diff --git a/agentscope-harness/src/main/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgent.java b/agentscope-harness/src/main/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgent.java
index c573995fa..32c28e212 100644
--- a/agentscope-harness/src/main/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgent.java
+++ b/agentscope-harness/src/main/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgent.java
@@ -1353,7 +1353,16 @@ public Builder subagents(List<SubagentDeclaration> declarations) {
 
         /** Adds a fully custom subagent factory for a given agent id. */
         public Builder subagentFactory(String name, Function<String, Agent> factory) {
-            this.customSubagentFactories.add(new SubagentFactoryEntry(name, factory));
+            return subagentFactory(name, null, factory);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a fully custom subagent factory for a given agent id, with a description shown to
+         * the orchestrator. When {@code description} is null or blank, the name is used.
+         */
+        public Builder subagentFactory(
+                String name, String description, Function<String, Agent> factory) {
+            this.customSubagentFactories.add(new SubagentFactoryEntry(name, description, factory));
             return this;
         }
 
@@ -1461,7 +1470,7 @@ public List<SubagentEntry> buildSubagentEntries(
                 entries.add(
                         new SubagentEntry(
                                 custom.name(),
-                                custom.name(),
+                                custom.displayDescription(),
                                 () -> custom.factory().apply(custom.name()),
                                 null));
             }
@@ -2052,7 +2061,7 @@ private List<SubagentEntry> buildStaticSubagentEntries(
                 entries.add(
                         new SubagentEntry(
                                 custom.name(),
-                                custom.name(),
+                                custom.displayDescription(),
                                 () -> custom.factory().apply(custom.name()),
                                 null));
             }
@@ -2430,7 +2439,14 @@ private static SkillBox staticSkillBoxFromRepos(
             return box;
         }
 
-        private record SubagentFactoryEntry(String name, Function<String, Agent> factory) {}
+        private record SubagentFactoryEntry(
+                String name, String description, Function<String, Agent> factory) {
+
+            /** Description shown to the orchestrator, falling back to the name when unset. */
+            String displayDescription() {
+                return description != null && !description.isBlank() ? description : name;
+            }
+        }
 
         /** Marks this build as a leaf subagent (no nested subagent orchestration). */
         private Builder asLeafSubagent() {
diff --git a/agentscope-harness/src/test/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgentTest.java b/agentscope-harness/src/test/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgentTest.java
index 5637c3f42..948f03aaa 100644
--- a/agentscope-harness/src/test/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgentTest.java
+++ b/agentscope-harness/src/test/java/io/agentscope/harness/agent/HarnessAgentTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import io.agentscope.core.agent.Agent;
 import io.agentscope.core.agent.RuntimeContext;
 import io.agentscope.core.message.Msg;
 import io.agentscope.core.message.MsgRole;
@@ -741,6 +742,66 @@ void agentSpecLoader_markdownDeclaration_sharedMode_noPath_inlineBody() throws E
                 "body should be inline agents body when no workspace.path");
     }
 
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Custom subagent factory — description (issue #1504)
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    @Test
+    void customSubagentFactory_usesProvidedDescription() throws Exception {
+        Files.createDirectories(workspace);
+        Agent stub = mock(Agent.class);
+
+        List<SubagentEntry> entries =
+                HarnessAgent.builder()
+                        .model(stubModel("ok"))
+                        .workspace(workspace)
+                        .subagentFactory(
+                                "researcher",
+                                "Performs deep web research and summarizes findings.",
+                                name -> stub)
+                        .buildSubagentEntries(workspace);
+
+        SubagentEntry entry =
+                entries.stream()
+                        .filter(e -> "researcher".equals(e.name()))
+                        .findFirst()
+                        .orElseThrow();
+        assertEquals(
+                "Performs deep web research and summarizes findings.",
+                entry.description(),
+                "custom factory description should be exposed to the orchestrator");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void customSubagentFactory_fallsBackToNameWhenDescriptionMissing() throws Exception {
+        Files.createDirectories(workspace);
+        Agent stub = mock(Agent.class);
+
+        List<SubagentEntry> entries =
+                HarnessAgent.builder()
+                        .model(stubModel("ok"))
+                        .workspace(workspace)
+                        .subagentFactory("no-desc", name -> stub)
+                        .subagentFactory("blank-desc", "   ", name -> stub)
+                        .buildSubagentEntries(workspace);
+
+        SubagentEntry noDesc =
+                entries.stream().filter(e -> "no-desc".equals(e.name())).findFirst().orElseThrow();
+        SubagentEntry blankDesc =
+                entries.stream()
+                        .filter(e -> "blank-desc".equals(e.name()))
+                        .findFirst()
+                        .orElseThrow();
+        assertEquals(
+                "no-desc",
+                noDesc.description(),
+                "null description should fall back to the subagent name");
+        assertEquals(
+                "blank-desc",
+                blankDesc.description(),
+                "blank description should fall back to the subagent name");
+    }
+
     private static Model stubModel(String assistantText) {
         Model model = mock(Model.class);
         when(model.getModelName()).thenReturn("stub-model");
diff --git a/docs/en/harness/subagent.md b/docs/en/harness/subagent.md
index 6aace54e5..3d3c15ae7 100644
--- a/docs/en/harness/subagent.md
+++ b/docs/en/harness/subagent.md
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ On every `PreReasoningEvent` turn, `SubagentsHook` injects into SYSTEM:
 1. Built-in `general-purpose`
 2. Programmatic declarations: `builder.subagent(SubagentDeclaration)`
 3. File declarations: `workspace/subagents/*.md` (loaded non-recursively by `AgentSpecLoader`)
-4. Custom factories: `builder.subagentFactory(name, factory)`
+4. Custom factories: `builder.subagentFactory(name, factory)` or
+   `builder.subagentFactory(name, description, factory)` to give the orchestrator a meaningful
+   description instead of the bare name (falls back to the name when omitted or blank)
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/harness/subagent.md b/docs/zh/harness/subagent.md
index 309233341..6bb4b4e6d 100644
--- a/docs/zh/harness/subagent.md
+++ b/docs/zh/harness/subagent.md
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ Subagent 让主 agent 把「可独立处理、上下文重、可并行」的任
 1. 内置 `general-purpose`
 2. 编程声明：`builder.subagent(SubagentDeclaration)`
 3. 文件声明：`workspace/subagents/*.md`（`AgentSpecLoader` 非递归加载）
-4. 自定义工厂：`builder.subagentFactory(name, factory)`
+4. 自定义工厂：`builder.subagentFactory(name, factory)` 或
+   `builder.subagentFactory(name, description, factory)`，后者可为编排器提供有意义的描述而非仅有名称（省略或为空白时回退为名称）
 
 ---