencies()
+
+    start_jekyll_server()
 
-    Behavior:
-        - Cleans local __pycache__ directory.
-        - Runs 'bundle exec jekyll serve' to start a local dev server.
 
-    Error handling:
-        - KeyboardInterrupt is swallowed to allow graceful Ctrl-C.
-        - subprocess.CalledProcessError prints the failing command and exit code.
-        - Any other exception prints a helpful note suggesting the 'full' flag and internet connectivity.
+def start_jekyll_server():
+    """
+    Start the Jekyll development server.
     """
-    clean_pycache()
     try:
-        def run_cmd(cmd):
-            """
-            Helper to run a command and return its stdout decoded to UTF-8.
-
-            Exits the process with a helpful message if the command fails.
-            """
-            try:
-                output = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-                return output.decode("utf-8").strip()
-            except Exception:
-                print("Run this script with 'full' to install all resources - make sure you're connected to the internet.")
-                sys.exit(1)
         subprocess.run("bundle exec jekyll serve", shell=True, check=True)
 
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
-        # Allow clean exit on Ctrl-C during local serve
         pass
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        # Report failing external command and its exit code
         print(f"\nCommand failed: {e.cmd}\nExit code: {e.returncode}")
     except Exception as e:
-        # Generic catch-all with guidance for remediation
         print(f"\nUnable to start the Jekyll server: {e}")
         print("Run this script with 'full' to install all resources - make sure you're connected to the internet.")
diff --git a/setups/windows.py b/setups/windows.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f8c29b..0000000
--- a/setups/windows.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-"""
-Author: Shubham Darda
-Description:
-    Windows convenience entrypoint for provisioning and running the GoDarda website locally.
-
-    This module exposes a minimal, Windows-focused startup flow. It delegates core
-    responsibilities to the shared utilities module (utilities.py) and intentionally
-    keeps logic small: validate environment / perform optional full provisioning,
-    then start or build the Jekyll site.
-
-Operational notes:
-    - The "full" CLI flag (see utilities.py) enables a more comprehensive flow:
-        * ensure_setup_with_cleanup()   - environment validation and optional cleanup
-        * install_dependencies()        - language/package dependency installation
-        * start_server()                - start or build the Jekyll site
-      When "full" is not provided, the script only attempts to start the server.
-    - Many dependency installation steps may require elevated privileges or additional
-      Windows tooling (e.g. Chocolatey, Ruby, Bundler). Review utilities.install_dependencies()
-      for platform-specific behavior.
-    - This file is intentionally small and defers heavy lifting to utilities to keep
-      platform differences consolidated and maintainable.
-
-Usage:
-    - Run from the repository root (or let utilities.py change into the repo root).
-    - To perform a full provisioning flow: python setups/windows.py full
-    - To only attempt to start the server: python setups/windows.py
-
-Safety:
-    - The "full" flow may remove files or alter the system environment. Run only on
-      trusted machines and review commands before execution.
-"""
-from utilities import *
-
-
-def main():
-    """
-    Windows setup entrypoint.
-
-    Behavior:
-    - If the 'full' CLI flag is present and basic internet connectivity is available:
-        perform environment validation, install dependencies, then start/build the site.
-    - Otherwise, only attempt to start the Jekyll server.
-
-    The function intentionally performs minimal control flow and relies on utilities
-    for platform-specific operations and safety checks.
-    """
-    if full and is_internet_available():
-        ensure_setup_with_cleanup()
-        install_dependencies()
-        start_server()
-    else:
-        start_server()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/compile.py b/tests/compile.py
index 9a9b7db..989b5c2 100644
--- a/tests/compile.py
+++ b/tests/compile.py
@@ -1,28 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Author: Shubham Darda
+Code Compilation Test Script (tests/compile.py)
 
 Purpose:
-    Extract highlighted code blocks from generated HTML pages and perform a
-    best-effort compile or syntax-check for supported languages during CI runs.
-
-Description:
-    This test helper is used by the GoDarda site's automated tooling. It:
-      - Parses generated HTML produced by the static site generator.
-      - Writes highlighted code blocks to temporary source files with a small
-        comment header (including detected toolchain version and page title).
-      - Attempts compilation or syntax-only checks on macOS and Ubuntu CI
-        runners, recording outcomes in utilities.stats for consolidated reports.
-
-    The compilation step is intentionally lightweight and non-destructive.
-    Compiler selection and comment styles are driven by LANGUAGE_STYLES and
-    heuristics defined in the module.
-
-Guidelines:
-    - Keep functions focused, readable and deterministic for CI logs.
-    - Use utilities.config and utilities.stats for shared configuration and counters.
-    - Avoid side-effects outside the provided destination directory.
-    - Prefer minimal, stable external calls when probing toolchain versions.
+This script extracts and compiles code snippets from generated HTML pages to
+ensure that code examples in the documentation are syntactically valid. It
+handles parsing, file generation, and toolchain invocation.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Extraction: Parses HTML files to locate code blocks.
+2. Preparation: Writes code to temporary source files with appropriate headers.
+3. Validation: Attempts to compile or syntax-check snippets using installed toolchains.
 """
 
 import os
@@ -30,11 +18,10 @@
 import sys
 import subprocess
 from typing import Tuple, Optional
-from utilities import config, stats, load_expected_data
+from utilities import CONFIG, STATS, load_expected_data
 
-# Mapping of extensions to comment styles and a lightweight "version" check
-# command used when building file headers. Keep this mapping in sync with the
-# languages supported by the site's code highlighter.
+# Configuration mapping for supported file extensions.
+# Defines the comment syntax and the command to retrieve the compiler version.
 LANGUAGE_STYLES = {
     '.asm':  {'comment': ';',    'compiler': ['nasm', '-v']},
     '.c':    {'comment': '//',   'compiler': ['gcc', '--version']},
@@ -51,12 +38,13 @@
 
 def extract_code_block(html: str) -> Optional[str]:
     """
-    Extract the raw code block text from an HTML file.
+    Extracts the raw code block text from the provided HTML content.
 
-    The site's templates wrap highlighted code in:
-      <pre class="code">{%- highlight <lang> -%}} ... {%- endhighlight -%}</pre>
+    Args:
+        html: The HTML content string.
 
