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+---
+products:
+  - Alauda Container Platform
+kind:
+  - Troubleshooting
+ProductsVersion:
+  - 4.3.0,4.3.1,4.3.2
+id: TBD
+---
+
+# Handle VPC Egress Gateway BFD session issues
+
+This article provides solutions for two VPC Egress Gateway (VEG) BFD session issues. Select the scenario that matches the observed behavior.
+
+## Scenario 1: BFD sessions repeatedly transition between Up and Down
+
+**Applicable versions:** ACP v4.3.0 and v4.3.1
+
+### Symptoms
+
+After BFD is enabled for the VEG, `bfdd-control status` reports one or more sessions that repeatedly transition between `Up` and `Down`. Application outbound traffic can be interrupted when OVN marks the corresponding VEG next hop as unavailable.
+
+### Causes
+
+BFD packets must be processed within the negotiated detection time. The following conditions can cause an established session to time out repeatedly:
+
+- In ACP v4.3.0 and v4.3.1, the default CPU request and limit for the VEG `bfdd` container are both `50m`. CPU throttling or node scheduling delays can prevent `bfdd` from processing BFD packets in time.
+- When the VEG uses `minRX: 100` and `minTX: 100`, the session is more sensitive to brief scheduling delays and packet loss.
+
+These conditions can occur independently or together.
+
+### Resolution
+
+Upgrade to ACP v4.3.2 or later. The default CPU request and limit for the VEG `bfdd` container are both `200m` in these versions.
+
+If you cannot upgrade ACP, apply the following changes to the affected VEG.
+
+:::warning
+Changing `spec.resources` or `spec.bfd` rolls out the VEG Deployment and recreates its Pods. For a single-replica VEG, schedule a maintenance window because application outbound traffic can be interrupted during the rollout.
+:::
+
+Edit the affected VEG:
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n <namespace> edit veg <veg-name>
+```
+
+Set the CPU request and limit to `200m`:
+
+```yaml
+spec:
+  resources:
+    requests:
+      cpu: 200m
+    limits:
+      cpu: 200m
+```
+
+If the session remains unstable after increasing the CPU, and the VEG explicitly uses a 100 ms detection interval, set `minRX` and `minTX` to `1000`:
+
+```yaml
+spec:
+  bfd:
+    minRX: 1000
+    minTX: 1000
+```
+
+Increasing the interval reduces sensitivity to brief scheduling delays and packet loss, but increases failure detection time. With a 1000 ms interval and a `multiplier` of `5`, BFD takes approximately 5 seconds to detect a failure, excluding the time OVN needs to update the forwarding path.
+
+## Scenario 2: No BFD sessions, but the health check succeeds
+
+**Applicable versions:** ACP v4.3.0, v4.3.1, and v4.3.2
+
+### Symptoms
+
+After BFD is enabled for the VEG, `bfdd-control status` reports `There are 0 sessions:`, but the VEG Pod remains `Running` and `Ready`. The corresponding VEG next hop can become unavailable and interrupt application outbound traffic.
+
+### Cause
+
+The existing `bfdd` health check runs `bfdd-control status` directly. The command returns exit code `0` when it successfully communicates with the local daemon, even when no BFD sessions exist:
+
+| BFD state | Example output | Exit code |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| A session exists | `There are 1 sessions:` | `0` |
+| No session exists | `There are 0 sessions:` | `0` |
+
+Kubernetes exec probes evaluate only the command exit code and do not interpret its output. Therefore, the existing liveness probe does not treat an empty session table as a failure, and the kubelet does not restart the `bfdd` container.
+
+### Resolution
+
+Upgrade to ACP v4.3.3 or later. These versions treat an empty BFD session table as a health-check failure.
+
+If the cluster must remain on ACP v4.3.0, v4.3.1, or v4.3.2, use the following temporary workaround.
