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Frequently Asked Questions

How is ProofPartner different from Hilbert, ReProver, or LeanDojo?

ProofPartner starts from rough mathematical ideas (Stage 2) — you describe an intuition in natural language, and ProofPartner generates formal conjectures, verifies they match your intent, checks for counterexamples, and attempts proofs. Hilbert, ReProver, and LeanDojo start from pre-formalized Lean 4 statements (Stage 1) — they need a precise formal statement as input.

Use ProofPartner when you don't yet have a Lean 4 statement. Use Hilbert or ReProver when you already have one and need a proof.

See the competitive landscape table in the README for a detailed comparison.

Do I need Lean 4 installed?

No for exploration, conjecture generation, and formalization. ProofPartner uses mocked Lean backends for these stages, which is sufficient for generating conjectures and Lean 4 statements.

Yes for verified proof search and counterexample checking. These require the Lean 4 kernel to validate proofs and check statements. Install Lean 4 via elan.

See the Reproducibility Guide for installation instructions.

How much does it cost?

All ProofPartner commands run via the Anthropic API and incur token costs. Typical costs:

Operation Typical cost
Explore an idea $0.05–$0.50
Formalize a conjecture $0.50–$3.00
Check for counterexamples $0.10–$2.00
Proof search $1.00–$10.00
Full research loop $2.00–$20.00

Every command has a --budget flag that sets a hard cost cap. The default budgets are: explore $2, formalize $3, check $2, prove $10, research $20.

See the Reproducibility Guide for detailed cost breakdowns.

What models are supported?

ProofPartner supports Claude models via the Anthropic API or Google Cloud Vertex AI:

  • Default: claude-opus-4-6-20250616
  • Override: Set AGENTIC_RESEARCH_MODEL environment variable, or use --model on any CLI command
# Use a different model
agentic-research --model claude-sonnet-4-20250514 explore 'my idea'

Currently Anthropic-only. Support for additional LLM providers is on the roadmap.

My proof search timed out or hit the budget cap

Several options:

  1. Increase the budget and timeout:
agentic-research prove 'theorem ...' --budget 20.00 --timeout 1200
  1. Decompose the theorem into smaller lemmas and prove each separately. Complex theorems are easier to prove when broken into sub-goals.

  2. Try a different model — different models may find different proof strategies:

agentic-research --model claude-opus-4-6-20250616 prove 'theorem ...'
  1. Use the full research loop which includes automatic refinement:
agentic-research research 'your idea' --budget 20.00

Can I resume an interrupted session?

Session checkpointing is built into the orchestrator — state is saved at each pipeline stage. A CLI resume command is planned (see issue #7).

Programmatically, you can resume via the API:

orchestrator.resume_from_checkpoint(checkpoint_id)

How do I cite ProofPartner?

See CITATION.cff in the repository root for machine-readable citation metadata. BibTeX entries are available in the README Citation section.

ProofPartner's proof pipeline incorporates type-first formalization techniques from:

Soltani Moakhar, A., Gholami, I., Springer, M., JafariRaviz, M., & Hajiaghayi, M. (2026). Beyond the Library: An Agentic Framework for Autoformalizing Research Mathematics. arXiv:2606.31134.

Can I use a different LLM provider?

Currently, ProofPartner supports the Anthropic API (direct and Vertex AI) only. The LLMClient class in agents/llm_client.py is the single point of integration. OpenAI support is gated behind the OPENAI_ENABLED feature flag but is not yet fully implemented.

What does "type-first formalization" mean?

Instead of directly translating a natural-language conjecture into a Lean 4 theorem statement, ProofPartner first identifies and formalizes the types (mathematical structures) needed, validates them with auxiliary lemmas, and only then builds the theorem statement on top of the accepted types. This technique originates from Moakhar et al. (2026); ProofPartner extends it with formalization caching, data package injection, and interactive candidate selection.

See the Architecture document for details on each pipeline stage.

What are the eval benchmarks?

ProofPartner includes an evaluation harness with two benchmarks:

  • miniF2F v2 — 488 competition-level math problems in Lean 4 (244 test + 244 validation)
  • PutnamBench — 672 Putnam competition problems (stub loader)

The eval harness supports three modes: proof discovery, conjecture quality, and end-to-end research. Baseline results are pending.

agentic-research eval miniF2F --mode proof_discovery --split valid --pass-k 8

How do I use ProofPartner in a Jupyter notebook?

Use the Python API directly — see the API Guide for examples. All agents, pipelines, and the orchestrator can be imported and used programmatically.

Where are sessions stored?

Session data is stored in .agentic_research/sessions/ in the current working directory. Each session includes conjecture history, proof outcomes, and memory tier data. Sessions persist between CLI commands.

Further Reading