-    Returns the inner text when found, otherwise None.
+    Returns:
+        The extracted code string if found, otherwise None.
     """
     match = re.search(r'<pre class="code">(.+?){%- endhighlight -%}</pre>', html, flags=re.DOTALL)
     return match.group(1) if match else None
@@ -64,20 +52,24 @@ def extract_code_block(html: str) -> Optional[str]:
 
 def get_compiler(extension: str, path: list) -> Tuple[str, str]:
     """
-    Return (compiler_command, extra_args) appropriate for the file extension.
+    Determines the appropriate compiler command and arguments for a given file extension.
 
-    The `path` parameter is the split URL path from the site's expected data
-    and is used for language-specific heuristics (for example, OpenGL linking).
+    Args:
+        extension: The file extension (e.g., '.cpp').
+        path: The URL path segments, used for applying specific compilation flags.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple containing the compiler command and any additional arguments.
     """
     args = ""
     if extension == ".asm":
-        compiler = "nasm -fmacho64" if config.is_macos else "nasm -felf64"
+        compiler = "nasm -fmacho64" if CONFIG.OS_NAME == "macOS" else "nasm -felf64"
     elif extension == ".cpp":
         compiler = "g++"
         if path[1] == "opengl":
-            args = " -framework OpenGL -framework GLUT" if config.is_macos else " -lGL -lGLU -lglut"
+            args = " -framework OpenGL -framework GLUT" if CONFIG.OS_NAME == "macOS" else " -lGL -lGLU -lglut"
         elif path[0] == "cg":
-            args = " -lgraph" if config.is_ubuntu else ""
+            args = " -lgraph" if CONFIG.OS_NAME == "Ubuntu" else ""
     elif extension == ".java":
         compiler = "javac"
     elif extension == ".sh":
@@ -95,11 +87,15 @@ def get_compiler(extension: str, path: list) -> Tuple[str, str]:
 
 def build_header_block(file_path: str, file_name: str, extension: str) -> str:
     """
-    Construct a small comment header that is prepended to generated source files.
+    Generates a comment header for the source file.
+
+    Args:
+        file_path: Path to the original HTML file (used to extract the title).
+        file_name: The base name of the file.
+        extension: The file extension.
 
-    The header includes a detected compiler/tool version, the original page title,
-    author and license metadata. The comment style is selected based on the
-    file extension using LANGUAGE_STYLES.
+    Returns:
+        A formatted string containing metadata about the file and toolchain.
     """
     style = LANGUAGE_STYLES.get(extension)
     cmd = style.get('compiler', []) if style else []
@@ -129,86 +125,91 @@ def build_header_block(file_path: str, file_name: str, extension: str) -> str:
     return '\n'.join(lines)
 
 
-def attempt_compilation(source_file: str, html_input: str, compiler: str, subpath: str, file_name: str, extension: str, args: str) -> None:
+def attempt_compilation(source_file: str, html_content: str, compiler: str, output_dir: str, file_name: str, extension: str, args: str) -> None:
     """
-    Write extracted code to disk with a header and attempt to compile or syntax-check it.
+    Extracts code, writes it to disk, and attempts compilation.
 
-    Successful compilations increment stats.compiled; failures are recorded in
-    stats.uncompiled_entries and increment stats.uncompiled. All exceptions are
-    caught and printed so the caller can continue processing other entries.
+    Updates the global stats object with the result (compiled/uncompiled).
+    Exceptions are caught and logged to allow the process to continue.
     """
     try:
-        output = extract_code_block(html_input)
+        output = extract_code_block(html_content)
         if not output:
             return
 
-        os.makedirs(subpath, exist_ok=True)
-        file_path = os.path.join(subpath, file_name + extension)
+        os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        file_path = os.path.join(output_dir, file_name + extension)
 
         header = build_header_block(source_file, file_name, extension)
         with open(file_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             f.write(header + "\n" + output)
 
-        # Remove first non-header line (preserves header and rest of file)
+        # Remove the first line after the header to clean up potential formatting artifacts.
         with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             lines = f.readlines()
         header_end = next((i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if line.strip() == ""), 0)
         with open(file_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             f.writelines(lines[:header_end+1] + lines[header_end+2:])
 
-        if config.is_macos or config.is_ubuntu:
+        if CONFIG.OS_NAME in ("macOS", "Ubuntu"):
             try:
                 cmd = f"{compiler} {file_path}{args}"
+                if compiler in ["gcc", "g++"]:
+                    cmd += " -o /dev/null"
                 subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
-                stats.compiled += 1
+                STATS.compiled += 1
             except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                stats.uncompiled_entries.append(subpath + file_name)
-                stats.uncompiled += 1
+                STATS.uncompiled_entries.append(os.path.join(output_dir, file_name))
+                STATS.uncompiled += 1
 
     except Exception as exc:
-        print(exc)
+        print(f"Failed to process {file_name}{extension}: {exc}")
 
 
 def compile_snippets(source: str, destination: str) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]:
     """
-    Main entry point to scan expected site pages and attempt compilation for
-    supported languages.
+    Scans the source directory for HTML files and attempts to compile extracted code snippets.
 
-    Returns a tuple (compiled_count, uncompiled_count) when run on supported OSes,
-    otherwise returns None.
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of (compiled_count, uncompiled_count) if the OS is supported,
+        otherwise None.
     """
-    if not (config.is_macos or config.is_ubuntu):
+    if CONFIG.OS_NAME not in ("macOS", "Ubuntu"):
         print("Code compilation only supported on macOS or Ubuntu Linux.")
         return None
 
-    os.makedirs(destination, exist_ok=True)
+    # Use absolute path for destination
+    destination_path = os.path.abspath(destination)
+    os.makedirs(destination_path, exist_ok=True)
+
+    paths = load_expected_data(CONFIG.DATAPATH)
     original_cwd = os.getcwd()
-    try:
-        os.chdir(destination)
-        paths = load_expected_data(config.datapath)
 