+
+:::warning
+Updating the Deployment recreates VEG Pods. For a single-replica VEG, schedule a maintenance window because application outbound traffic can be interrupted during the rollout.
+
+The VEG Deployment is generated by the Kube-OVN controller. This manual change can be overwritten when the VEG specification or replica count changes, Kube-OVN is upgraded, or the VEG or Deployment is recreated.
+:::
+
+Set the VEG namespace and name, and obtain the generated Deployment name:
+
+```bash
+NAMESPACE="<veg-namespace>"
+VEG_NAME="<veg-name>"
+
+DEPLOYMENT="$(kubectl -n "${NAMESPACE}" get deployment \
+  -l "ovn.kubernetes.io/vpc-egress-gateway=${VEG_NAME}" \
+  -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')"
+```
+
+Edit the generated Deployment:
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n "${NAMESPACE}" edit deployment "${DEPLOYMENT}"
+```
+
+In the `bfdd` container, modify `exec.command` in the existing `livenessProbe` and set `timeoutSeconds` to `10`:
+
+```yaml
+livenessProbe:
+  exec:
+    command:
+      - bash
+      - -ec
+      - 'output="$(bfdd-control status)"; ! grep -q "^There are 0 sessions:" <<< "${output}"'
+  timeoutSeconds: 10
+```
+
+This change detects an empty session table and attempts recovery by restarting the `bfdd` container. If the session table remains empty after the restart, the change can only expose the failure; it cannot repair the BFD session. Investigate the OVN BFD peer, network path, and BFD configuration.
diff --git a/docs/zh/solutions/Handling_VPC_Egress_Gateway_BFD_session_issues.md b/docs/zh/solutions/Handling_VPC_Egress_Gateway_BFD_session_issues.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f784a5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/zh/solutions/Handling_VPC_Egress_Gateway_BFD_session_issues.md
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+products:
+  - Alauda Container Platform
+kind:
+  - Troubleshooting
+ProductsVersion:
+  - 4.3.0,4.3.1,4.3.2
+id: TBD
+sourceSHA: c48fd57ace1a3d90fe76bc3d76b1fdd85309e959e82d509b119541ca01507338
+---
+
+# VPC 出口网关 BFD 会话异常的处理方法
+
+本文提供两类 VPC 出口网关（VEG）BFD 会话异常的处理方法。请根据现场现象选择对应场景。
+
+## 场景 1：BFD 会话频繁在 Up 和 Down 之间切换
+
+**适用版本：** ACP v4.3.0 和 v4.3.1
+
+### 问题现象
+
+VEG 启用 BFD 后，`bfdd-control status` 能够查询到一个或多个会话，但会话频繁在 `Up` 和 `Down` 之间切换。当 OVN 将对应的 VEG 下一跳标记为不可用时，业务出网可能中断。
+
+### 原因
+
+BFD 报文必须在协商出的检测时间内完成处理。以下情况可能导致已建立的会话反复超时：
+
+- ACP v4.3.0 和 v4.3.1 中，VEG `bfdd` 容器的默认 CPU request 和 limit 均为 `50m`。CPU 限流或节点调度延迟可能导致 `bfdd` 无法及时处理 BFD 报文。