+    try:
+        os.chdir(destination_path)
         for entry in paths:
             url = entry.get("url")
             if not url or url.count("/") != 2:
                 continue
 
             path = url.split("/")
-            subpath = f"{path[0]}/{path[1]}/"
-            os.makedirs(subpath, exist_ok=True)
+            # Create absolute output directory path
+            output_dir = os.path.join(destination_path, path[0], path[1])
+            os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
 
             source_file = None
-            # Search for the url in the subdirectories of `source`
+            # Locate the corresponding HTML file in the source directory structure.
             for folder in os.listdir(source):
                 sub_source_dir = os.path.join(source, folder)
                 if os.path.isdir(sub_source_dir):
                     potential_path = os.path.join(sub_source_dir, url + ".html")
                     if os.path.exists(potential_path):
                         source_file = potential_path
-                        break  # Found it, stop searching subdirectories
+                        break
             if not source_file:
-                continue  # This URL doesn't correspond to any file, skip it
+                continue
             with open(source_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                html_input = f.read()
+                html_content = f.read()
 
             for lang, ext in {
                     "c": ".c",
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ def compile_snippets(source: str, destination: str) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]
                     "shell": ".sh"
                 }.items():
 
-                if f'<pre class="code">{{%- highlight {lang} -%}}' in html_input:
+                if f'<pre class="code">{{%- highlight {lang} -%}}' in html_content:
                     if ext == ".java" and path[0] != "java":
                         continue
                     if ext == ".java" and path[1] == "jdbc":
@@ -228,9 +229,9 @@ def compile_snippets(source: str, destination: str) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]
                     if ext == ".cpp" and path[0] == "cg" and path[1] != "opengl":
                         continue
                     compiler, args = get_compiler(ext, path)
-                    attempt_compilation(source_file, html_input, compiler, subpath, path[2], ext, args)
+                    attempt_compilation(source_file, html_content, compiler, output_dir, path[2], ext, args)
                     break
     finally:
         os.chdir(original_cwd)
 
-    return stats.compiled, stats.uncompiled
\ No newline at end of file
+    return STATS.compiled, STATS.uncompiled
diff --git a/tests/report.py b/tests/report.py
index 00df89d..1699f5f 100644
--- a/tests/report.py
+++ b/tests/report.py
@@ -1,36 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Author: Shubham Darda
+Test Reporting Utilities (tests/report.py)
 
 Purpose:
-    Reporting helpers used by the automated test suite for the GoDarda website.
-
-Description:
-    This module centralizes functionality that prints consolidated, human-readable
-    reports for CI and local runs. Reports include:
-      - Title verification results (matched / unmatched)
-      - Code compilation outcomes (passed / failed)
-      - Installed toolchain and browser versions
-
-    Reports are intentionally concise and formatted for readability in CI logs.
-    Keep output deterministic and avoid side-effects beyond printing.
-
-Guidelines:
-    - Keep functions focused and easy to read.
-    - Use the utilities.stats object for shared test counters.
-    - Prefer stable, minimal external calls when probing the environment (used
-      by get_all_versions).
+This module handles the generation of console reports for the test suite.
+It summarizes test execution statistics, details failures, and lists
+installed development tool versions.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Statistics: Displays pass/fail counts for title verification and compilation.
+2. Diagnostics: Lists specific unmatched titles or uncompiled files.
+3. Environment: Reports versions of installed compilers and tools.
 """
 
 import subprocess
 import platform
-from utilities import stats
+from utilities import STATS, CONFIG
 
 
 def get_version(cmd: str) -> str:
     """
-    Execute a shell command to retrieve a tool's version.
-    Returns the trimmed stdout on success or a standardized error message on failure.
+    Retrieves the version string of a tool by executing a shell command.
+
+    Returns:
+        The version string if successful, otherwise a default error message.
     """
     try:
         result = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
@@ -46,8 +39,9 @@ def get_version(cmd: str) -> str:
 
 def get_all_versions(os_name: str) -> dict:
     """
-    Retrieve versions of common development tools and browsers across Ubuntu and macOS.
+    Collects version information for common development tools.
     """
+    versions = {"OS": platform.platform()}
     tools = {
         "gcc/g++": "g++ --version",
         "Rust": "rustc --version",
@@ -58,33 +52,21 @@ def get_all_versions(os_name: str) -> dict:
         "Gem": "gem -v",
         "Bundler": "bundler -v",
         "Jekyll": "bundle exec jekyll -v",
-        "Chrome": (
-            "google-chrome --version"
-            if os_name == "Linux"
-            else "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome --version"
-        ),
-        "Safari": (
-            "defaults read /Applications/Safari.app/Contents/Info CFBundleShortVersionString"
-            if os_name == "Darwin"
-            else None
-        ),
     }
 
-    return {tool: get_version(cmd) for tool, cmd in tools.items()}
+    for tool, cmd in tools.items():
+        versions[tool] = get_version(cmd)
+    return versions
 
 
 def print_report(
-    matched: int, unmatched: int, passed: int, failed: int, browser: str
+    matched: int, unmatched: int, passed: int, failed: int
 ) -> None:
     """
-    Generate and print a consolidated report including:
-      1. Title verification results
-      2. Compilation outcomes
-      3. Installed toolchain and browser versions
+    Generates and prints the final test execution report.
     """
     total_urls = matched + unmatched
     total_files = passed + failed
-    os_name = platform.system()
 
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Title Verification Report
@@ -93,18 +75,18 @@ def print_report(
         print("\nTitle Verification Report")
         print("-" * 100)
 
-        if stats.unmatched:
+        if STATS.unmatched:
             print(f"{'Status':<10} {'URL':<32} {'Expected Title'}")
             print("-" * 100)
-            for url, title in stats.unmatched_entries:
+            for url, title in STATS.unmatched_entries:
                 print(f"\033[91m{'Unmatched':<10}\033[0m {url:<32} {title}")
             print("-" * 100)
         else:
             print("All page titles matched expected values.")
 
         print(f"{'Total URLs Checked':<25}: {total_urls}")
-        print(f"{'Titles Matched':<25}: \033[92m{stats.matched}\033[0m")
-        print(f"{'Titles Unmatched':<25}: \033[91m{stats.unmatched}\033[0m")
+        print(f"{'Titles Matched':<25}: \033[92m{STATS.matched}\033[0m")
+        print(f"{'Titles Unmatched':<25}: \033[91m{STATS.unmatched}\033[0m")
 
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Code Compilation Report
@@ -113,10 +95,10 @@ def print_report(
         print("\nCode Compilation Report")
         print("-" * 100)
 
-        if stats.uncompiled:
+        if STATS.uncompiled:
             print(f"{'Status':<10} {'File':<10}")
             print("-" * 100)
-            for src in stats.uncompiled_entries:
+            for src in STATS.uncompiled_entries:
                 print(f"\033[91m{'Uncompiled':<10}\033[0m {src:<10}")
             print("-" * 100)
         else:
@@ -127,12 +109,12 @@ def print_report(
         print(f"{'Compilation Failed':<25}: \033[91m{failed}\033[0m")
 
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Toolchain & Browser Version Report
+    # Toolchain Version Report
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     print("\nResource Versions Report")
     print("-" * 100)
 
-    versions = get_all_versions(os_name)
+    versions = get_all_versions(CONFIG.OS_NAME)
     for tool, ver in versions.items():
         if "Not installed" not in ver:
             print(f"{tool:<25}: {ver}")
diff --git a/tests/run.py b/tests/run.py
index e35f187..97f2cce 100644
--- a/tests/run.py
+++ b/tests/run.py
@@ -1,148 +1,87 @@
 """
-Author: Shubham Darda
+Test Harness Entry Point (tests/run.py)
+
 Purpose:
-    Entry point for the automated test harness used to validate the generated
-    GoDarda static site and optionally compile code snippets.
-
-Description:
-    This module orchestrates:
-      - Environment validation (minimum Python version).
-      - Platform-specific test flows (macOS, Ubuntu, Windows).
-      - Browser-driven title verification and optional snippet compilation.
-      - Summary reporting and lightweight cleanup.
-
-Guidelines:
-    - Keep orchestration logic here; delegate browser and file helpers to utilities.py.
-    - Fail fast on obvious preconditions (missing pages folder, unsupported OS).
-    - Maintain concise, CI-friendly logging to ease debugging in GitHub Actions.
+This script orchestrates the testing workflow for the GoDarda site.
+It validates the runtime environment, executes verification tests,
+performs code compilation, and generates a summary report.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Orchestration: Coordinates title verification and code compilation steps.
+2. Validation: Checks Python version and directory structure before running.
+3. Reporting: Calculates execution time and displays final results.
 """
 
 import os
 import sys
 import time
-import platform
+import shutil
 from compile import compile_snippets
 from unittesting import TitleVerificationTest
 from report import print_report
-from utilities import config, stats, start_tests, clean_pycache
+from utilities import CONFIG, STATS
 
 
 def main() -> None:
     """
-    Main procedure for running the test harness and compilation steps.
-
-    Responsibilities:
-      - Validate Python runtime compatibility (project minimum: 3.7).
-      - Determine the repository 'pages' -> 'codes' paths.
-      - Branch into OS-specific behaviors:
-          * macOS: Safari (local) or run bare title verification in GH Actions.
-          * Ubuntu: Chrome (local/CI) with full verification and snippet compilation.
-          * Windows: Chrome for local runs; limited behavior in CI.
-      - Emit a concise report and execution time.
-      - Attempt non-destructive cleanup (remove __pycache__).
+    Executes the test suite, including environment checks, verification, and reporting.
     """
-    start = time.time()
-
-    # Python version guard (maintain original project's minimum)
+    # Ensure the Python runtime meets the minimum version requirement.
     if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
         print("Python 3.7 or later is needed for execution.")
         return
 
     try:
-        # High-level run info to help CI logs correlate results with environment
-        print("Starting automated tests on:", platform.platform())
+        start = time.time()
         cwd = os.getcwd()
         source = os.path.join(cwd, "pages")
-        destination = os.path.join(cwd, "codes")
+        destination = os.path.join(cwd, ".codes")
 
-        # Sanity check: ensure site pages exist before attempting browser work
+        # Verify that the source directory exists.
         if not os.path.exists(source):
             print(f"Source path not found: {source}")
             return
 
-        # macOS-specific flow
-        if config.is_macos:
-            print("Running tests on macOS. Please wait...")
-            if config.is_github_actions:
-                # In CI we only run the minimal TitleVerificationTest to avoid GUI dependencies
-                TitleVerificationTest().runTest()
-                browser = ""
-            else:
-                # Local macOS: prefer Safari for verification to match user environment
-                browser = "safari"
-                start_tests(browser)
-            # Compile snippets for macOS flows when snippet sources are present
-            compile_snippets(source, destination)
-
-            print_report(
-                stats.matched,
-                stats.unmatched,
-                stats.compiled,
-                stats.uncompiled,
-                browser,
-            )
-
-        # Ubuntu-specific flow
-        elif config.is_ubuntu:
-            browser = "chrome"
-            print("Running tests on Ubuntu. Please wait...")
-            start_tests(browser)
-            compile_snippets(source, destination)
+        print(f"Starting test suite on {CONFIG.OS_NAME}.")
+        print("Please wait, execution in progress...")
 
-            print_report(
-                stats.matched,
-                stats.unmatched,
-                stats.compiled,
-                stats.uncompiled,
-                browser,
-            )
-
-        # Windows-specific flow
-        elif config.is_windows:
-            print("Running tests on Windows. Please wait...")
-            if config.is_github_actions:
-                # CI on Windows may run a reduced verification set
-                TitleVerificationTest().runTest()
-                browser = ""
-            else:
-                browser = "chrome"
-                start_tests(browser)
-            # Windows path historically did not attempt compilation in this harness
-            print_report(stats.matched, stats.unmatched, 0, 0, browser)
+        # Execute title verification.
+        TitleVerificationTest("test_site_titles").test_site_titles()
 