+- VEG 使用 `minRX: 100` 和 `minTX: 100` 时，会话对短暂的调度延迟和网络丢包更加敏感。
+
+以上情况可能独立出现，也可能同时存在。
+
+### 解决方案
+
+升级到 ACP v4.3.2 或更高版本。该版本已将 VEG `bfdd` 容器的默认 CPU request 和 limit 调整为 `200m`。
+
+如果暂时无法升级 ACP，请对受影响的 VEG 应用以下调整。
+
+:::warning
+修改 `spec.resources` 或 `spec.bfd` 会滚动更新 VEG Deployment 并重建 Pod。对于单副本 VEG，请安排维护窗口，因为滚动更新期间业务出网可能中断。
+:::
+
+编辑受影响的 VEG：
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n <namespace> edit veg <veg-name>
+```
+
+将 CPU request 和 limit 调整为 `200m`：
+
+```yaml
+spec:
+  resources:
+    requests:
+      cpu: 200m
+    limits:
+      cpu: 200m
+```
+
+增加 CPU 后，如果会话仍不稳定，并且 VEG 显式使用 100 ms 探测间隔，请将 `minRX` 和 `minTX` 调整为 `1000`：
+
+```yaml
+spec:
+  bfd:
+    minRX: 1000
+    minTX: 1000
+```
+
+增加探测间隔可以降低会话对短暂调度延迟和网络丢包的敏感度，但也会增加故障检测时间。当探测间隔为 1000 ms、`multiplier` 为 `5` 时，BFD 故障检测时间约为 5 秒，不包含 OVN 更新转发路径所需的时间。
+
+## 场景 2：BFD 会话为零，但健康检查仍然通过
+
+**适用版本：** ACP v4.3.0、v4.3.1 和 v4.3.2
+
+### 问题现象
+
+VEG 启用 BFD 后，`bfdd-control status` 显示 `There are 0 sessions:`，但 VEG Pod 仍处于 `Running` 和 `Ready` 状态。对应的 VEG 下一跳可能变为不可用，并造成业务出网中断。
+
+### 原因
+
+现有 `bfdd` 健康检查直接执行 `bfdd-control status`。该命令只要能够成功连接本地守护进程，就会返回退出码 `0`，即使本地不存在 BFD 会话：
+
+| BFD 状态 | 示例输出 | 退出码 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 存在 BFD 会话 | `There are 1 sessions:` | `0` |
+| 不存在 BFD 会话 | `There are 0 sessions:` | `0` |
+
+Kubernetes exec 探针只判断命令退出码，不解析命令输出。因此，现有 livenessProbe 无法将会话表为空识别为检查失败，kubelet 也不会重启 `bfdd` 容器。
+
+### 解决方案
+
+升级到 ACP v4.3.3 或更高版本。该版本会将 BFD 会话表为空识别为健康检查失败。
+
+如果集群暂时必须继续使用 ACP v4.3.0、v4.3.1 或 v4.3.2，请使用以下临时方案。
+
+:::warning
+更新 Deployment 会重建 VEG Pod。对于单副本 VEG，请安排维护窗口，因为滚动更新期间业务出网可能中断。
+
+VEG Deployment 由 Kube-OVN 控制器生成。修改 VEG spec 或副本数、升级 Kube-OVN，或者重建 VEG 或 Deployment 时，手工修改的探针可能被覆盖。
+:::
+
+设置 VEG 所在的命名空间和名称，并获取控制器生成的 Deployment 名称：
+
+```bash
+NAMESPACE="<veg-namespace>"
+VEG_NAME="<veg-name>"
+
+DEPLOYMENT="$(kubectl -n "${NAMESPACE}" get deployment \
+  -l "ovn.kubernetes.io/vpc-egress-gateway=${VEG_NAME}" \
+  -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')"
+```
+
+编辑控制器生成的 Deployment：
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n "${NAMESPACE}" edit deployment "${DEPLOYMENT}"
+```
+
+找到名为 `bfdd` 的容器，修改其现有 `livenessProbe` 中的 `exec.command`，并将 `timeoutSeconds` 调整为 `10`：
+
+```yaml
+livenessProbe:
+  exec:
+    command:
+      - bash
+      - -ec
+      - 'output="$(bfdd-control status)"; ! grep -q "^There are 0 sessions:" <<< "${output}"'
+  timeoutSeconds: 10
+```
+
+该修改用于识别空会话，并尝试通过重启 `bfdd` 容器恢复。如果重启后会话仍为空，该功能只能暴露异常，不能修复 BFD 会话，需要继续排查 OVN BFD peer、网络路径和 BFD 配置。