+        # Execute snippet compilation if supported.
+        if CONFIG.OS_NAME != "Windows":
+            compile_snippets(source, destination)
+            if os.path.exists(destination):
+                shutil.rmtree(destination)
+
+        print_report(
+            STATS.matched,
+            STATS.unmatched,
+            STATS.compiled,
+            STATS.uncompiled,
+        )
+
+        # Calculate and display execution time.
+        end = time.time()
+        total_seconds = round(end - start)
+        m, s = divmod(total_seconds, 60)
+        h, m = divmod(m, 60)
+
+        print("-" * 100)
+        if h >= 1:
+            time_str = f"\033[91m{h:02d}:{m:02d}:{s:02d}\033[0m"
         else:
-            # Guard for unsupported OS; utilities.get_environment_config should already catch this
-            print("Script works on macOS, Ubuntu, and Windows only.")
-            return
+            time_str = f"\033[92m{h:02d}:{m:02d}:{s:02d}\033[0m"
+
+        print(f"{'Total Execution Time':<25}: {time_str}")
 
     except Exception as e:
-        # Provide helpful diagnostics for common runtime issues.
-        print("The script execution aborted due to the following possible reason(s):")
-        print("1. The local server isn't up and running.")
-        print("2. The required driver isn't found at the given location.")
-        print("3. Unsupported OS, browser or driver versions.")
-        print("4. Manual interruption during execution.")
-        print("5. Local code changes or misconfiguration.")
-        print("Exception details:", e)
-
-    # Compute and print total execution time in HH:MM:SS format
-    end = time.time()
-    total_seconds = round(end - start)
-    m, s = divmod(total_seconds, 60)
-    h, m = divmod(m, 60)
-
-    print("-" * 100)
-    if h >= 1:
-        # Long runs highlighted in CI-friendly red
-        time_str = f"\033[91m{h:02d}:{m:02d}:{s:02d}\033[0m"
-    else:
-        # Short runs highlighted in green
-        time_str = f"\033[92m{h:02d}:{m:02d}:{s:02d}\033[0m"
-
-    print(f"{'Total Execution Time':<25}: {time_str}")
-
-    # Best-effort cleanup of bytecode caches to avoid stale artifacts across runs
-    clean_pycache()
+        print("\n\033[91mExecution failed.\033[0m")
+        print(f"Error details: {e}")
+        print("\nPossible causes:")
+        print(f"1. Local server not running at {CONFIG.BASE_URL}")
+        print("2. Network connectivity issues.")
+        print("3. Environment or configuration errors.")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/tests/unittesting.py b/tests/unittesting.py
index 0fa80f9..11c34bb 100644
--- a/tests/unittesting.py
+++ b/tests/unittesting.py
@@ -1,123 +1,104 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Author: Shubham Darda
-Purpose:
-    Title verification unit test for the GoDarda static site.
-
-Description:
-    This module performs concurrent HTTP fetches of site pages and validates that
-    each page's <title> element matches the expected value loaded from the
-    repository _data YAML files. It is optimized for CI-friendly output and
-    efficient network use by reusing a single requests.Session and a bounded
-    ThreadPoolExecutor.
+Title Verification Tests (tests/unittesting.py)
 
-Guidelines:
-    - Reuse a single requests.Session to leverage connection pooling and reduce
-      test runtime.
-    - Bound the thread pool size to avoid oversubscribing small CI runners.
-    - Fail-fast on excessive mismatches to surface server-wide problems early.
-    - Keep printed output concise for readability in CI logs.
+Purpose:
+This module performs unit tests to verify the integrity of the deployed
+static site. It validates that webpage titles match expected values defined
+in the data files.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Concurrency: Utilizes thread pools for efficient parallel HTTP requests.
+2. Validation: Compares fetched HTML <title> tags against expected metadata.
+3. Resilience: Implements connection pooling and retries for network stability.
 """
 
 import os
 import requests
 import unittest
+import sys
 import concurrent.futures
 import urllib.parse
 from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
-from utilities import config, stats, load_expected_data
+from utilities import CONFIG, STATS, load_expected_data
 
 
-# Helper that performs the HTTP GET for a single relative URL using a shared session.
-def _fetch_title_session(
+def fetch_page_title(
     session: requests.Session, base_url: str, relative_url: str, timeout: int = 5
 ):
     """
-    Helper to fetch title using a provided session. Returns (relative_url, title_or_None).
-
-    - session: a prepared requests.Session (keeps connections pooled)
-    - base_url: site base to join with the relative path
-    - relative_url: page path to fetch (may start with '/')
-    - timeout: per-request timeout in seconds
+    Fetches the page title for a given URL using a shared session.
 
     Returns:
-        (relative_url, title_string_or_None)
+        A tuple containing the relative URL and the extracted title string (or None if failed).
     """
-    # Build full absolute URL from base and relative path
+    # Construct the absolute URL.
     full_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, relative_url.lstrip("/"))
     try:
-        # Use the shared session to GET the page
+        # Perform the GET request.
         resp = session.get(full_url, timeout=timeout)
         resp.raise_for_status()
-        # Parse HTML and extract <title>
+        # Parse the response content to extract the <title> tag.
         soup = BeautifulSoup(resp.text, "html.parser")
         title_text = (
             soup.title.string.strip() if soup.title and soup.title.string else None
         )
         return relative_url, title_text
     except requests.RequestException:
-        # Any network or HTTP error -> treat as missing title
+        # Treat network or HTTP errors as a missing title.
         return relative_url, None
 
 
 class TitleVerificationTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """
-    Unit test for verifying webpage titles against expected values.
-
-    The test:
-    - loads expected data (list of dicts with "url" and "title")
-    - concurrently fetches each page's title
-    - increments stats.matched / stats.unmatched and records mismatches
+    Test case for verifying that webpage titles match expected values.
     """
 
-    def runTest(self):
-        # Load expected results from the configured data path
-        expected_data = load_expected_data(config.datapath)
+    def test_site_titles(self):
+        # Load expected URL/title pairs from the data directory.
+        expected_data = load_expected_data(CONFIG.DATAPATH)
         if not expected_data:
             self.skipTest("No expected data loaded; skipping title verification test.")
-        # Prepare a single Session for connection pooling and a mounted adapter
+        
+        # Initialize a session with connection pooling.
         session = requests.Session()
         session.headers.update({"User-Agent": "GoDarda-TitleChecker/1.0"})
         adapter = HTTPAdapter(pool_maxsize=20, max_retries=1)
         session.mount("http://", adapter)
         session.mount("https://", adapter)
 
-        # Determine threadpool size: bounded to avoid oversubscription
+        # Calculate an appropriate thread pool size.
         max_workers = min(20, (os.cpu_count() or 4) * 5)
 
         futures = {}
-        print(
-            "Please wait. It may take some time for the Title Verification Test to complete..."
-        )
 
-        # Use a ThreadPoolExecutor to fetch many pages concurrently
-        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as ex:
-            for item in expected_data:
-                # Schedule the fetch for each expected entry
-                fut = ex.submit(
-                    _fetch_title_session, session, config.base_url, item["url"], 5
+        # Execute requests concurrently.
+        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
+            for expected_entry in expected_data:
+                future = executor.submit(
+                    fetch_page_title, session, CONFIG.BASE_URL, expected_entry["url"], 5
                 )
-                futures[fut] = item
-
-            # Process results as they complete
-            for fut in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
-                item = futures[fut]
-                rel_url, actual_title = fut.result()
-                # Compare the fetched title to the expected title
-                if actual_title == item["title"]:
-                    stats.matched += 1
+                futures[future] = expected_entry
+
+            # Process results as they become available.
+            for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
+                expected_entry = futures[future]
+                rel_url, actual_title = future.result()
+                
+                if actual_title == expected_entry["title"]:
+                    STATS.matched += 1
                 else:
-                    stats.unmatched += 1
-                    # Record the relative URL and expected title
-                    stats.unmatched_entries.append((rel_url, item["title"]))
-                    # Fail-fast: abort if too many mismatches
-                    if stats.unmatched > 10:
+                    STATS.unmatched += 1
+                    STATS.unmatched_entries.append((rel_url, expected_entry["title"]))
+                    
+                    # Abort early if a significant number of mismatches occur.
+                    if STATS.unmatched > 10:
                         print("\n\033[91mToo many unmatched titles.\033[0m")
                         print(
                             "This likely indicates a server down, broken selectors, or bad input."
                         )
-                        os._exit(1)
+                        sys.exit(1)
 
-            # Explicitly close session to release connections
+            # Clean up session resources.
             session.close()
diff --git a/tests/utilities.py b/tests/utilities.py
index 0fbc5df..230f888 100644
--- a/tests/utilities.py
+++ b/tests/utilities.py
@@ -1,114 +1,73 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-Author: Shubham Darda
-Purpose:
-    Test helper utilities used by the automated test suite for the GoDarda website.
-
-Description:
-    This module centralizes reusable functionality required by integration/acceptance
-    tests that exercise the generated static site:
-      - Environment detection and validation (OS, GitHub Actions, base URL).
-      - Selenium WebDriver lifecycle and browser helpers (Chrome, Safari).
-      - Page verification helpers (title checks, scrolling/back-to-top).
-      - YAML-driven expected-data loader with concurrency and deduplication.
-      - Lightweight cleanup helpers (remove __pycache__).
+Test Suite Utilities (tests/utilities.py)
 
-Guidelines:
-    - Keep functions small and focused; prefer explicit error messages to aid CI debugging.
-    - Avoid destructive operations in tests; cleanup functions only remove local caches.
-    - Use EnvironmentConfig to centralize platform-specific behavior (headless mode, base_url).
-    - Load expected title data from the repository _data folder to drive page checks.
+Purpose:
+This module provides shared utilities and configuration for the test suite.
+It handles environment detection, data loading, and cleanup routines to ensure
+consistent test execution across platforms.
+
+Key Features:
+1. Environment Detection: Identifies OS, paths, and base URLs.
+2. Configuration: Defines data structures for test settings.
+3. Data Loading: Helper functions to load expected test data from YAML files.
+4. Cleanup: Routines to clean up artifacts like __pycache__.
 """
-# --- Standard library imports ---
+
 import os
 import platform
 import sys
-import time
 import shutil
-import subprocess
+import yaml
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 
-# --- Third-party imports ---
-import yaml
-from selenium import webdriver
-from selenium.common.exceptions import (
-    WebDriverException,
-    JavascriptException,
-    NoSuchElementException,
-    TimeoutException,
-)
-from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
-from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
-from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
-from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
-
 
-# It holds the base URL of the website and the environment information.
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class EnvironmentConfig:
-    # Platform booleans (mutually exclusive)
-    is_macos: bool
-    is_ubuntu: bool
-    is_windows: bool
-    # CI indicator (affects headless mode and base_url override)
-    is_github_actions: bool
-    # Base URL used for tests (localhost for local dev, GitHub Pages in CI)
-    base_url: str
-    # Path to the repository data folder (used to load expected titles)
-    datapath: Path
+    """Configuration object holding environment-specific settings."""
+    BASE_URL: str
+    DATAPATH: Path
+    OS_NAME: str
 
 
-# It tracks match/unmatch counts for automated tests.
 @dataclass
 class TestStats:
-    # Number of successful title matches
+    """Tracks statistics for the test run."""
     matched: int = 0
-    # Number of mismatches encountered
     unmatched: int = 0
-    # List of (path, expected_title) tuples that failed
-    unmatched_entries = []
-    # Counters reserved for future compilation checks
+    unmatched_entries: List[Tuple[str, str]] = field(default_factory=list)
     compiled: int = 0
     uncompiled: int = 0
-    uncompiled_entries = []
+    uncompiled_entries: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 def get_environment_config() -> EnvironmentConfig:
     """
-    Detect the host operating system, enforce Windows 11 builds when running locally,
-    and set up flags for macOS, Ubuntu, Windows, and GitHub Actions. Also returns
-    the appropriate base URL and datapath for loading expected titles.
+    Detects the host operating system and validates environment requirements.
 
-    Notes:
-      - On Linux, only Ubuntu is supported by the test harness; other distros exit.
-      - On Windows, a minimum build number (22000) is required (Windows 11).
+    Returns:
+        An EnvironmentConfig object containing the base URL, data path, and OS name.
+        Exits the process if the OS or version is unsupported.
     """
     system_name = platform.system()
-    is_windows = system_name == "Windows"
-    is_macos = system_name == "Darwin"
-    is_linux = system_name == "Linux"
-    is_github_actions = os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS") == "true"
-
-    is_ubuntu = False
     base_url = "http://localhost:4000/"
     datapath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "_data/")
 
-    # When running on Linux, ensure it's Ubuntu (tests rely on distro-specific behavior)
-    if is_linux:
-        # platform.freedesktop_os_release provides structured distro info when available
+    if system_name == "Darwin":
+        os_name = "macOS"
+    elif system_name == "Linux":
+        # Verify that the Linux distribution is Ubuntu.
         distro_id = platform.freedesktop_os_release().get("ID", "").lower()
-        is_ubuntu = distro_id == "ubuntu"
-        if not is_ubuntu:
-            # Fail fast: unsupported distro will produce unpredictable results
+        if distro_id != "ubuntu":
             print(f"Unsupported Linux distribution: {distro_id}. Only Ubuntu is supported.")
             sys.exit(1)
-
-    # On Windows ensure at least Windows Server 2022 (build 20348) or Windows 11 (build 22000+) to avoid incompatible behavior
-    if is_windows:
+        os_name = "Ubuntu"
+    elif system_name == "Windows":
+        # Verify minimum Windows build version.
         _, ver, _, _ = platform.win32_ver()
         try:
             build_number = int(ver.split(".")[2])
@@ -118,193 +77,38 @@ def get_environment_config() -> EnvironmentConfig:
         if build_number < 20348:
             print(f"Unsupported Windows build {build_number}. Requires Server 2022 (20348+) or Windows 11 (22000+).")
             sys.exit(1)
-
-    # Only macOS, Ubuntu (Linux) and Windows are supported by the test harness
-    if not (is_windows or is_ubuntu or is_macos):
+        os_name = "Windows"
+    else:
         print(f"Unsupported OS: {system_name}. Only macOS, Ubuntu, and Windows are supported.")
         sys.exit(1)
 
     return EnvironmentConfig(
-        is_windows=is_windows,
-        is_ubuntu=is_ubuntu,
-        is_macos=is_macos,
-        is_github_actions=is_github_actions,
-        base_url=base_url,
-        datapath=Path(datapath),
+        BASE_URL=base_url,
+        DATAPATH=Path(datapath),
+        OS_NAME=os_name,
     )
 
 
-def open_browser(browser_name: str, cfg: EnvironmentConfig) -> WebDriver:
-    """
-    Launch a Selenium WebDriver for the requested browser.
-
-    Supported browsers:
-      - chrome: uses webdriver-manager to download a compatible ChromeDriver.
-      - safari: macOS-only. Attempts to enable the safaridriver if necessary.
-
-    Behavior:
-      - When running in GitHub Actions, Chrome is started in headless mode.
-      - Experimental options are used for local Chrome runs to reduce automation flags.
-      - Detailed errors are printed to help CI logs diagnose failures.
-    """
-    browser = browser_name.strip().lower()
-    driver = None
-
-    try:
-        if browser == "chrome":
-            options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
-            if cfg.is_github_actions:
-                # Use headless mode in CI to avoid requiring a display server
-                options.add_argument("--headless")
-                print("Running Chrome in headless mode for GitHub Actions.")
-            else:
-                # Reduce noisy automation warnings when running locally
-                options.add_experimental_option(
-                    "excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation", "enable-logging"]
-                )
-            service = ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install())
-            driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, service=service)
-
-        elif browser == "safari":
-            # Safari WebDriver is only available on macOS
-            if not cfg.is_macos:
-                raise ValueError("Safari is only supported on macOS.")
-
-            try:
-                # Enabling safaridriver requires elevated privileges on macOS
-                print("Enabling Safari WebDriver (requires admin privileges)...")
-                subprocess.run(["sudo", "safaridriver", "--enable"], check=True)
-                print("Safari WebDriver enabled.")
-            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-                raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to enable Safari WebDriver. Exit code: {e.returncode}") from e
-            except FileNotFoundError:
-                raise EnvironmentError("safaridriver not found. Ensure Safari is installed and you're on macOS.")
-
-            print("Launching Safari browser on macOS.")
-            driver = webdriver.Safari()
-
-        else:
-            message = f"Unsupported browser: {browser_name}. Choose 'chrome' or 'safari'."
-            print(message)
-            raise ValueError(message)
-
-        return driver
-
-    except WebDriverException as e:
-        # Propagate Selenium-specific failures after logging
-        print(f"Failed to launch browser '{browser_name}': {e}")
-        raise
-
-    except Exception as e:
-        # Generic fallback for other unexpected launch errors
-        print(f"Unexpected error during browser launch: {e}")
-        raise
-
-
-def verify_title(driver: WebDriver, path: str, expected_title: str) -> Tuple[int, int]:
-    """
-    Navigate to the provided path (relative to config.base_url), compare the page title,
-    and update the global TestStats counters.
-
-    Returns:
-        (matched_count, unmatched_count)
-
-    Notes:
-      - This function maximizes the browser window before loading to ensure titles
-        and layout are consistent across environments.
-      - On any unexpected exception the test run exits with status 1 to fail CI/runner.
-    """
-    url = f"{config.base_url}{path}"
-
-    try:
-        driver.maximize_window()
-        driver.get(url)
-        actual_title = driver.title.strip()
-        if actual_title == expected_title.strip():
-            stats.matched += 1
-        else:
-            stats.unmatched += 1
-            stats.unmatched_entries.append((path, expected_title))
-        
-        # Run scrolling only if not in GitHub Actions and URL has 0 or 1 "/"
-        # Use the last processed url as representative (this is consistent with previous behavior)
-        slash_count = path.count("/")
-        if not config.is_github_actions and slash_count in (0, 1):
-            verify_scrolling(driver)
-            
-    except Exception as e:
-        # Keep the logged message compact for CI readability while preserving cause
-        print(
-            f"WebDriverException during title verification for '{url}': {str(e).splitlines()[0]}"
-        )
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    return stats.matched, stats.unmatched
-
-
-def verify_scrolling(driver) -> bool:
+def load_expected_data(folder_path: Union[str, Path]) -> List[dict]:
     """
-    Validate scrolling behavior:
-      - Scroll to the bottom of the page.
-      - Click the '#backtotop' element (if present).
-      - Confirm page returns to the original top position.
+    Parses YAML files in the specified directory to extract expected URL/title pairs.
+    Uses concurrency to speed up file reading and deduplicates entries.
 
     Returns:
-      True on success, False on failure or if element not present.
-    """
-    try:
-        # Measure document height before and after scroll to detect dynamic content
-        before_scroll = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
-        driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
-        time.sleep(1)
-        after_scroll = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
-        if after_scroll > before_scroll:
-            # Attempt to click the back-to-top control to return to top
-            driver.find_element(By.ID, "backtotop").click()
-            time.sleep(1)
-        # Re-evaluate height to determine whether we're back to top
-        back_to_top = after_scroll = driver.execute_script(
-            "return document.body.scrollHeight"
-        )
-        if back_to_top != before_scroll:
-            print("Back to top: Unsuccessful")
-            return False
-        return True
-
-    except (TimeoutException, JavascriptException, NoSuchElementException) as exc:
-        # Log a concise failure for CI; do not raise so the suite can continue if desired
-        print("verify_scrolling failed: %s", exc)
-        return False
-
-
-def load_expected_data(folder_path):
-    """
-    Parse all YAML files in the specified folder concurrently to extract expected
-    (url, title) pairs used by page verification.
-
-    Behavior and notes:
-      - Supports both .yml and .yaml file extensions.
-      - Concurrently reads files with ThreadPoolExecutor for improved IO throughput.
-      - Deduplicates entries by (url, title) to avoid redundant tests.
-      - Recognizes 'sidenav' and 'grandparent' sections in YAML files; extracts
-        'parent' and child 'title' fields as needed.
-      - Returns a list of dictionaries: [{"url": <str>, "title": <str>}, ...]
+        A list of dictionaries containing "url" and "title" keys.
     """
     folder = Path(folder_path)
     expected = []
     if not folder.exists() or not folder.is_dir():
         return expected
 
-    files = [
-        folder / f
-        for f in os.listdir(folder)
-        if f.endswith(".yml") or f.endswith(".yaml")
-    ]
+    # Use rglob for cleaner recursion and filtering
+    files = list(folder.rglob("*.yml")) + list(folder.rglob("*.yaml"))
     if not files:
         return expected
 
     def parse_file(path: Path):
-        # Safely load YAML content; return [] on parse/read failure to avoid aborting all parsing
+        # Attempt to load YAML content safely.
         try:
             with path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
                 data = yaml.safe_load(fh) or {}
@@ -313,7 +117,7 @@ def parse_file(path: Path):
             return []
 
         entries = []
-        # Process both named sections; entries can be present at parent and child levels
+        # Extract entries from 'sidenav' and 'grandparent' sections.
         for section_name in ("sidenav", "grandparent"):
             for section in data.get(section_name, []):
                 if "url" in section and "parent" in section:
@@ -323,7 +127,7 @@ def parse_file(path: Path):
                         entries.append((child["url"], child["title"]))
         return entries
 
-    # Choose a conservative worker count to avoid overwhelming small CI runners
+    # Use a thread pool to parse files concurrently.
     max_workers = min(32, max(2, (os.cpu_count() or 2) * 2))
     results = []
     with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as ex:
@@ -331,92 +135,18 @@ def parse_file(path: Path):
             if res:
                 results.extend(res)
 
-    # Deduplicate results while preserving original order
+    # Deduplicate results while preserving order.
     seen = set()
-    out = []
+    unique_entries = []
     for url, title in results:
         key = (url, title)
         if key not in seen:
-            out.append({"url": url, "title": title})
+            unique_entries.append({"url": url, "title": title})
             seen.add(key)
 
-    return out
-
-
-# Global configuration and statistics
-# These are initialized at module import time and intended to be reused across tests.
-config = get_environment_config()
-stats = TestStats()
-
-
-def start_tests(browser_name: str):
-    """
-    Run the suite of title verifications and a single scrolling check.
-
-    Args:
-      browser_name: 'chrome' | 'safari'
-
-    Returns:
-      (matched_count, unmatched_count)
-
-    Notes:
-      - The driver is always torn down in the finally block to avoid leaking processes.
-      - Scrolling is only validated for URLs with 0 or 1 slashes and only on local runs
-        (disabled in GitHub Actions to avoid interacting with remote pages).
-    """
-    # Launch the browser driver according to the environment config
-    driver = open_browser(browser_name, config)
-
-    try:
-        # Load expected url/title pairs from _data
-        expected = load_expected_data(config.datapath)
-        if not expected:
-            print(f"No expected titles found in: {config.datapath}")
-
-        for entry in expected:
-            url = entry.get("url")
-            title = entry.get("title")
-            if not url or not title:
-                continue
+    return unique_entries
 
-            verify_title(driver, url, title)
 
-    finally:
-        # ensure we always tear down the browser to avoid zombie driver processes
-        if driver:
-            try:
-                driver.delete_all_cookies()
-                driver.quit()
-            except Exception:
-                # Suppress cleanup errors to avoid masking test results
-                pass
-
-    return stats.matched, stats.unmatched
-
-
-def clean_pycache(cache_path: str | None = None) -> None:
-    """
-    Remove a __pycache__ directory.
-
-    Behavior:
-      - If cache_path is provided and points to a __pycache__ directory, it will be removed.
-      - If cache_path is provided and points to a parent directory, that parent's
-        __pycache__ child will be removed.
-      - If cache_path is None, the function removes the __pycache__ directory adjacent
-        to this file.
-
-    Exceptions are caught and logged as warnings to avoid failing the test run.
-    """
-    try:
-        p = (
-            Path(cache_path)
-            if cache_path
-            else Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "__pycache__"
-        )
-        # If caller passed a parent folder (not named __pycache__), remove its __pycache__ child
-        if p.name != "__pycache__":
-            p = p / "__pycache__"
-        if p.exists():
-            shutil.rmtree(p)
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Cleanup warning (could not remove {cache_path or 'default'}): {e}")
+# Initialize global configuration and statistics.
+CONFIG = get_environment_config()
+STATS = TestStats()